血管内超声指导冠脉临界病变介入治疗的应用价值

目的：探讨血管内超声（IVUS）检查在冠状动脉临界病变介入治疗中的应用价值。方法：选择我院130例经冠状动脉造影（CAG）证实为临界病变的患者进行前瞻性研究,随机分为CAG组（95例,接受CAG检查）和IVUS组（35例,先后接受CAG和IVUS检查）。应用量化冠状动脉造影（QCA）分析法和血管内超声定量分析法测量两组最小管腔直径、参考血管直径、直径狭窄率及面积狭窄率的差异,并比较住院期间及随访期间的主要心血管事件（MACE）的发生情况。结果：与CAG组相比,IVUS组的冠脉内膜钙化率[8．4％（8／95）比28．6％（10／35）],直径狭窄率[（43．97±6．53）%比（55．25±7．41）％]及面积狭窄率[（56．48±10．38）％比（69．87±9．97）％]显著升高（P〈0．05）,而最小管腔直径及参考血管直径无显著差异（P〉0．05）。住院期间两组的MACE发生率无差异（P〉0．05）,但自随访1月起IVUS组的MACE发生率显著低于CAG组（2．86％比6．32％,P〈0．05）。结论：血管内超声检查能显著提高冠脉临界病变的检出率,更好地指导冠脉介入治疗,防止并发症,改善预后．     

血管内超声与单纯冠状动脉造影指导下无保护左主干病变介入治疗的疗效对比研究

目的:比较血管内超声(IVUS)和单纯冠状动脉造影指导的无保护左主干冠状动脉疾病(ULMCAD)介入治疗的疗效.方法:回顾性纳入本院2004年1月至2015年12月行ULMCAD介入治疗的患者3960例,其中1568例(39.6％)在IVUS指导下完成左主干支架置入术(IVUS组),其余2392例(60.4％)仅在冠状...     

左主干冠状动脉病变的血管内超声研究

目的 血管内超声评价非严蕈钙化性左主干病变的形态特点,探讨开口和非开口部位形成狭窄的不同机制.方法 2004年10月至2007年10月,共入选造影确诊或可疑的狭窄病变并行血管内超声检查的153例(开口47例,非开口106例)非严重钙化性左主干病变,定性和定量分析血管内超声图像;负性重构定义为重构指数＜0.95.结果 左主干参考节段平均管腔直径和血管(外弹力膜)直径为(4.1±0.8)mm和(5.3士0.8)mm.开口病变的纤维性、钙化性和软斑块分别为70.2%、19.2%和8.5%,而非开口病变为35.8%、43.4%和3.8%,两者差异有统计学意义(P=0.01).总体来说,31.1%病例的最小管腔面积＜6 mm2,其中开口组29.5%,非开口组31.9%(P=0.87).最小管腔面积在两组相似,但非开口组的斑块面积[(13.3±5.4)mm2比(10.8±4.5)mm2,P=0.007]和斑块负荷(61.9%±14.5%比54.8%±15.9%,P=0.020)均显著大于开口组,斑块负荷＞50%的比例更高(84.8%比61.3%,P=0.002).开口病变的重构系数显著低于非开口病变(0.9±0.2比1.0.±0.2,P=0.000),而且负性重构更多见(74.5%和34.9%,P=0.000).logistic回归分析发现,病变部位(OR=4.9,P=0.004)、斑块面积(OR=1.2,P=0.01)和斑块负荷(OR=0.003,P=0.000)是左主干发生重构的独立预测因素.结论 负性重构现象在左主干开口病变中更常见,可能是其狭窄形成的机制之一.狭窄程度不确定的冠状动脉左主干病变需要血管内超声精确评价.     

血管内超声指导冠状动脉左主干介入治疗

在临床实际工作中,诊断冠状动脉(冠脉)左主干(left main coronary artery,LMCA)病变即意味着患者属于高危人群,约占冠脉造影确诊冠心病的4％[1].在单纯药物治疗时代,LMCA病变预后很差, 5年死亡率可高达43％[2].和单纯药物治疗相比,冠脉旁路移植术(coronary artery by...     

