恶性疟原虫FCC-1／HN株EBA-175基因特异序列的克隆及其鉴定

根据恶性疟原虫红细胞结合抗原EBA-175基因编码序列设计并合成一对引物，通过聚合群链反应(PCR)技术对恶性疟原虫FCC-1／HN株的EBA-175基因进行扩增，用HindⅢ和BarnHⅠ同时消化扩增产物，定向克隆PCDN3载体，转化至感受态大肠杆菌TG1，经抗性筛选和质粒大小快速凝胶电泳鉴定初步获得重组克隆，再经PCR鉴定和HindⅢ／BarnHⅠ酶切鉴定，证实所得的重组克隆含有编码恶性疟原虫FCC-1／HN株EBA-175基因部分序列。     

恶性疟原虫FCC1/HN株环子孢子蛋白的原核表达、纯化及其对肝细胞靶向作用的观察

目的从恶性疟原虫FCC1／HN株基因组中扩增得到环子孢子蛋白(circumsporozoite protein,CSP)的全长编码基因,克隆至原核表达载体pET-32c中进行表达纯化,观察重组环子孢子蛋白对肝细胞的结合能力,探讨其作为原发性肝癌基因治疗的靶向分子的可行性。方法根据恶性疟原虫3D7株环子孢子蛋白的编码序列设计一对引物,利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术从恶性疟原虫FCC1／HN株基因组中扩增出CSP的全长编码基因,将其克隆到载体pGEM-T中,通过基因测序加以证实;进一步亚克隆至原核表达载体pET-32c中,在大肠杆菌BL21中用IPTG诱导表达,表达产物用Ni2+螯合柱亲和纯化,采用免疫印迹技术(WB)对纯化的融合蛋白进行免疫反应性检测;采用免疫组化(IHC)技术观察重组环子孢子蛋白对不同组织细胞的结合能力。结果从恶性疟原虫FCC1／HN株基因组中成功扩增到1263 bp的全长CSP基因,该基因在原核系统中经诱导表达出一相对分子质量(Mr)约62×103大小的融合蛋白,表达产物以包涵体的形式存在;通过Ni2+亲和柱纯化获得重组CSP融合蛋白;WB表明,重组CSP融合蛋白能被疟原虫阳性血清特异性识别;免疫组化结果显示重组CSP融合蛋白能够与肝癌和正常肝细胞特异性地结合,与其他组织来源的细胞则未见反应。结论CSP是疟原虫子孢子表面主要的蛋白,重组环子孢子蛋白作为原发性肝癌基因治疗的靶向分子具有一定的潜在应用价值。     

恶性疟原虫丝氨酸重复抗原部分基因的克隆及其鉴定

根据恶心疟原虫丝氨酸重复抗原基因的保守序列。设计并合成了一对寡核苷酸引物，用PCR方法扩增恶性疟原虫云南株(PFD-3／YN）与海南株(FCC-1／HN)丝氨酸重复抗原部分基因片段．经基因序列测定后，将该片段用SmaI SaⅡ双酶消化，克隆于表达载体pR1T2T，并转化大肠杆菌N4830-1，用PCR及酶切法鉴定pR1T2T-SERA重组质业，为丝氨酸重复抗原的表达奠定基础。     

恶性疟原虫红内期PF332抗原基因未知片段的体外扩增与克隆

根据恶性疟原虫FCCI／NH株PF332基因片段5’端巳知序列，设计台成了一条特异引物(SP)；报据PF332基因的结构特点，又设计合成了一条非特异引物(NSP)。应用低严谨PCR技术(LSPCR)，从恶性疟原虫FCC1／FN株基因组DNA中扩增出一系列PF332基因未知片段。利用T-A克隆法将一560bp大小的片段克隆入测序用PMD-18T载体。限制性内切酶酶切及PCR扩增鉴定表明重组正确。     

恶性疟原虫已糖转运体编码基因的体外扩增及克隆

目的：体外扩增恶性疟原虫海南分离株的已糖转运体基因(PfHT1)，并将该基因克隆至pEGFF真核表达载体内使其高效表达，为研究DNA疫苗创造条件。方法：特定PCR引物的设计；恶性疟原虫FCC1／HN株的体外培养；提取基因组DNA；PCR扩增和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析；酶切、连接及PCR分析鉴定。结果：从恶性疟原虫簿南分离株基因组DNA中扩增出特异性的编码FfhTl的基因序列．片段太小为1516bp，克隆鉴定结果表明插人片段大小正确。结论：体外成功扩增出恶性疟原虫PfHTl编码序列，与预期长度相符，并成功构建pEGFF-Htl真核表达载体。为研究其结构、功能和免疫原性奠定基础，     

