Genetic diagnosis of phenylketonuria: identification of the mutations of phenylalanine hydroxylase gene by PCR direct sequencing]

To investigate the mutations of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene in Orientals, direct sequencing was conducted on DNA fragments amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, using solid phase technology involving the biotin-streptavidin system. Four mutations possibly associated with phenylketonuria (PKU) were identified in a Chinese and four Japanese patients. A novel Arg158 (CGG)-to-Trp158 (TGG) mutation was identified in exon 5 of the PAH gene in a Chinese PKU patient. The second change was due to a G-to-A transversion at the last base of intron 4. The third change was a compound heterozygote; one mutation was a G-to-A transversion at the last base of intron 4. The other was a G-to-C transversion at the second base of codon 413, which resulted in a substitution of Arg(CGC) by Pro(CCC) in exon 12. The last change was due to a Tyr204(TAT) -to-cys204(TGT) mutation in exon 6 of the PAH gene in two Japanese. This preliminary study revealed a novel PKU mutation and considerable genetic heterogeneity in the PAH gene among Orientals.     

脂蛋白（a）在主动脉粥样硬化病变中的定位与定量研究

脂蛋白（ａ）［Ｌｉｐｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ（ａ），Ｌｐ（ａ）］是动脉粥样化中的独立危险因子，我们采用免疫组织化学技术、免疫电镜技术、酶联免疫吸附法及图像分析技术，研究了正常及不同程度动脉粥样硬化病变的尸检主动脉中Ｌｐ（ａ）分布的量及形式。结果显示：动脉粥样硬化血管壁Ｌｐ（ａ）含量显著增高，各不同病变区域Ｌｐ（ａ）有其独特的分布规律，Ｌｐ（ａ）主要位于细胞外基质中，只在少数泡沫细胞内才发现有Ｌｐ（ａ）。Ａ     

Multicenter evaluation of the performance characteristics of the NucliSens HIV-1 QT assay used for quantitation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA

The analytical performance of the NucliSens HIV-1 QT assay, a highly sensitive test based on nucleic acid sequence-based amplification technology, was evaluated in a multicenter trial. Assay specificity was evaluated with 502 plasma (EDTA) specimens from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seronegative volunteer donors. No HIV-1 RNA was reported in any of the donor specimens. Analytical sensitivity and reproducibility were estimated with panels prepared from a high-titer well-characterized HIV-1 RNA stock (5.84 x 10(8) RNA copies/ml). The assay's dynamic range was linear from 10(6) to 10(1) HIV-1 RNA copies, with a lower detectable limit of 25 copies/ml and a 95% detection rate of 176 copies/ml. Sensitivity of the assay to detect HIV-1 RNA in clinical specimens from patients (n = 101) and in commercially available or prepared panels (n = 24) was compared with NASBA HIV-1 RNA QT (an earlier version of NucliSens HIV-1 QT) and with the Food and Drug Administration-approved standard and ultrasensitive AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR, version 1.0, assays. Detection of HIV-1 RNA was reproducible over a 5-log range (mean standard deviation = 0.15 log). The NucliSens and the standard AMPLICOR assays were equivalent in detection of HIV-1 RNA (concentration, 10(3) to 10(5) copies/ml) in 57 clinical specimens. The NucliSens assay was more sensitive in detecting HIV-1 RNA at lower concentrations (相似文献   

Transport of calcium in the perfused submandibular gland of the cat

1. In the perfused cat submandibular gland efflux and influx of (45)Ca, and concentrations of K, (40)Ca and Mg in the effluent from the gland were measured under different experimental conditions.2. When the standard perfusion fluid was shifted to a high Mg (5 mM) or a low Ca (0.25 mM) solution the efflux of (45)Ca from the pre-labelled gland declined. The magnitude and the duration of the effect of the high Mg concentration was more marked at a low external Ca concentration and was abolished by Mersalyl (1 mM). When the standard perfusion fluid was shifted to a Mg-free solution the efflux of (45)Ca from the pre-labelled gland increased.3. After shift of (45)Ca containing perfusion fluid from normal to a high Mg (5 mM) solution the influx of (45)Ca to the gland increased rapidly.4. Both acetylcholine (ACh) and adrenaline caused a marked increase in the efflux of (45)Ca from the pre-labelled gland. This increase in efflux was also seen under conditions where the gland was unable to secrete, i.e. during perfusion with Ca-free and Na-free tetraethylammonium Locke solutions.5. Stimulation with ACh failed to reveal any rapidly occurring increase in influx of (45)Ca.6. Stimulation with ACh evoked a small temporary increase in the concentration of (40)Ca. and Mg in the effluent.7. It is suggested that Ca uptake by intracellular Ca-accumulating systems of the submandibular gland depends on the external Mg concentration and that ACh and adrenaline cause a release of Ca bound intracellularly.     

