深低温停循环三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架植入治疗老年急性A型主动脉夹层的疗效

目的探讨深低温停循环三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架植入治疗老年急性A型主动脉夹层的临床效果。方法 2010年2月至2011年12月,16例老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者,〔平均(64.25±4.49)〕岁;男性12例,女性4例在全身麻醉体外循环下先进行近心端操作,降温至20℃时,停体外循环,选择性脑灌注,术中直视植入三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架重建主动脉弓,主干支架血管近端与替换近端升主动脉的人造血管端吻合。结果全组无手术死亡,所有患者术中都顺利植入三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架。本组体外循环时间(181.88±26.51)min,心肌阻断时间(81.69±14.58)min,停循环时间(8.75±7.04)min,选择性脑灌注时间(35.19±5.89)min。术后胸腔及心包积液引流量(812.19±357.29)ml。住院期间死亡1例,死因为术后急性肾衰竭。15例患者定期门诊随访,无死亡和需要再次手术病例,无与覆膜支架相关的并发症发生。复查主动脉增强血管CT(CTA)提示:主干支架血管及分支血管通畅,无扭曲,主动脉弓和胸降主动脉假腔部分血栓形成。结论老年主动脉夹层病情凶险,深低温停循环三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架植入治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层可简化主动脉弓部手术,降低手术风险,适合老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的治疗,效果满意。但手术例数尚少,长期效果尚需进一步观察。     

三分支支架血管在急性A型主动脉夹层全主动脉弓重建术中的应用

目的探讨应用三分支支架血管进行急性A型主动脉夹层全主动脉弓重建的可行性。方法对3例急性A型主动脉夹层需全主动脉弓重建的患者实施术中直视下三分支支架血管置入。当鼻咽温度降至23℃时,停止下半身灌注,于无名动脉近端横断升主动脉,经此切口将三分支支架血管置入主动脉弓和降主动脉真腔内,并将其分支支架血管依次置入左锁骨下动脉、左颈总动脉和无名动脉。将主干支架血管近端与无名动脉近端的升主动脉切口重建后与替换近端升主动脉的人造血管端端吻合。结果3例患者术中顺利地置入三分支支架血管。术后无并发症,均痊愈出院。术后电子束CT检查结果示：主干支架血管及其分支支架血管通畅,三分支支架血管均无扭曲,三分支支架血管置入部位的主动脉夹层假腔闭合。结论应用三分支支架血管直视置入进行急性A型主动脉夹层患者的全主动脉弓重建是可行的。这种方法避免于常规全主动脉弓替换术中的主动脉弓三分支血管吻合和左锁骨下动脉远端较深部位的远端人造血管一降主动脉的吻合,从而简化了全主动脉弓的重建,并提高了手术的安全性。     

升主动脉替换联合三分支支架血管术中植入治疗急性A型主动脉夹层

目的报道升主动脉人造血管替换联合三分支支架血管术中植入治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的初步经验。方法 2008年6月至2009年9月20例急性A型主动脉夹层患者接受了升主动脉人造血管替换和三分支支架血管植入术。当体外循环鼻咽温度降至20℃时,停止下半身灌注,经无名动脉近端升主动脉横断切口,将三分支支架血管植入主动脉弓和近端胸降主动脉真腔内,并将其分支支架血管依次植入左锁骨下动脉、左颈总动脉和无名动脉。将主干支架血管的近端与无名动脉近端的升主动脉切口重建后与替换近端升主动脉的人造血管端端吻合。结果所有患者术中均顺利地植入三分支支架血管,平均体外循环时间(163.2±19.21)min、心肌阻断时间(89.4±10.02)min、低流量选择性脑灌注和下半身缺血时间为(32.7±6.63)min。术后出现短暂性神智障碍1例,急性肾功能衰竭1例。20例患者均痊愈出院。术后3个月电子束CT检查结果示:主干支架血管及分支支架血管通畅、无扭曲;支架血管植入部位夹层假腔闭合;16例患者远端胸降主动脉夹层假腔闭合。结论三分支支架血管术中植入是简化急性主动脉夹层患者主动脉弓重建、提高手术安全性的一种有效新方法。主要适应证为弓内内膜无破口而需主动脉弓重建的急性A型主动脉夹层患者。支架血管大小、分支支架血管间的距离的选择和放置过程中避免内膜损伤时术中三分支支架血管成功放置的关键。     