人骨形成蛋白2基因克隆及真核表达载体的构建

在大肠杆菌中克隆人骨形成蛋白2基因并获得真核表达载体。由人成骨瘤细胞中提取总RNA，利用逆转录PCR方法扩增获得人骨形成蛋白2基因cDNA；将此基因片段重组到pGEM-T克隆载体中，转化到大肠杆菌DH5α后，蓝白斑筛选阳性克隆，利用限制性酶切、PCR扩增和核苷酸序列分析鉴定重组质粒；将pGEM-T克隆载体中人骨形成蛋白2基因重组到pcDNA3．1真核表达载体中，用限制性酶切和PCR扩增鉴定重组质粒。结果表明：重组在两种质粒中的基因片段为人骨形成蛋白2基因全编码序列。克隆获得人骨形成蛋白2基因．并得到此基因的真核表达载体，为人骨形成蛋白2的表达打下了基础。     

恶性疟原虫FCCl／HN株MSAl全基因编码区的体外扩增

恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面蛋白1(MSA1)是抗疟疫苗的候选抗原之一。据已知的MSAl基因序列，自行设计合成了四对引物。应用PCR技术，分四段从恶性疟原虫FCC1／HN株基因组DNA中扩增出垒基因编码区序列。扩增产物经1．2％琼脂塘凝腔电泳鉴定．表明获得了正确的MSA1基因扩增片段。     

恶性疟原虫GLURP基因的体外扩增，克隆及序列分析

通过体外扩增 ,克隆恶性疟原虫海南 (FCC1 HN)株GLURP基因 ,测定其基因序列 ,了解该基因的结构及在FCC1 HN株与其它分离株间的序列差异。根据GLURP基因已知序列设计合成 3对引物 ,用PCR技术从FCC1 HN株基因组DNA中扩增 3个部分序列重叠的GLURP基因片段 ;并分别克隆入测序用PMD 18T载体。用双脱氧链末端终止法测定GLURP基因序列 ,应用软件辅助分析基因结构及进行同源性比较。恶性疟原虫FCC1 HN株GLURP基因全长 3711bp ,编码 12 36个氨基酸。FCC1 HN株与F32株GLURP基因核苷酸序列同源性为 96 2 7% ;编码氨基酸序列同源性为 95 78%。本文为继续进行FCC1 HN株GLURP抗原的免疫原性和保护性研究奠定基础。     

鼠约氏疟原虫yoelii株Pydyn基因的内含子序列分析

本研究测定并分析鼠约氏疟原虫 (Plasmodiumyoeliiyoelii)动力素蛋白基因 (Pydyn) 3′端内含子序列 ,比较约氏疟原虫yoelii虫株的Pydyn基因与约氏疟原虫 17XNL虫株基因组序列内含子间序列的多态性。方法 :应用PCR技术扩增约氏疟原虫动力素蛋白基因 (Pydyn)基因组 3′端序列 ,将其克隆入pGEM TEasy载体。阳性克隆经酶切和PCR鉴定正确后测序 ,并用分子生物学WINSTAR软件进行基因结构和同源性分析。结果 :用PCR方法成功扩增出约 80 0bp的Pydyn基因特定片段 ,阳性克隆经酶切及PCR扩增确定。基因序列分析表明 ,约氏疟原虫yoelii虫株的Pydyn基因含有 3个内含子 ,并且与约氏疟原虫 17XNL虫株基因组序列在内含子间存在着几个变异。结论 :确定了鼠约氏疟原虫动力素蛋白基因 (Pydyn) 3′端内含子序列 ,其内含子具有序列短且AT含量较高的特点 ,两末端的碱基具有一般真核基因内含子共有的剪接位点。多态性分析表明 ,将约氏疟原虫yoelii虫株的Pydyn基因的 3个内含子与人恶性疟原虫动力素基因Pfdyn内含子保守序列相比 ,Pydyn基因内含子上游下游序列具有一定的同源性。另外 ,约氏疟原虫yoelii虫株与约氏疟原虫 17XNL虫株的内含子间存在着多态性 ,存在着几个变异 ,这些变异属于点突变     

恶性疟原虫信号肽肽酶原核表达载体的构建及融合表达蛋白的鉴定

目的构建恶性疟原虫PfSPP基因pMAL-p2x的原核表达载体,并鉴定表达,为其功能研究奠定基础。方法体外培养恶性疟原虫（3D7株和FCR3株）,提取虫体总RNA,进行反转录后,采用RT-PCR扩增PfSPP的全编码区基因,将其克隆入原核表达载体pMAL-p2x,PCR、双酶切鉴定重组质粒,并进行序列测定,将测序正确的重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌进行表达获得MBP-PfSPP融合蛋白,采用Western blotting对表达产物进行鉴定。结果成功构建pMAL-PfSPP,转化菌经诱导表达出分子量约为77 000Mr的MBP-PfSPP融合蛋白,抗MBP多克隆抗体可特异性地识别表达的融合蛋白。结论成功表达具有多个跨膜结构的膜蛋白PfSPP,从而为深入研究PfSPP的酶活性及生物学功能奠定基础。     