Variation in the permeability properties of the inhibitory post-synaptic membrane of the crayfish neuromuscular junction when activated by different concentrations of GABA

1. The membrane conductance of the crayfish muscle was measured with intracellular micro-electrodes. Increase in the membrane conductance induced by various concentrations of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) was measured in the Br(-), NO(3) (-), I(-) and CNS(-) solutions and compared with that in Cl(-) solution. When the membrane was activated by lower concentrations of GABA, the resulting membrane conductance in NO(3) (-) and I(-) solutions was larger than in Cl(-) solution, while the membrane conductance activated by higher concentrations in NO(3) (-) and I(-) solutions were smaller than in Cl(-) solution. The membrane conductance activated by GABA was larger in Br(-) solution and smaller in CNS(-) solution than the membrane conductance activated in Cl(-) solution, throughout the concentration range of GABA examined.2. The reversal potential of inhibitory junctional potentials (i.j.p.s) was measured shortly after replacing Cl(-) by foreign anions: Br(-), NO(3) (-), I(-) and CNS(-). In I(-) solution the i.j.p.s produced by lower stimulation frequencies showed a reversal potential at a more hyperpolarized level than those produced by higher stimulation rates.3. Shortly after replacing Cl(-) by I(-), the GABA potential induced by iontophoretic application showed a triphasic potential change at the ;reversal' potential. The reversal level of the GABA potential produced by smaller doses was at a more hyperpolarized level than that produced by larger doses.4. Possibilities of a concentration effect of GABA are discussed. It is suggested that the relative permeability of the crayfish inhibitory membrane to anions changes depending on the concentration of GABA.     

CT数字重建技术测量经骶椎后方骶髂关节螺钉固定应用解剖参数

目的 测量经骶椎后方骶髂关节螺钉（sacroiliac screw passing the back of sacrum,SISPTBOS）固定的相关解剖参数,为临床应用提供依据。 方法 分析32例骨盆正常的成人三维CT重建图像,观察SISPTBOS钉道范围,采用CT数字重建技术模拟植入SISPTBOS,测量钉道有关解剖参数,包括钉道长度（L）、进针点与S1上关节中央的距离（M1）、出针点与髋臼后上缘的距离（M2）、前倾角（e）、外倾角（f）、矢状面安全角（a）、冠状面安全角（b）、矢状面钉道最小直径（d1）和冠状面钉道最小直径（d2）。 结果 钉道内侧壁为弓状线,外侧壁为椎管后外侧壁和髂骨外层,下壁为S1骶孔与坐骨切迹的连线,上壁为骶骨翼斜坡、骶髂关节表面和大骨盆底部。L为（11.90±1.62） cm,M1为（2.07±1.40） mm,M2为（4.78±2.57） mm,e为（57.97±4.28）°,f为（54.89±5.13）°,a为（11.45±2.73）°,b为（7.46±1.34）°,d1为（8.57 ± 0.99）mm,d2为（6.75±0.84） mm。男女比较,仅e和f存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。 结论 可选择直径5.0~6.0 mm、长度9~10 cm螺钉作为SISPTBOS固定。该通道植入螺钉可行,较为安全。     

Stimulation of Na-K-2Cl cotransporter in neurons by activation of Non-NMDA ionotropic receptor and group-I mGluRs