杂交手术治疗Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层

目的:总结应用常温非体外循环下升主动脉-主动脉弓分支血管搭桥及主动脉弓部和降主动脉支架置入杂交手术治疗Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层的优势。方法:对6例Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层患者进行常温非体外循环杂交手术治疗。6例均先行旁路搭桥后,再行主动脉弓部和降主动脉支架置入术。其中3例为右优势型椎动脉,仅行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉搭桥术;2例为左优势型椎动脉,行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉搭桥术后,再行左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉搭桥术;1例为均衡型椎动脉,先行升主动脉-无名动脉-左颈总动脉搭桥术及主动脉弓部和降主动脉支架置入后,患者出现"盗血综合征",遂行左颈总动脉-左腋动脉人工血管搭桥术。结果:6例患者手术均获得成功,术后无偏瘫、截瘫、严重感染、凝血障碍及脑肺功能障碍等严重并发症,均治愈出院。出院前复查主动脉螺旋CT(64排),6例患者的搭桥人工血管及支架血管血流均通畅。术后随访6～12个月,6例患者恢复好,主动脉及人工血管血流良好。结论:常温非体外循环下升主动脉-主动脉弓分支血管搭桥及主动脉弓和降主动脉支架置入杂交手术治疗Stanford B-C型主动脉夹层,能简化传统外科治疗方法,避免深低温停循环对脑、肺等重要脏器的损伤,并能减少术后并发症和提高外科治疗效果。     

新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架在急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层中的应用

目的总结新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床应用经验,并评价其安全性和疗效。方法选择2009年12月—2010年10月,在我科接受新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架手术治疗地6例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者。结果 6例手术全部成功,无死亡。手术时间（252.4±50.3）min、体外循环时间（133.6±26.1）min、心肌血运阻断时间（82.8±10.9）min、深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间（17.9±8.1）min。患者术后及时清醒、循环稳定、无严重并发症。6例患者随访3～14个月,主动脉血管成像（CTA）显示患者主动脉弓部及分支动脉内支架扩张贴壁满意、相应部位假腔消失、远端假腔内血栓填充、无与覆膜支架相关的并发症发生。结论采用新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层,可以简化主动脉弓部操作步骤、降低手术风险、提高手术成功率,值得临床推广应用。     

胸主动脉置换并血管内支架植入治疗主动脉夹层

目的总结主动脉夹层行人造血管置换同时植入血管内支架的外科经验。方法急性DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层1例,破口在升主动脉,行升主动脉并全弓置换同时,术中于降主动脉置入血管内支架;慢性DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层2例,均为介入无法完成者,破口均在降主动脉起始部、左锁骨下动脉下方,行近段降主动脉置换同时术中于远段降主动脉置入血管内支架。术后2周及3个月复查主动脉螺旋CT,了解胸腹主动脉、人造血管及血管内支架情况。结果所有病人手术成功,体外循环时间98(38～207)min。Ⅰ型夹层阻断升主动脉136min,选择性脑灌注33min,Ⅲ型夹层阻断主动脉23min、下半身停循环时间22～28min。术后恢复顺利,痊愈出院。术后2周及3个月复查CT示人造血管血流通畅,血管内支架无内瘘及移位,支架远端主动脉真腔扩大、假腔明显缩小。结论对于病变广泛、多发破口的复杂主动脉夹层,行近端动脉夹层切除、人造血管置换同时在远端植入血管内支架,是一种安全、有效、经济的手术方法。     