Molecular cloning and sequencing of the circumsporozoite protein gene from Plasmodium falciparum strain FCC-1/HN and expression of the gene in Mycobacteria

Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been used as a live bacterial vaccine to immunize more than 2 billion people against tuberculosis. In an attempt to use this vaccine strain as a vehicle for protective antigens, the Plasmodium falciparum gene from strain FCC-1/HN encoding circumsporozoite protein (CSP) was amplified from the P. falciparum genome, sequenced, and expressed in M. bovis BCG under the control of an expression cassette carrying the promoter of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The recombinant shuttle plasmid pBCG/CSP was introduced into mycobacteria by electroporation, and the recombinant mycobacteria harboring pBCG/CSP could be induced by heating to express CSP; the molecular mass of recombinant CSP was about 42 kDa. This report of expression of the almost-full-length P. falciparum CSP gene in BCG provides scientific evidence for the application of the HSP70 promoter in expressing a foreign gene in BCG and in development of BCG as a multivalent vectoral vaccine for malaria.     

Isolation and characterization of a cysteine proteinase gene of Plasmodium falciparum.

We have previously identified a 28-kDa cysteine proteinase of Plasmodium falciparum trophozoites that appears to be an essential malarial hemoglobinase and a potential target for antimalarial chemotherapy. The trophozoite cysteine proteinase (TCP) shares a number of biochemical properties with the lysosomal cysteine proteinase cathepsin L. To isolate the gene encoding TCP, we synthesized degenerate oligonucleotides based on two amino acid sequences of cathepsin L that are well conserved among papain-family cysteine proteinases, and used the oligonucleotides to prime the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with P. falciparum genomic DNA. A 549-bp DNA fragment was amplified by PCR. This fragment was used as a hybridization probe to screen a lambda gt11 library of P. falciparum genomic DNA and isolate a 1.8-kb genomic clone (C1.8) that encoded an intact malarial cysteine proteinase gene. The sequence of C1.8 predicted a 67-kDa protein containing a typical signal sequence, a large pro sequence, and a 26.8-kDa mature proteinase with 37% amino acid identity to cathepsin L. Antisera directed against a peptide encoded by C1.8 recognized a 28-kDa trophozoite protein on immunoblots. In a Northern analysis, C1.8 hybridized predominantly with RNA from rings, the life-cycle stage immediately preceding the trophozoite stage. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the P. falciparum cysteine proteinase gene we have isolated and characterized encodes TCP.     

Variation among circumsporozoite protein genes from rodent malarias

We investigated the effect of long term passage of parasites in naive animals on the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) gene of Plasmodium yoelii. The CSP gene sequence was determined from a non-lethal cloned line of P. yoelii and compared to the CSP gene sequence from a lethal strain of P. yoelii. The two parasite lines were originally derived from the same isolate, but were separated 17 years ago followed by continued passage. The sequence of the CSP gene and its surroundings from the non-lethal line remains identical to that from the lethal isolate except for a deletion within the repeated central domain. This result contrasts with the results obtained by sequencing a number of clones from different geographical field isolates of Plasmodium falciparum where there appears to be rapid accumulation of sense mutations within putative functional domains. These observations are consistent with the suggestion that strong biological pressure in a field environment results in selection of parasite types on the basis of different CSP gene sequences.     

恶性疟原虫海南分离株FCC1/HN有性期特异抗原Pfs48/45基因的克隆与表达

采用基因工程技术,将编码恶性疟原虫有性期特异抗原Ｐｆｓ８／４５的基因克隆到真核表达质粒ｐｃＤ－ＮＡ３,并进行ＤＮＡ序列测定,再通过磷酸钙—ＤＮＡ共沉淀转化法将重组质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｐＦＳ４８／４５导入ＨｅＬａ细胞,建立稳定分泌Ｐｆｓ４８／４５蛋白的阳性克隆株。结果显示,我国海南ＦＣＣ１／ＨＮ株Ｐｆｓ４８／４５抗原基因序列与ＮＦ５４株者高度同源,提示该基因在不同虫株间高度保守,是研制疟疾疫苗的理想靶抗原;在ＨｅＬａ细胞中表达的Ｐｆｓ４８／４５蛋白分子量约为４６／４３．５ｋＤａ双联体蛋白,其表达量占细胞培养上清蛋白总量的１８．２７％。经ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ分析显示,表在蛋白能被配子体免疫鼠血清特异性识别,提示表达的重组蛋白Ｐｆｓ４８／４５具有免疫活性。真核表达系统ｐｃＤＮＡ３／Ｐｆｓ４８／４５／ＨｅＬａ的建立为进一步研究重组Ｐｆｓ４８／４５抗原的免疫原性和保护性奠定基础。     