In a previous study, we found that Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter in immature cortical neurons was stimulated by activation of the ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. In this report, we investigated whether the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter in immature cortical neurons is stimulated by non-NMDA glutamate receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Expression of the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1 and 5) was detected in cortical neurons via immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining. Significant stimulation of cotransporter activity was observed in the presence of both trans-(+/-)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD) (10 microM), a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist, and (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) (20 microM), a selective group-I mGluR agonist. Both trans-ACPD and DHPG-mediated effects on the cotransporter were eradicated by bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-AM, a Ca(2+) chelator. In addition, DHPG-induced stimulation of the cotransporter activity was inhibited in the presence of mGluRs antagonist (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA) (1 mM) and also with selective mGluR1 antagonist 7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-carboxylate ethyl ester (CPCCOEt) (100 microM). A DHPG-induced rise in intracellular Ca(2+) in cortical neurons was detected with Fura-2. Moreover, DHPG-mediated stimulation of the cotransporter was abolished by inhibition of Ca(2+)/CaM kinase II. Interestingly, the cotransporter activity was increased by activation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor. These results suggest that the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter in immature cortical neurons is stimulated by group-I mGluR- and AMPA-mediated signal transduction pathways. The effects are dependent on a rise of intracellular Ca(2+).     

Differential distribution of melatonin receptors in the pituitary gland of Xenopus laevis

A major target site for melatonin action is thought to be the pituitary gland. We have detected differential expression and co-localization of the Mel(1a) and Mel(1c) receptors in cells of the Xenopus laevis pituitary gland. Sections of Xenopus pituitary glands were labeled with Mel(1a) and/or Mel(1c) antibodies, in combination with antibodies to arginine vasotocin (AVT), alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), prolactin (PRL), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Mel(1a) immunoreactivity was localized to cells of the pars intermedia and to elements within the pars nervosa. Mel(1c) immunoreactivity was also localized to the pars nervosa, and significant labeling was also observed in discrete clusters of cells in the pars distalis. Mel(1a) was absent from the pars distalis, while Mel(1c) was absent from the pars intermedia. Mel(1a) and Mel(1c) were co-localized in the pars nervosa. AVT was present in the pars nervosa, and appeared to be localized to the cell clusters of the pars distalis in which the Mel(1c) receptor was localized. alpha-MSH co-localized with the Mel(1a) receptor in the pars intermedia. LH appeared to localize to many of the cells in the pars distalis, with the notable exception of the Mel(1c) receptor-positive clusters of cells. PRL did not appear to co-localize with either melatonin receptor. The pattern of differential expression of the Mel(1a) and Mel(1c) receptors suggests that the receptors specifically mediate the cellular response to melatonin binding in the specific cell populations.     

Comparison of the oral health status and salivary flow rate of asthmatic patients with those of nonasthmatic adults – results of a pilot study

The oral health status and stimulated salivary flow rate of 33 adult asthmatic outpatients were compared with those of 33 nonasthmatic controls. The groups were matched by age and sex, and an adjustment for education was made in the statistical analysis. In the oral examination, a small difference in the prevalence of caries was observed when the sums of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMPT) were compared. The mean (SD) crude DMFT score was 20.1 (.5.8) in the asthma group and 18.4 (7.6) in the control group. A statistically significant difference was seen in the amount of periodontal inflammation and in the stimulated salivary flow rate between the groups. The mean (SD) crude periodontal status index (PSI) was 52.7% (23.8%) in the asthmatics and 37.1% (20.4%) in the controls. TTie 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the difference in adjusted means of PSI ranged from 0.1% to 21.9% (P=0.05). In the stimulated salivary flow rate, crude mean values were 1.0 (0.5) ml/min and 1.3 (0.5) ml/min. respectively, and the 95% CI for the difference was from 0.05 ml/min to 0.57 ml/min (P=0.01). Mucosal lesions in the oral cavity were found in 15 asthmatics (45%) and in eight controls (24%). In conclusion, the results of this study support the hypothesis that adult asthmatics have a higher risk of oral diseases than nonasthmatic subjects.     