经桡动脉介入治疗无保护左主干病变的可行性与安全性研究

目的探讨经桡动脉行无保护左主干病变介入治疗的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析92例行介入治疗的无保护左主干病变患者,其中经桡动脉途径49例,经股动脉途径43例,观察两组患者的临床特征、病变特点、器械选择、并发症及主要心脏不良事件(MACE)。结果临床特征、复杂分叉病变、手术成功率两组之间差异无统计学意义(均为P0.05);支架直径、长度,支架释放压力与最大扩张压力两组之间差异无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。手术时间、投照时间、造影剂用量两组之间差异无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。桡动脉组与股动脉组比较,术后住院时间较短[(2.2±0.4)d比(3.3±0.5)d](P0.01)、局部血管并发症较少[2.0%(1/49)比14.0%(6/43),P0.05]。12个月的随访期间两组MACE率相似[8.2%(4/49)比7.0%(3/43),P=0.83]。结论经桡动脉行无保护左主干病变介入治疗缩短了住院时间,减少了外周血管并发症,具有良好的可行性与安全性。     

左主干急性闭塞急诊介入治疗2例

<正>1临床资料病例1:患者男性,62岁,因持续性胸痛2 h,伴晕厥1次于2011年3月26日入院。患者于2011年3月26日9∶00活动中突然出现胸痛,位于心前区,呈压榨性,巴掌大小,无放射,伴全身大汗,自觉头晕及全身乏力,无恶心、呕吐及腹痛,伴一过性晕厥,无大小便失禁。醒后发觉右侧面部皮肤损伤,仍有胸部疼痛,全身大汗,送入我院急诊。查心电图提示窦性心律,急性广泛前壁心肌梗死。监测中患者突然     

血管内超声在无保护左主干病变介入诊疗中的临床应用

目的探讨血管内超声(IVUS)在无保护左主干病变介入诊疗中的应用价值。方法对入选的85例无保护左主干病变患者行冠状动脉造影(CAG)明确病变,分为IVUS组33例(在药物洗脱支架置入前后行IVUS指导下置入支架治疗),CAG组52例(单纯CAG指导下置入支架治疗)。比较2组对病变程度判断的结果以及置入支架的长度和直径,并对术后12个月随访结果进行比较。结果与CAG组比较,IVUS组术后12个月内主要心血管事件(包括全因死亡,心肌梗死、支架内血栓形成)发生率明显降低(6.1%vs 19.2%,P=0.019)。结论 IVUS较CAG能更精确地反映左主干病变的程度、范围,有利于病情的充分评估及支架选择、支架释放应用,减少术后并发症的发生,提高远期预后。     

经桡动脉入路冠状动脉介入术后血管并发症的超声研究

目的应用血管超声对经桡动脉入路冠状动脉介入术后血管并发症及其发生的危险因素进行研究。方法选择152例拟行经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉造影或介入治疗的患者,应用血管超声于术前及术后1个月测量其右侧桡动脉舒张期内径并结合血流频谱评价有无血管狭窄并发症。结果152例患者中148例(98%)成功经桡动脉行冠状动脉造影和/或介入治疗,所有患者均无动脉血肿、假性动脉瘤或动静脉漏,所有患者均无手部缺血症状。术后出现桡动脉血管并发症21例(局限性狭窄18例,占12·2%;弥漫性狭窄3例,占2·0%)。经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉介入术前后桡动脉内径无明显差别(2·51±0·56mm对2·47±0·60mm,P>0·05)。多元回归分析显示,经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉介入术后1个月出现桡动脉局限性或弥漫性狭窄的危险因素为桡动脉内径与动脉鞘管外径之差、操作时间和糖尿病。结论经桡动脉穿刺冠状动脉介入安全可靠。应用高频超声对桡动脉进行检查,术前有利于导管和动脉鞘的选择,特别是对合并糖尿病的患者更有意义;术后有利于血管并发症的发现。     

左心室收缩功能正常的老年冠心病患者无保护左主干病变PCI治疗预后的影响因素

目的 探讨左心室收缩功能正常（左心室射血分数≥40％）的老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）患者无保护左主干（unprotected left main,ULM）病变经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗预后的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年12月在广西壮族自治区人民医院因ULM接受PCI治疗的左心室收缩功能正常的患者112例的临床资料和冠状动脉造影结果.根据患者的情况分为非老年组（年龄＜60岁）和老年组（≥60岁）,比较两组间的基线资料和冠状动脉造影结果.应用多因素回归分析法观察年龄对ULM介入治疗结果的预测价值.结果 总计入选符合条件的患者112例,其中非老年组42例和老年组70例.老年组糖尿病、高脂血症、吸烟史、既往PCI治疗、主要心脑血管不良事件（MACCE）、术后心肌梗死发生率明显高于非老年组,差异有统计学意义（分别为42.9％ vs.21.1％,P=0.021;40％ vs.11.9％,P=0.040; 28.6％ vs.9.5％,P=0.017;18.6％ vs.4.8％,P=0.038;48.6％ vs.23.8％,P=0.009;22.9％ vs.0％,P=0.001）.Logistics回归分析得出女性、年龄、吸烟史、合并多支血管病变、远端或分叉病变均为主要心脑血管不良事件的独立预测因素.结论 左心室收缩功能正常的患者,其年龄因素是ULM介入治疗预后不良的强力预测因素.     