复合手术治疗累及左锁骨下动脉的降主动脉病变

目的:评估一期覆膜支架置入合并腋-腋动脉人工血管转流治疗累及左锁骨下动脉的降主动脉病变的近期效果。方法:2009年4月至2014年8月,因降主动脉病变累及左锁骨下动脉在我院行一期杂交手术(右腋动脉-左腋动脉转流+降主动脉支架型人工血管置入术+左锁骨下动脉近端封堵术)共有20例(男性17例,女性3例)患者,对所有患者随访至2016年10月,随访时间26~87个月,平均(51.0±18.1)个月。评估30d内病死率,内漏发生率,转流血管远期并发症。结果:所有手术在杂交手术室完成,围手术期无死亡,2例因近端内漏行开胸手术,1例因远端新发破口行主动脉夹层腔内修复术。结论:一期杂交手术治疗累及左锁骨下动脉的降主动脉病变近期效果良好,但不适合破口位于主动脉弓部大弯侧紧邻左锁骨下动脉的B型主动脉夹层,这类患者容易发生近端内漏,左锁骨下动脉近端塞子的置入有效构成了转流血管两端的压力差,有利于转流血管的通畅。远期效果还需要大样本量的进一步随访。     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层术中渗血防治-单中心经验总结

目的 通过分析近年来收治的急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层病例,总结关于防治术中渗血的经验,为手术方案的改进提供临床依据。 方法 选取罹患急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层并接受升主动脉+主动脉弓修复手术的患者纳入本回顾性研究。主动脉根部处理采用内衬片法;弓部处理应用三分支支架血管或单分支支架血管联合头壁血管内小支架;体外循环则运用中低温停循环技术联合右腋动脉加股动脉双通道灌注法;内瘘技术采用改良包裹法。临床数据采集包括一般临床资料、病因、主动脉夹层破口位置和累及范围、术前合并症、心功能、手术情况及预后。 结果 共计178例患者纳入本研究,手术时间308±49.8 min,体外循环时间131±23.9 min,升主动脉阻断时间88.2±12.1 min,中低温停循环加选择性脑灌注时间21.5±6.7 min,术后心包腔引流液300±90 ml,住院死亡率5.6%,术后神经系统并发症发生率8.6%,出院后死亡率为0。术后3个月发现内瘘1例（0.5%）,胸主动脉夹层愈合率79.8%;术后1年,未发现内瘘发生,胸主动脉夹层愈合率达82.7%;所有患者均未发现人造血管周围造影剂外渗。 结论 渗血仍是急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层常见的并发症。“新内膜技术”、中低温停循环联合双侧头臂干动脉灌注以及改良包裹内瘘法等多种技术的应用,有助于减少术中渗血,缩短手术时间,减少内瘘发生,提高胸主动脉夹层愈合率和患者总体生存率,改善预后。     

DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层支架术后严重内漏行人工血管置换术治疗1例

病例资料患者男性,36岁,体检发现降主动脉夹层(De BakeyⅢ型),破口位于降主动脉起始部向下撕裂到腹主动脉并逆撕至主动脉弓部,累及左颈总动脉和左锁骨下动脉;2015年12月1日,在当地行"右颈总动脉-左颈总动脉-左锁骨下动脉人工血管转流术",术后2 d后行"主动脉造影术及覆膜支架腔内修复术",术中发现支架远端仍有内膜破口存在,相继再次置入两枚裸支架,远端到达腹主动脉腹腔干分支以上4 cm处以封闭破口,效果不理想,仍见少量内漏存在,未再处理,术后出现左手臂、左侧肩背部酸痛不适,症状改善后出院。     

行改进术式预防逆行性A型夹层的效果研究

目的:逆行性A型夹层是升主动脉-头臂血管人工血管转流术+胸降主动脉覆膜支架置入术(d-TEVAR)术后一种高发而致命的并发症,导致d-TEVAR仅在高危弓部病变患者中使用.自体升主动脉与覆膜支架间的顺应性不匹配是导致d-TEVAR术后逆行性A型夹层发生的重要原因之一.本文介绍一种新的方法以求减少逆行性A型夹层的发生.方...     