Determination of elimination of pefloxacin and of its derivatives in continuous hemodiafiltration

Continuous venovenous hemofiltration with dialysis (CVVHD) is being increasingly used to treat acute renal failure. However, because of the-lack of data on the clearance of therapeutic agents during this treatment, there is a risk of using inappropriate dosages. This in vitro study was undertaken to determine the clearance of pefloxacin (P) and its two main metabolites (active N-desmethyl P and inactive N-oxide P) during CVVHD. Acitrate-dextrose (ACD) anticoagulated fresh human blood containing P and its two metabolites in the usual therapeutic levels was circulated at a rate of 100 ml min.-1 through a closed-circuit continuous venovenous hemofiltration with dialysis unit (BSM 22-Hospal hemofilter). Temperature and ionic composition of the blood were controlled. Dialysate (L2D, Hospal) was circulated on the other side of the continuous venovenous hemofiltration with dialysis membrane at three different flow rates (Qdi) (0, 500 and 1,000 ml.h-1. The dialysate/ultrafiltrate outflow was adjusted using a withdrawal pump to obtain nul ultrafiltration. Arterial blood, venous blood and ultrafiltrate were sampled simultaneously at different time points for High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) assays and determination of the clearances (Cl) and sieving coefficients (s) of each compound. Pefloxacin had a sieving coefficient of 0.42 and a clearance of 6.8 ml min-1 when Qdi was nul. With the blood flow used, clearances were found to be correlated with the dialysate flow rate; when this rate was 500 ml h-1, a pefloxacin clearance similar to that seen in healthy subjects was obtained (15.2 ml min-1). The two bacteriologically active forms of the drug (pefloxacin and N-desmethyl P) had similar elimination parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

High frequency of Coxsackie-B-virus-specific IgM in children developing type I diabetes during a period of high diabetes morbidity

Twenty-four consecutive children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were investigated for a history of infectious disease. Thirteen of the 24 (54%) patients reported symptoms of acute infection within two months before diabetes was diagnosed. The mean age was 8.5 years and 15 (63%) of the patients were girls. No clear seasonal variation in onset was seen. Coxsackie B (CB)-virus-specific IgM responses were detected by reverse radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 16 of the 24 (67%) patients on the day of diagnosis of IDDM. The highest titre was usually recorded at that time, but with some the highest titre was found with a second serum obtained three to seven weeks after diagnosis. Thereafter the titres declined, and after six months IgM was detected only in a few patients. Thirteen patients displayed monotypic IgM responses, whereas three patients showed ditypic responses. Among the former, IgM was recorded against Coxsackie B4 (CB4) in four, B5 (CB5) in three, B1 (CB1) in two, B2 (CB2) in two, and B3 (CB3) in two patients. The ditypic responses were against CB2 and CB3, CB3 and CB4, and CB5. No CB-virus-specific IgM was detected in sera, found during the same period, from age-matched nondiabetic children without evidence of infection. In neutralisation (NT) tests, antibodies to the homotypic virus were found in 12 of the 16 diabetic patients showing CB-virus-specific at the time of diagnosis. A significant rise in NT titre was demonstrated in three of these patients. No significant clinical difference was noted between IgM positive and IgM negative patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Preparation of germanium apatite and its cytotoxicity

Germanium apatite was synthesized via the solid-state reaction between GeO(2) and (NH(4))(3)PO(4). The synthesized materials were characterized using XRD, and thermal analysis was carried out using TG-DTA. Ge(2)P(2)O(7) was preferentially produced at temperatures between 300-900 degrees C, and at temperatures above 1000 degrees C, germanium apatite (Ge(5)O(PO(4))(6), GeAp) was synthesized. In solubility tests, 0.36% and 0.65% of Ge ions were liberated from GeAp powder in distilled water at 37 and 80 degrees C after four weeks, respectively. A GeAp aqueous solution maintained at 37 degrees C was strongly acidic with a pH=1.67 after four weeks. The growth rate of human adult gingival fibroblast cells in a medium that included GeAp, HA, and GeO(2) was investigated. The growth rate of the cells in a 0.1 mg/ml GeAp medium was almost the same as that in the control. The cell growth was restricted in a 1.0 mg/ml GeAp medium, whereas the cell growth in a pH-adjusted 1.0 mg/ml GeAp medium at pH=7.60 was higher than that in non-adjusted medium at pH = 7.06.     