左主干急性闭塞或狭窄所致急性心肌梗死的急诊介入治疗

目的总结左主干急性闭塞或狭窄所致急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的经验,探讨急诊PCI在此类患者中的安全性和有效性。方法从1995年1月至2004年12月,在1343例急诊PCI中,共有11例梗死相关血管为左主干。11例患者均为男性,年龄43~70岁,平均(56·4±9·2)岁,其中6例(54·5%)入院时即存在严重心原性休克。所有患者均在主动脉内球囊反搏支持下接受急诊PCI治疗。结果8例急诊置入支架,余3例仅行球囊扩张,后者有2例术后接受急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术。住院期间死亡5例(45·5%),存活的6例患者均完成3个月随访,其中4例随访超过2年,1例于术后4年猝死,1例患者术后5年重复造影检查结果良好。对比分析提示术前存在良好的侧支循环可能是影响此类患者急诊PCI术后疗效的因素。结论左主干急性闭塞或严重狭窄所致的AMI患者病情凶险,急性期死亡率高。侧支循环形成与否,治疗策略和预后不同,主动脉内球囊反搏支持下急诊PCI治疗可以挽救部分患者的生命和改善预后,对于侧支循环不良的患者,部分再灌注策略可能为一种有效手段之一,值得进一步研究。     

无保护左主干病变患者经皮介入治疗的即刻及远期疗效分析

目的探讨无保护左主干病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的近、远期疗效。方法解放军总医院2001年12月~2006年8月接受PCI的77例左主干病变的病例资料,2006年8月对上述患者进行随访,包括造影及电话随访。结果即刻成功率100%,无严重术中并发症,住院期间无死亡。术后随访0.5~54(12.95±10.31)个月,其中1例术后6个月行冠状动脉CT检查,支架内无狭窄;20例患者进行了冠状动脉造影检查,1例术后30天出现支架内亚急性血栓;10例分别在1~12个月造影时显示支架内再狭窄,其中4例发生在左主干支架内,其余再狭窄均发生在分叉远端,并分别进行了处理。其余患者进行了电话随访,1例复发心绞痛,接受药物治疗。结论对经过选择的无保护左主干病变患者进行支架置入是可行和安全的,并有良好的近、远期疗效。     

Comparison of early outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention for unprotected left main coronary artery disease in the drug-eluting stent era with versus without intravascular ultrasonic guidance

The aim of this study was to assess the short- and mid-term clinical impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance in 58 patients referred for elective percutaneous treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery disease with drug-eluting stents. The use of intravascular ultrasound, used in 41% of the procedures, was not associated with additional clinical benefit with respect to angiographic-assisted stent deployment.     

Serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound assessment of arterial remodeling in left main coronary artery disease.

Serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to study de novo, nontreated left main coronary arteries (LMCAs) in 31 patients. Using an automated contour detection algorithm, analysis of 7.2 +/- 2.5 mm long segments included arterial, lumen, and plaque volumes and plaque burden (plaque/arterial volumes). During follow-up (7.7 +/- 2.4 months), the percent change in lumen volume correlated with the percent change in arterial volume (r = 0.897, p <0.0001), but not with the percent change in plaque volume (r = 0.066, p = 0.7263). Percent changes in arterial volume correlated with percent changes in plaque + media volume (r = 0.448, p = 0.0115), indicating arterial remodeling. However, there was a spectrum of responses ranging from inadequate remodeling (decrease in lumen volume despite no increase or a decrease in plaque volume: i.e., arterial shrinkage) to overcompensation (an increase in lumen volume despite an increase in plaque volume). Serial volumetric IVUS (1) confirms the existence of both positive and negative remodeling in LMCA, and (2) shows that in moderate LMCA disease, luminal changes resulted primarily from positive versus negative remodeling, not plaque progression and/or regression.     

