情景教学在我国护理教育中的应用现状与思考

情景教学使学生能够在高度模仿真实环境,在不对病人安全和生命构成任何威胁的情况下反复训练护理病人所需的各种能力。因此,近年来受到了国内外护理教育界的广泛关注。本文通过对情景教学的概念及发展、情景教学在我国护理教育中的应用现状并结合笔者所在学校的情景模拟教学实践进行综述,针对存在的问题进行思考、提出建议,以期对我国护理教育中情景教学的发展起到一定的促进作用。     

自主学习及其在护理教育中的应用研究

在回顾自主学习思想起源、概念界定、模式、策略和测评的基础上,重点介绍自主学习在护理教育中的应用。     

护理本科生元情绪与学习适应性的相关性研究

目的探讨护理本科生元情绪和学习适应性的关系,为促进学生的学业成就提供科学依据。方法运用特质性元情绪量表和大学生学习适应量表对225名护理本科生进行测评。结果护理本科生元情绪均分为（3．42±0．53）分;学习适应性均分为（3．60±0．52）分;元情绪与学习适应性呈正相关,元情绪3维度能预测学习适应性12．7％的变异量。结论护理本科生元情绪处于中等水平。学习适应性处于较好水平。护理管理者或是教育者应指导学生对情绪进行调节和管理,以消除对学生学习适应不利的因素,以提高学生学习的适应性。     

Manipulatives in nursing education: A concept analysis

Use of manipulatives is an active learning strategy that relies on student interaction with objects to help them understand abstract concepts. Manipulatives are frequently used in elementary and middle schools but literature demonstrates that they are also effective tools for adult learners. The aim of this concept analysis is to evaluate the use of manipulatives in education and its applicability to nursing education. Walker and Avant's eight‐step concept analysis process was used for this evaluation. Google Scholar, EPSCO, PubMed, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases were searched using the terms manipulative and manipulatives, college or higher education, and teaching strategies. Three defining attributes emerged from the analysis: manipulatives must be positively engaging to students, learners must interact with objects or virtual graphics, and objects or graphics must be used to facilitate learning. Based on these defining attributes an operational definition is proposed. The model case provides an example of the use of manipulatives in nursing education, whereas additional cases support the defining attributes and the operational definition. Empirical referents describe uses of manipulatives in nursing education, both in academic and clinical settings. The concept of manipulatives and their defining attributes can be used by nurse educators to plan, organize, and evaluate education programs.     

Educational environment and approaches to learning of undergraduate nursing students in an Indonesian School of Nursing

The aims of this study were to assess students' perceptions of their educational environment and approaches to learning, and determine if perceptions of learning environment associates with approaches to learning. A survey was conducted to collect data from a regional private university in Indonesia. A total of 232 nursing students completed two questionnaires that measured their perceptions of educational environment and approaches to learning. The measurement was based on Dundee Ready Education Environment Measurement (DREEM) and Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). Five learning environments dimensions and three learning approaches dimensions from two measures were measured. The overall score of DREEM was 131.03/200 (SD 17.04), it was in the range considered to be favourable. The overall score is different significantly between years of study (p value = 0.01). This study indicated that the majority of undergraduate nursing students' adopt strategic approach (n = 139. 59.9%). The finding showed that perceived educational environment significantly associated with approaches to learning. This study implicated the need to maintain conducive learning environment. There is also a need to improve the management of learning activities that reflect the use of student-centered learning.     

基于社会学习理论实习护生同伴支持教育方案的构建

目的 基于社会学习理论构建实习护生同伴支持教育方案,为临床护理教育管理者实施同伴支持教育提供理论依据。方法 以社会学习理论为指导,通过文献回顾、质性访谈初步拟定实习护生同伴支持教育方案,运用德尔菲法对17名专家进行2轮咨询,最终构建实习护生同伴支持教育方案。结果 2轮专家咨询有效问卷回收率分别为94%、100%,专家权威系数为0.86,各指标重要性赋值均数为4.24～4.82分;最终形成基于社会学习理论实习护生同伴支持教育方案包括5个一级条目、10个二级条目、31个三级条目。结论 本研究基于社会学习理论构建实习护生同伴支持教育方案具有一定的科学性、可行性与实用性,可为临床护理教育管理者实施同伴支持教育方案提供参考。     