Distribution of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor isotypes and ryanodine receptor isotypes during maturation of the rat hippocampus

Activation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (InsP(3)Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) can lead to the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and propagating Ca(2+) waves. Previous studies of these proteins in neurons have focused on their distribution in adult tissue, whereas, recent functional studies have examined neural tissue extracted from prenatal and young postnatal animals. In this study we examined the distribution of InsP(3)R isotypes 1-3 and RyR isotypes 1-3 in rat hippocampus during postnatal maturation, with a focus on InsP(3)R1 because it is most prominent in the hippocampus. InsP(3)R1 was observed in pyramidal cells and granule cells, InsP(3)R2 immunoreactivity was observed in perivascular astrocytes and endothelial cells, and InsP(3)R3 immunoreactivity was detected in axon terminals located in stratum pyramidale of CA1 and microvessels in stratum radiatum. RyR1 immunolabeling was enriched in CA1, RyR2 was most intense in CA3 and the dentate gyrus, and RyR3 immunolabeling was detected in all subfields of the hippocampus, but was most intense in stratum lacunosum-moleculare. During maturation from 2 to 10 weeks of age there was a shift in InsP(3)R1 immunoreactivity from a high density in the proximal apical dendrites to a uniform distribution along the dendrites. Independent of age, InsP(3)R1 immunoreactivity was observed to form clusters within the primary apical dendrite and at dendritic bifurcations of pyramidal neurons. As CA1 pyramidal neurons matured, InsP(3)R1 was often co-localized with the Ca(2+) binding protein calbindin D-28k. In contrast, InsP(3)R1 immunolabel was never co-localized with calbindin D-28k immunopositive interneurons located outside of stratum pyramidale or with parvalbumin, typically found in hippocampal basket cells, suggesting that InsP(3)R1s do not play a role in internal Ca(2+) release in these interneurons. These findings should help to interpret past functional studies and inform future studies examining the characteristics and consequences of InsP(3)R-mediated internal Ca(2+) release and Ca(2+) waves in hippocampal neurons.     

Preparation of magnetic dye affinity adsorbent and its use in the removal of aluminium ions

Aluminium has recently been considered as a causative agent in dialysis encephalopathy, osteodystrophy, and anemia occuring in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study is to prepare magnetic poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (mPHEMA) adsorbent and to investigate it's useability for the removal of Al(III) ions from drinking and dialysis water. Magnetic PHEMA beads in a size range 80-120 microm were produced by a dispersion polymerization technique. Then Alizarin Red was covalenlty attached onto the mPHEMA beads. Al(III) adsorption from aqueous solutions was examined by batch system. mPHEMA beads were characterized by swelling tests, electron spin resonance (ESR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis. Important results obtained in this study are as follows: the swelling ratio of mPHEMA beads was 34%. The presence of magnetite in the polymeric structure was confirmed by ESR. The mPHEMA beads have a spherical shape and porous structure. Alizarin Red loading was 135.8 micromol g(-1) polymer. The maximum Al(III) adsorption was 722 micromol g(-1) polymer at pH 5.0. Non-specific Al(III) adsorption was about 23 micromol g(-1) polymer under the same conditions. High desorption ratios (98%) were achieved by using 0.1 M HNO3. It was possible to reuse the beads without significant loss of Al(III) adsorption capacity.     

Disruption of conditioned taste aversion by ECS: the role of lithium chloride

Rats were taught a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) by pairing a 10% sucrose solution (CS) with lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced poisoning (UCS). The CS-UCS interval was 30 min. The LiCl dose (20 ml/kg) was either strong (0.15 M) or weaker (0.075 M). Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) (80 mA for 600 msec) was interpolated within the CS-UCS interval at either 15 or 30 min. ECS caused a significant disruption of CTA only when the aversion was established with the weaker dose of LiCl. There was also no indication that interference with CTA was dependent upon close temporal contiguity between the ECS and LiCl. In a second experiment a CTA was established with LiCl (0.15 M) which was heated to 45 degrees C. Under these conditions ECS produced a similar disruption of learning to that when the UCS was the weaker dose of LiCl (0.075 M). The results suggest that an apparent differential loss of learning within the CS-UCS interval described in a previous report was accidentally created when some groups of animals were poisoned with warm and others with cold LiCl.     

