潘生丁治疗流行性感冒疗效观察

目的 　观察潘生丁治疗流行性感冒的疗效。方法 　随机选择 12 3例及 10 8例作为治疗组和对照组。两组分别给予潘生丁和利巴韦林进行治疗。 结果 　治疗组平均退热时间为 2 .9d,并发症发生率为 4.87% ;对照组平均退热时间为 3 .9d,并发症发生率为 13 .89%。两组结果在统计学上均有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1和 P<0 .0 2 )。 结论 　潘生丁治疗流行性感冒有较好的疗效 ,既缩短退热时间 ,又减少并发症发生     

潘生丁治疗上呼吸道感染疗效观察

潘生丁是抗血小板凝集及冠状动脉扩张药,近些年来,发现该药有广谱抗病毒作用,且广泛用于治疗上呼吸道感染。为了解其抗病毒效果,我们于2002年11月～2003年2月,用潘生丁治疗上呼吸道感染取得显著疗效,现报道如下:     

潘生丁消炎痛治疗上呼吸道感染疗效观察

多年来潘生丁一直用于治疗心血管疾病,它具有抗凝、扩血管及降血脂作用。近年来,曾有应用该药治疗上呼吸道感染的报道,但未见潘生丁与消炎痛联合应用治疗上呼吸道感染的报道。我们自1990-08～1990-11将二药联合应用治疗小儿上呼吸道感染78例取得满意疗效,观察结果如下。 1 临床表现共观察171例,治疗组78例,对照组93例。年龄4个月至10岁,全部患儿均有不同程度的发热,咽部充血及上呼吸道感染其它症状,末梢血象白细胞的增减及其分类是     

潘生丁、西咪替丁治疗水痘疗效观察

我科于 1997年 3月～ 1999年 12月用潘生丁、西咪替丁治疗水痘 6 0例 ,收到满意疗效 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　病例选择　全部病例为 3～ 10岁确诊为水痘的患儿 ,表现为典型的皮疹 :斑丘疹、疱疹、结痂同时出现 ,呈向心性分布。随机分为治疗组 6 0例 ,男 35例 ,女 2 5例 ,其中发热 5 6例 ;对照组 5 8例 ,男 32例 ,女 2 6例 ,其中发热 5 3例。两组在年龄、性别、治疗前病情等方面无显著差异。1.2　治疗方法　全部病例均用 10 %炉甘石外涂及抗过敏对症治疗。治疗组在一般治疗基础上加用潘生丁 3～ 5 mg/Kg· d与西咪替丁 15～ 2 0 mg/Kg…     

潘生丁试验对老年人冠心病诊断的评价

潘生丁静脉注射诊断冠心病临床应用,近年来国内外受到广泛重视,因为它具有较高特异性和敏感性。因高龄体弱不适于各种运动试验,本试验对老年人冠心病更具有意义。本组从1987年2月至8月对老年人疑似冠心病64例进行DP-T(DipyridamoleTest)筛选试验,同时进行平板车运动试验作对照.结果报告如下。临床资料一.一般资料老年人冠心病心绞痛组33例,年龄60-68岁,平均63岁,男23例,女10例,患者均有劳力型和混合性心绞痛。老年人无心绞痛     

潘生丁联合西咪替丁治疗水痘疗效观察

目的:观察潘生丁联合西咪替丁治疗小儿水痘的疗效。方法:选择2010年11月—2011年4月诊治的25例水痘患儿,随机分为两组,治疗组13例,使用潘生丁与西咪替丁;对照组12例,使用三氮唑核苷。通过比较两组患儿在退热、疱疹干涸结痂、痊愈的天数来判断疗效。结果:潘生丁联合西咪替丁治疗水痘与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组在治疗2~5 d内症状逐渐减轻,5~7 d内脱痂消退。结论:早期使用潘生丁联合西咪替丁治疗水痘有良好的疗效。     