护理本科生评判性思维与自我导向学习能力的相关性

目的探讨护理本科生评判性思维能力与自我导向学习能力的现状,并分析其相关性。方法采用中文版评判性思维能力测量表和自我导向学习倾向量表对213名护理本科生进行调查。结果护理本科生评判性思维总分为(264.92±22.64)分;自我导向学习能力总分为(185.53±20.15)分;评判性思维能力总分与自我导向学习能力总分及各维度(学习动机、创造学习、独立学习、主动学习和喜爱学习)均呈正相关(P0.01)。结论护理教育者可通过提高护理本科生的评判性思维来提高其自我导向学习能力。     

PBL联合CBL教学法提高护理本科实习生临床能力的效果评价

目的探讨PBL联合CBL教学法在护理本科实习生临床能力培养中的应用效果。方法选取2013年7月至2014年3月102名护理本科实习生为对照组,2014年7月至2015年3月108名护理本科实习生为观察组,对照组采用常规教学法进行临床能力培养,观察组采用PBL联合CBL教学法进行临床能力培养。实习结束前1个月采用临床能力自我评价表对两组护理本科实习生进行测评,并对其考核成绩进行比较。结果观察组考核成绩高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组护理本科实习生临床能力总分为(439.55±23.18)分,高于对照组(414.28±19.52)分,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 PBL联合CBL教学法不仅使理论与实践有效结合,同时也提高了护理本科实习生的临床能力,使其更好地适应护理学科及临床护理的要求。     

护理本科实习生自主学习准备度与临床实践能力的相关性研究

目的调查护理本科实习生自主学习准备度与临床实践能力现状并研究两者之间的相关性。方法采用中文版自主学习准备度量表对85名本科护生进行调查,用自制临床实践能力评价指标体系由相应16个科室的护理教学组长对护生进行临床实践能力评价。结果护生的自主学习准备度得分为(134.40±19.52)分,临床实践能力得分(90.20±3.90)分,护生临床实践能力评分与其自主学习准备度评分呈正相关。结论自主学习准备度正向影响临床实践能力,临床带教老师有针对性地采取措施,提高护生的临床实习效果。     

Factors affecting metacognition of undergraduate nursing students in a blended learning environment

This paper is a report of a study to examine the influence of demographic, learning involvement and learning performance variables on metacognition of undergraduate nursing students in a blended learning environment. A cross‐sectional, correlational survey design was adopted. Ninety‐nine students invited to participate in the study were enrolled in a professional nursing ethics course at a public nursing college. The blended learning intervention is basically an assimilation of classroom learning and online learning. Simple linear regression showed significant associations between frequency of online dialogues, the Case Analysis Attitude Scale scores, the Case Analysis Self Evaluation Scale scores, the Blended Learning Satisfaction Scale scores, and Metacognition Scale scores. Multiple linear regression indicated that frequency of online dialogues, the Case Analysis Self Evaluation Scale and the Blended Learning Satisfaction Scale were significant independent predictors of metacognition. Overall, the model accounted for almost half of the variance in metacognition. The blended learning module developed in this study proved successful in the end as a catalyst for the exercising of metacognitive abilities by the sample of nursing students. Learners are able to develop metacognitive ability in comprehension, argumentation, reasoning and various forms of higher order thinking through the blended learning process.     