Prediction of plasma hemoglobin concentration by near-infrared spectroscopy

The estimation of plasma hemoglobin concentration (Hb) is among one of the daily activities in the practice of clinical anesthesiology. The near-infrared spectroscopy of the brain (rSO(2)) represents a balance between cerebral oxygen delivery and consumption. This study was designed to assess the value of rSO(2) in the prediction of the Hb level while other variables were mathematically controlled. Thirty healthy adult patients undergoing spine surgery, expected to have a moderate degree of intraoperative bleeding, were enrolled in this study. General anesthesia was given and ventilation was mechanically controlled. Measurement of Hb and PaCO(2) were performed at random periods of time. We obtained a total of 97 data combinations for the 30 study patients. The Hb was regressed by independent variables including rSO(2) and PaCO(2). A multilinear regression analysis was performed and the final regression equation was expressed only with statistically significant variables. The measured Hb was tightly regressed with three variables. The final regression equation was Hb=+8.580+0.238.rSO(2)-0.338.PaCO(2)-0.004.anesthetic exposure duration (Tmin) (p=0.000, r(2)=0.809). Near-infrared spectroscopy was shown to be a valuable predictor of plasma Hb in the clinical anesthesiology setting.     

Lack of association of apolipoprotein E polymorphism with plasma Lp(a) levels in the Chinese

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism and its influence on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and apolipoproteins was studied in 536 (270 males and 266 females) healthy Chinese in Singapore. From analysis of variance with age and BMI as covariates, apoE genotype was found to exert a significant influence on plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apoB in females. Its effect in males was marginally significant only on LDL-C. In both sexes, plasma TC, LDL-C and apoB were lower in those who were E2-3 than in those who were E3-3. There was no significant difference in log-transformed Lp(a) level between the apoE genotypes after adjusting for the confounding effect of LDL-C in addition to age and BMI. The percentage variance (R2times100) of the lipid traits explained by apoE polymorphism in the females was 4.94% for plasma TC, 5.85% for LDL-C and 4.25% for apoB. We conclude that: 1) ε2 allele had a lowering effect on plasma TC, LDL-C and apoB; 2) apoE polymorphism did not have any significant influence on Lp(a) concentration; and 3) the effect of apoE polymorphism on plasma TC, LDL-C and apoB was gender-specific, with a stronger influence in females than in males.     

Mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrenyl-1-sulfate in the Ames test.

Comparison of the mutagenicity of nine isomeric benzo(a)pyrenyl [B(a)P] phenols conjugated with either sulfate or glucuronide was carried out using strain Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Of the nine conjugates tested, only B(a)P-1-sulfate was mutagenic. Accordingly, the mutagenicity of B(a)P-1-sulfate was compared with that of B(a)P and 1-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P-1-OH] in the presence and absence of rat lung S9 and Aroclor-induced liver S9 with and without an NADPH-generating system. B(a)P-1-sulfate was slightly mutagenic, whereas B(a)P and the 1-hydroxy derivative were nonmutagenic when S9 fractions and NADPH were omitted. Addition of induced liver S9 with NADPH caused mutagenicity with B(a) -1-OH greater than B(a)P greater than B(a)P-1-sulfate. B(a)P-1-sulfate was the only mutagenic species when lung S9 was added. This mutagenicity did not require NADPH. Sodium sulfite, an inhibitor of arylsulfatase, decreased the mutagenicity of B(a)P-1-sulfate. These data suggest that a unique mutagenic species is generated from B(a)P-1-sulfate via arylsulfatase in rat lung.     

同型半胱氨酸电极的研制及其测定性能研究

建立一种血浆中同型半胱氨酸（HCY）的含量测定方法。以 HCY 为目标分子，α－甲基丙烯酸为功能单体，乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯作交联剂，偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）作为引发剂，制备了 HCY 分子印迹模板，并以此为电活性物质研制了 HCY 电极，用以建立血液中 HCY 的测定方法。HCY 在5×10－3 mol ／L ～5×10－5 mol ／L 范围内与电池电动势呈现良好的 Nernst 响应，r 为0．9992，并用大鼠血浆进行了加样回收，平均回收率为101．3％，RSD 为2．71％。HCY 电极响应性能良好，可用于真实样品的测定。