牛东方泰勒虫P32主要表面蛋白基因的克隆与分析

通过PCR技术从感染吉林株东方泰勒虫的病牛血液中扩增出868bp的表面蛋白P32基因,经测序比较分析发现与韩国株核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为99%和98%。和我国延边株核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为99%和98%。将所得的吉林株东方泰勒虫P32蛋白基因序列提交GenBank,基因注册号为EU047751。     

Strain variation in the circumsporozoite protein gene of Plasmodium falciparum

The complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned circumsporozoite protein gene of the Plasmodium falciparum Wellcome (West African) isolate has been determined. The sequence shows two striking differences from that of the published Brazilian strain; the total number of tandem 12 base pair repeats is 46 compared to 41, and the 5' coding region contains an additional 30 nucleotides. From Southern blot experiments, two out of four cloned Thai lines also have a similar, higher number of repeats. Heterogeneity in the CSP gene repeat region and in the length of the 5' coding region allows the strains to be classed into three groups, with the Wellcome strain being indistinguishable from the Thai line T9-94.     

Structure and expression of the knob-associated histidine-rich protein of Plasmodium falciparum

cDNA clones encoding 473 amino acids of the knob-associated histidine-rich protein (PfHRPI) of Plasmodium falciparum clone FCR-3/A2 (Gambia) have been isolated and sequenced. Although a short region close to the amino terminus of the predicted sequence contains three blocks of six, seven or nine consecutive histidine residues, the most abundant amino acid is lysine. The predicted sequence contains a putative amino-terminal signal sequence and two potential asparagine glycosylation sites. A 1284 bp Sau3A cDNA fragment was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein that was recognized by an anti-PfHRPI monoclonal antibody. Pulsed field gradient electrophoresis indicated that the PfHRPI gene is located on chromosome 2. The PfHRPI gene was present, apparently intact, in knobless parasites derived from one uncloned P. falciparum isolate (St. Lucia). In a knobless derivative of another uncloned isolate (Malayan Camp) and in a cloned knobless line (FCR-3/D4) of a third isolate (Gambian), that part of the gene covered by the cDNA clone has been deleted. Loss of PfHRPI expression may therefore arise via several different mechanisms of gene alteration.     

Proteobacteria-like ferrochelatase in the malaria parasite

A gene encoding the heme biosynthetic enzyme ferrochelatase (FC) was found in the genomic DNA databases of Plasmodium spp. The predicted amino acid sequence of malarial FC is highly conserved and fairly well conserved by comparison with other orthologues. The FC genes of P. falciparum and P. yoelii are transcribed and the mRNAs are processed to encode polypeptides of the expected amino acid sequence. The cloned cDNA for the FC of P. falciparum successfully rescued a FC-null mutant of Escherichia coli, indicating that it encodes an active enzyme. Unlike eukaryotic FCs, the malarial enzyme lacks a characteristic extension at the C-terminus. In addition, the sequence of the malarial FC resembles proteobacterial orthologues rather than eukaryotic enzymes. Strikingly, the malarial FC lacks a bipartite presequence at its N-terminus, unlike delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase of the same organism. This suggests an unusual intracellular distribution of heme biosynthetic enzymes, involving multiple subcellular compartments.     

人脑源性神经生长因子基因克隆及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）以人脑ＤＮＡ为模板,扩增了人脑源性神经营养因子（ＢＤＮＦ）成熟序列的ＤＮＡ 片断并将此ＤＮＡ 片段克隆到载体ＰＢＶ２２０中。对重组质粒进行ＰＣＲ鉴定、限制性酶切分析和序列测定后,确定其为含ＢＤＮＦＤＮＡ 的重组质粒。将该质粒转染到大肠杆菌（ＤＨ５ α）中,通过温度诱导其表达,其表达量占菌体总蛋白的１５％ 。用兔抗人ＢＤＮＦ进行蛋白质印迹分析（Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ）后,在表达产物位置（１４Ｋｄ）出现特异性条带,证实该产物为ＢＤＮＦ     

大鼠Fas配体基因的克隆

目的 研究Ｆａｓ配体（Ｆａｓ ｌｉｇａｎｄ,ＦａｓＬ）在移植免疫方面的作用,克隆其编码的全部ｃＤＮＡ序列,并添加Ｋｏｚａｋ序列,以便在直核细胞高效表达大鼠ＦａｓＬ。方法 从大鼠的睾丸组织中提取总ＲＮＡ。下游引物以ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ的方法扩增出－９３１ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ征段,将这一片段重组于ｐＢＲ－ＲＳＶ载体中,酶切鉴定插人片段正确后进行全列分析。结果 证实该研究所克隆的ｃＤＮＡ是编码正确的大鼠ＦａｓＬ基因,与