Perinatal nursing education for single-room maternity care: an evaluation of a competency-based model

Aims and objectives. To evaluate the success of a competency‐based nursing orientation programme for a single‐room maternity care unit by measuring improvement in self‐reported competency after six months. Background. Single‐room maternity care has challenged obstetrical nurses to provide comprehensive nursing care during all phases of the in‐hospital birth experience. In this model, nurses provide intrapartum, postpartum and newborn care in one room. To date, an evaluation of nursing education for single‐room maternity care has not been published. Design. A prospective cohort design comparing self‐reported competencies prior to starting work in the single‐room maternity care and six months after. Methods. Nurses completed a competency‐based education programme in which they could select from a menu of learning methods and content areas according to their individual needs. Learning methods included classroom lectures, self‐paced learning packages, and preceptorships in the clinical area. Competencies were measured by a standardized perinatal self‐efficacy tool and a tool developed by the authors for this study, the Single‐Room Maternity Care Competency Tool. A paired analysis was undertaken to take into account the paired (before and after) nature of the design. Results. Scores on the perinatal self‐efficacy scale and the single‐room maternity care competency tool were improved. These differences were statistically significant. Conclusions. Improvements in perinatal and single‐room maternity care‐specific competencies suggest that our education programme was successful in preparing nurses for their new role in the single‐room maternity care setting. This conclusion is supported by reported increases in nursing and patient satisfaction in the single‐room maternity care compared with the traditional labour/delivery and postpartum settings. Relevance to clinical practice. An education programme tailored to the learning needs of experienced clinical nurses contributes to improvements in nursing competencies and patient care.     

本科实习护生情绪智力与胜任力的相关性研究

目的探讨本科实习护生情绪智力水平对胜任力的影响,为提高本科实习护生临床护理能力提供参考。方法采用情绪智力量表和护士胜任力量表对哈尔滨市3所医院的本科实习护生428人进行调查。结果本科实习护生情绪智力量表条目总均分为(3.91±0.51)分,胜任力量表条目总均分为(3.24±0.46)分;本科实习护生情绪智力总分及自我情绪评估、自我情绪运用、他人情绪评估、自我情绪调整4个维度得分均与胜任力得分呈正相关(P0.01或P0.05);其中,自我情绪运用和他人情绪评估为胜任力的主要影响因素(P0.01)。结论本科实习护生情绪智力与胜任力密切相关,通过提高本科实习护生的情绪智力水平,促进其临床实习胜任能力,以便培养临床护理实用性人才。     

学生标准化病人在护理管理学案例教学中的应用

目的探讨学生标准化病人在护理管理学案例教学中的应用效果。方法选取某护理学院2011级282名护理本科生为实验组,在案例教学中应用学生标准化病人教学法;选取2010级护理本科生288名为对照组,采用常规案例教学法,比较两组教学效果。结果实验组护生对学生标准化病人的作用、巩固管理理论知识、激发学习管理学兴趣和增加团队合作能力的肯定评价均在90.00%以上。实验组护生护理管理学考试成绩高于对照组护生,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论学生标准化病人在护理管理学案例教学中的应用,可以提高护理本科生管理能力和整体素质。     

The influence of an undergraduate problem/context based learning program on evolving professional nursing graduate practice

Graduates' perception of the value of their undergraduate program is a critical component of professional program evaluation and contributes a viewpoint rarely reported in the literature. It has been proposed that Problem Based Learning (PBL) enhances knowledge acquisition, clinical competency and professionalism as a consequence of students assuming the role of registered nurse as they work through real practice situations on a daily basis in the classroom. The purpose of this study was to determine how PBL graduates describe the contribution of the educational experience to their professional practice as nurses. Using focused ethnography, PBL graduates (N=45) participated in the study as individuals or through focus group discussions. Graduates described themselves as: self aware and self directed critical thinkers, patient advocates able to engage in evidence based holistic practice and interdisciplinary team members able to take on leadership roles and handle conflict.     

小组合作性学习对护理本科学生自主学习能力的影响

[目的]探讨小组合作性学习对护理本科学生自主学习能力的影响。[方法]将2009级46名普通班学生设为对照组,将2009级40名急危重症班学生设为实验组,在儿科护理学教学中对照组采用传统教学法,实验组采用小组合作性学习的教学方法,并于课程结束时采用自主学习能力量表评价两组学生的自主学习能力。[结果]实验组学生自主学习能力得分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]小组合作性学习有利于提高护理本科学生的自主学习能力。