阿司匹林联合潘生丁预防脑梗死疗效观察

目的对应用阿司匹林与潘生丁联合预防脑梗死症状发病的临床效果进行研究分析。方法选160例脑梗死病例的患者,分对照组和治疗组,每组80例患者,对照组采用阿司匹林治疗;治疗组采用阿司匹林与潘生丁联合治疗。结果治疗组患者再发脑梗死的患者人数少于对照组;药物不良反应与对照组相似;接受治疗时间和症状控制时间略短于对照组。结论应用阿司匹林与潘生丁联合预防脑梗死再发病率的临床效果非常明显。     

潘生丁的临床新用途

临床用于治疗冠心病的潘生丁具有一些新的用途,现综述如下: 一、婴幼儿腹泻袁氏将确诊的82例婴幼儿腹泻患者随机分成2组,治疗组54例,对照组28例。治疗     

潘生丁、消炎痛治疗婴幼儿腹泻疗效观察

婴幼儿腹泻是儿科一种常见病,其病原主要是轮状病毒感染,占冬季小儿急性腹泻住院病例的40％—80％。肠道病毒如埃可病毒,柯萨奇病毒和脊髓灰质炎病毒等均可引起腹泻。现在尚缺乏特效治疗。我们于10—10～11—01试用潘生丁、消炎痛治疗婴儿腹泻取得满意疗效,现报告如下。 1 临床资料:10—10～11—01收治婴幼儿腹泻患儿121例,随机分为两组。治疗组67例,对照组54例。年龄在3个月—27个月,入院前病程在1—13天,每日便次均在4次以上,大便性状为水样或蛋花汤样。临床症状、体征及检验结果见表1。     

Comparison of two doses of betaxolol and placebo in hypertension: A randomized,double-blind cross-over trial

Summary Betaxolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker, which has a bioavailability of 90% and a T_1/2 of 20 h. A four group, cross-over double-blind trial was conducted to select between betaxolol 20 mg and 40 mg for long term trials. 60 patients were allocated randomly to one of the sequences placebo-20 mg, 20 mg-placebo, placebo-40 mg and 40 mg-placebo, each treatment lasting for 2 weeks. Groups were homogenous for baseline diastolic blood pressure (DBP), age and male/female ratio, and were slightly unbalanced for weight. A two-way ANOVA (3 treatments, 2 sequences) showed no treatment-sequence interaction nor sequence effect. The mean reduction in DBP was 14.2±1.8 mm Hg following 20 mg and 18.0±1.8 following 40 mg betaxolol, and 4.0±1.2 mm Hg during placebo (p<0.001). Age, weight, baseline DBP and duration of hypertension did not influence the treatment effect. The 95% confidence intervals of the reduction in DBP were 10.4–17.9 for 20 mg and 14.3–21.6 mm Hg for betaxolol 40 mg. Aiming at a mean reduction to 90 mm Hg, betaxolol 20 mg would appear to be adequate in similar patient populations.     

齐拉西酮与氟哌啶醇治疗精神分裂症随机双盲双模拟多中心对照研究

目的:评价齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法:将235例精神分裂症病人随机分为齐拉西酮组(118例)和氟哌啶醇组(117例),齐拉西酮和氟哌啶醇最低日剂量分别定为40 mg·d~(-1)和8 mg·d~(-1),最高日剂量分别限定为160 mg·d~(-1)和20 mg·d~(-1),每日分2次服用。进行为期6 wk的多中心双盲双模拟对照研究。采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、临床总体印象量表(CGI)、不良反应量表(TESS)及有关实验室检查评价疗效和安全性。结果:治疗结束时,2组PANSS评分较入组时均显著减低(P＜0．05);PANSS减分率——齐拉西酮组为(64±s 19)%,氟哌啶醇组为(67±24)%;临床总有效率——齐拉西酮组为81．1%,氟哌啶醇组为80．2%;2组疗效差异无显著意义。不良反应的发生率2组间比较差异无显著意义,但心电图的异常率氟哌啶醇组明显高于齐拉西酮组,差异有显著意义(P＜0．05)。结论:齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效与氟哌啶醇相似,对心电图的影响比氟哌啶醇轻而少,是一种有效、安全的抗精神病药物。     