One-year follow-up after intravascular ultrasound assessment of moderate left main coronary artery disease in patients with ambiguous angiograms.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to correlate angiographic and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings in left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease and identify the predictors of coronary events at one year in patients with LMCA stenoses. BACKGROUND: Significant (> or =50% diameter stenosis [DS]) LMCA disease has a poor long-term prognosis. METHODS: One hundred twenty-two patients who underwent angiographic and IVUS assessment of the severity of LMCA disease and who did not have subsequent catheter or surgical intervention were followed for one year. Standard clinical, angiographic and IVUS parameters were collected. RESULTS: The quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) reference diameter (3.91 +/- 0.76 mm, mean +/- 1 SD) correlated moderately with IVUS (4.25 +/- 0.78 mm, r = 0.492, p = 0.0001). The lesion site minimum lumen diameter (MLD) (2.26 +/- 0.82 mm) by QCA correlated less well with IVUS (2.8 +/- 0.82 mm, r = 0.364, p = 0.0005). The QCA DS measured 42 +/- 16%. During the follow-up period, 4 patients died, none had a myocardial infarction, 3 underwent catheter-based LMCA intervention and 11 underwent bypass surgery. Univariate predictors of events (p < 0.05) were diabetes, presence of another lesion whether treated with catheter-based intervention or untreated with DS > 50% and IVUS reference plaque burden and lesion lumen area, maximum lumen diameter, MLD, plaque area and area stenosis. Using logistic regression analysis diabetes mellitus, an untreated vessel (with a DS > 50%) and IVUS MLD were independent predictors of cardiac events. CONCLUSIONS: In selected patients assessed by IVUS, moderate LMCA disease had a one-year event rate of only 14%. Intravascular ultrasound MLD was the most important quantitative predictor of cardiac events. For any given MLD, the event rate was exaggerated in the presence of diabetes or another untreated lesion (>50% DS).     

无保护左主干病变患者32例经皮冠状动脉介入治疗临床观察

目的:评估无保护左主干冠状动脉(UPLMCA)病变患者行经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾分析2009年9月2013年8月完成的32例行PCI治疗的UPLMCA病变患者的临床资料。结果:32例UPLMCA病变患者中非分叉病变11例,分叉病变21例;所有患者均接受了支架植入术,其中单支架23例,单支架+球囊对吻5例,双支架4例;术中发生迷走反射和边支闭塞致小面积心肌梗死各1例,另1例(SYNTAX评分为37分)于PCI术后4 d死于支架内亚急性血栓形成;出院后随访5~51(22±13)个月,随访率100%,随访期间死亡1例(3%)、发现再狭窄后行靶血管重建3例(9%);住院期间及随访期间总主要心脑血管不良事件发生率19%(6/32)。结论:经选择的UPLMCA病变患者行PCI安全可行,近、中期疗效良好。     

Impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the utility of routine intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation. Background: Stent thrombosis (ST) is a serious complication of PCI with stent implantation for patients presenting with acute MI. Mechanical factors such as incomplete stent expansion and smaller stent diameters are known to correlate with ST and restenosis. IVUS guidance for stent deployment is reported to reduce these events in stable patients. Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 905 consecutive patients who underwent primary PCI for acute MI and were discharged alive. The clinical outcomes of 382 patients who underwent IVUS‐guided PCI were compared to those of 523 patients who did not. Patients who presented with cardiogenic shock and rescue PCI were excluded. The primary composite endpoint of death, MI, and target lesion revascularization at 1‐year follow‐up was systematically indexed and a propensity score was performed with regard to the use of IVUS‐guided PCI. Results: Patients undergoing IVUS‐guided PCI were older, more diabetic and hypertensive, but presented with less history of previous MI. The severity of coronary artery disease was balanced between both groups. The number of treated lesions and stents used was higher in the IVUS‐guided group, with a longer procedural duration. The overall rates of the composite primary outcome were similar (14.5% vs. 14.3%, P = 0.94) as were the rates of definite and probable stent thrombosis at 1 year (2.1% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.99) in the IVUS‐guided and no‐IVUS groups, respectively. After multivariate and propensity score adjustment, IVUS guidance was not an independent predictor for the primary endpoint. Conclusion: This study does not support the routine use of IVUS guidance for stent deployment in patients who present with acute MI and undergo primary PCI. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.