他克林治疗阿尔采末病:在中国的多中心双盲研究

目的：验证他克林治疗轻至中度阿尔采末病（ＡＤ）的疗效。方法：轻至中度ＡＤ病人６８例完成验证,其中３４例（男性１８例,女性１６例,年龄６７ａ±７ ａ）用他克林自 １０ ｍｇ,ｐｏ, ｑｉｄ起,另外 ３４例（男性 １８例,女性 １６例,年龄 ６７ ａ±９ ａ）用安慰剂（淀粉）自 １０ ｍｇ,ｐｏ, ｑｉｄ起。 ２组每 ６ Ｗｋ日量各增加 ４０ｍｇ,最高日量 ４０ ｍｇ,ｐｏ, ｑｉｄ。总疗程均为２４ ｗｋ。结果：他克林组在认知功能、日常生活及总体疗效方面改善率均显著高于安慰剂组（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０５或０．０１）,他克林副作用主要为胃肠道反应,包括ＡＬＴ升高（１４％）。结论：他克林治疗轻至中度ＡＤ病人有效。     

西洛他唑对冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者脂代谢的影响

目的 观察西洛他唑(CS)对冠心痛(CHD)合并2型糖尿病(2DM)患者脂代谢的影响.方法 80例CHD合并2-DM患者随机分为2组,A组:普伐他汀20 mg每晚1次.B组:普伐他汀20mg每晚1次 西洛他唑50 mg,每日2次;另设健康对照组38例,治疗并随访6个月.于入院第2天及治疗3个月后检测血脂水平.结果 3个月后A、B 2组总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)较治疗前降低(P<0.05);B组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)较治疗前明显升高(P<0.01),TC、LDL-C与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),TC显著低于A组,HDL-C显著升高(P<0.01).B组冠心病加重百分率较A组降低(P<0.05).结论 西洛他唑可降低CHD合并2DM患者的TG水平,并提升HDL-C水平,改善预后.     

苯妥英锌对家兔血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的影响

目的:研究家免口服苯妥英锌(PHTZ)对血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的影响.方法:家兔分别口服PHTZ和苯妥英钠(PHTS)30d(剂量分别为:6,12,24mg·kg-1·d-1),用酶法测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)和三酰甘油(TG)的含量,HDL-C的测定采用磷钨酸镁盐沉淀后同TC测定法,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)用费氏(Friedeuald)公式计算.用原子吸收分光光度法测定服药前后血清及服药后肝中Zn和Cu浓度.结果:PHTZ高、中剂量组分别使血清HDL-C升高76.0%(P＜0.01)和52.1%(P＜0.01),LDL-C分别降低19.7%(P＞0.05)和16.6%(P＞0.05),对TC和TG无显著影响.PHTZ使血清HDL-C升高的ED50为12.7mg·kg-1,PHTS使血清HDL-C提高的ED50为23.7mg·kg-1.PHTZ中剂量组使血清Zn浓度下降29.2%,与血清HDL-C上升的百分数呈负相关(r=-0.303 5,P＞0.05),使肝脏Zn浓度上升56.2%,与血清HDL-C上升的百分数呈正相关(r=0.726 3,P＜0.05),血清和肝脏中Cu无显著变化.结论:PHTZ使家兔血清HDL-C升高比PHTS更明显,ED50比PHTS低,可能与分子结构中的Zn有关.     

Arabinosyladenine monophosphate in genital herpes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in 55 male patients with recurrent herpes simplex genitalis. The 29 patients who received topical arabinosyladenine monophosphate (ara-AMP) showed no significant difference in viral shedding, duration of pain, healing time or development of new lesions as compared to 26 placebo-treated patients. Ara-AMP was well-tolerated when topically applied. Serum neutralizing antibody titers did not change significantly during the acute and convalescent periods of the patient's recurrent HSG attacks. We conclude that ara-AMP, when applied topically as a 10% gel five times a day within 24 h of onset of recurrent HSG, does not influence the virologic and clinical evolution of the recurrent episode.     

国产与进口阿托伐他汀治疗高脂血症的比较

目的:比较国产与进口阿托代他汀治疗高脂血症的疗效。方法:选择原发性高脂血症患者76例,随机分为国产阿托伐他汀(10mg·d~(-1))组和进口阿托伐他汀(10mg·d~(-1))组各38例,均治疗8周。结果:2组治疗4周时总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均开始显著下降(P<0.01),治疗8周高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)开始显著上升(P<0.05),但2组间比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05);不良反应发生率国产组10.5％,进口组7.9％,2组差别无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论:国产阿托伐他汀与进口阿托伐他汀均有明显的调脂效果,两者使用均较安全。     

Sodium Dependence of Nitrofurantoin Active Transport Across Mammary Epithelia and Effects of Dipyridamole,Nucleosides, and Nucleobases

Purpose. The sodium dependence and effects of nucleoside and nucleobase transport inhibitors were determined to ascertain the role of sodium dependent nucleoside or nucleobase transporters in nitrofurantoin active transport across mammary epithelia. Methods. Five lactating female rats received steady-state intravenous infusions of nitrofurantoin with and without the broad-based inhibitor dipyridamole. In the CIT3 murine model of lactation, ¹⁴C-nitrofurantoin basolateral to apical permeability was examined in the presence of varying sodium concentrations, purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleobases, and dipyridamole. Results. Dipyridamole effectively inhibited ¹⁴C-nitrofurantoin flux across CIT3 cells, with K_i = 0.78 M (95% C.I. = 0.11 to 5.3 M) and significantly decreased the milk-to-serum ratio of nitrofurantoin from 29.2 5.0 to 11.0 6.3 without changing systemic clearance. Nitrofurantoin active transport was significantly inhibited by complete sodium replacement. Adenosine and guanosine significantly inhibited nitrofurantoin permeability (54.5 2.6 (l/hr)/cm² and 50.7 0.6 (l/hr)/cm², respectively, vs. control 90.5 4.6 (l/hr)/cm²) but uridine, thymidine, and the nucleobases had no effect. Conclusions. Nitrofurantoin active transport was sodium dependent and inhibited by dipyridamole, adenosine, and guanosine, but known sodium dependent nucleoside or nucleobase transporters were not involved.     

A double-blind dose-determination study with flutroline: A new neuroleptic

In a 4-wk double-blind clinical trial four doses (1, 5, 10, and 20 mg) of flutroline were compared in newly admitted schizophrenic patients. Although there were few statistically significant differences among the four dosage groups, there were at least five indications of greater thereapeutic effectiveness in the higher dosages. The most favorable changes were seen in the 20-mg group, which was the only group to show improvement in all five factors of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and in which a significant elevation of serum prolactin level occurred at a 6-hr post-dose sampling. In a previous clinical trial in which three different daily doses of flutroline (1, 20, and 100 mg) were compared, 20 and 100 mg were found to be equal in their therapeutic effects and superior to 1 mg. Since no dosage between 1 and 20 mg were employed, the possibility that therapeutic effects with flutroline may already be present in daily doses below 20 mg could not be ignored. While the present findings are in favor of this contention, they also indicate that therapeutic efficacy with 20 mg is greater than with 1-, 5-, or 10-mg daily doses.     

Differential effects of escitalopram on attention: a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over study

Rationale

The role of serotonin (5-HT) in attention is not fully understood yet.

Objective

We aimed to investigate whether attention is modulated after treatment with escitalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

Methods

We administered 10 mg of escitalopram to 20 healthy subjects in a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over design for 1 day or to another 20 participants for a period of 7 days. Attention was assessed at time of plasma peak escitalopram concentration using the computerised Attention Network Test (ANT), which is a combined flanker and cued reaction time task.

Results

The results showed differential effects of serotonergic manipulation on attention depending on sequence of intake. For the acute treatment, we found significant differences between escitalopram and placebo for all warning conditions dependent of sequence of intake: participants receiving escitalopram as first treatment showed significant slower reaction times in all warning conditions as compared with placebo while participants receiving escitalopram as second treatment showed significant faster reaction times as compared with placebo. For the sub-chronic treatment, we found significant differences between escitalopram and placebo depending on sequence of intake, but only for the flanker condition: participants receiving escitalopram first had significant slower reaction times in incongruent trials with escitalopram as compared with placebo while participants starting with placebo had significant shorter reaction times in incongruent trials with escitalopram.

Conclusions

Thus, the results showed a differential effect of escitalopram in cognition, especially in attention, and are discussed with regard to an interaction between serotonin and familiarity with the attention test.