Echocardiographic and Doppler evaluation of the aortic arch and brachiocephalic vessels in cerebral and systemic arteriovenous fistulas

Congenital arteriovenous fistulas presenting in the newborn period pose difficult diagnostic problems and simulate structural heart disease. Angiocardiography, when performed, demonstrates enlarged brachiocephalic vessels and rapid cerebral venous return. The value of echocardiographic imaging and measurement of the aortic arch and brachiocephalic vessels, and evaluation of the Doppler flow profile in these vessels as a means of making a rapid diagnosis of cerebral or thoracic arteriovenous fistula, was therefore assessed in 10 infants with these diagnoses seen over a 4 year period (1983 to 1987). Twenty-nine infants (median age 6 weeks) undergoing two-dimensional echocardiography but with no significant lesions were prospectively selected as controls. Nine of the 10 patients had congestive heart failure at presentation (mean age 2 days). A cranial bruit was heard in three and arteriovenous fistula was suspected in five patients. Aortic arch segments and brachiocephalic vessel dimensions expressed as ratios of the abdominal aorta showed significantly larger values in patients for the ascending aorta (p = 0.01), innominate artery (p less than 0.001), right and left subclavian arteries (p less than 0.001) and left common carotid artery (p less than 0.05). The thoracic descending aorta was, however, significantly smaller in patients (p less than 0.002). Retrograde diastolic Doppler flow in the descending aorta proximal to the ductus arteriosus and anterograde diastolic flow with a mean spectral flow-time integral 27% of systolic were present in patients only, whereas Doppler diastolic flow in brachiocephalic vessels, present in 5 of 29 control infants, was less than 15% of systolic flow and not accompanied by dilation of these vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Double-barrel technique for endovascular exclusion of an aortic arch aneurysm without sternotomy.

PURPOSE: To report the use of commercially available stents and a stent-graft in coaxial orientation to extend the proximal limits of endografting within the aortic arch. CASE REPORT: A 70-year-old man was found to have an asymptomatic 7-cm saccular aortic arch aneurysm, extending distally from the origin of the left carotid artery and involving the left subclavian artery; there was only 11 mm between the innominate artery orifice and the aneurysm. The patient was deemed to be high risk for open surgical repair due to a history of 2 prior sternotomies and the requirement for hypothermic circulatory arrest. A "double-barrel" stent-graft strategy combining retrograde placement of an innominate stent with thoracic stent-graft implantation into zone 0 was successfully executed. The patient has continued to fare well after 10 months on close follow-up. CONCLUSION: The "double-barrel" stent technique may extend the limits of thoracic endografting by preserving the aortic arch branches while avoiding the need for sternotomy. Using this technique, proximal fixation can be obtained well into the ascending aorta using commercially available devices.     

Complete interruption of the aortic arch. 2. Characteristic angiographic features with emphasis on collateral circulation to the descending aorta.

The angiocardiograms of 17 patients with aortic arch interruption are reviewed to emphasize the variations in arch interruption and origin of the brachiocephalic vessels, and collateral circulation to the descending aorta. Depending on the anatomical type and subtype of arch interruption, collateral flow to the descending aorta in the presence of a stenotic or closed ductus will be dependent on the development of intercostal collaterals and/or the presence of retrograde flow in all brachiocephalic vessels arising from the descending aorta. Familiarity with the potential pathways for collateral circulation may permit differentiation into types and subtypes on chest radiograph. Patients with Type I interruption may have bilateral rib notching if the right subclavian artery originates normally from the innominate artery, but will have rib notching confined to the left side if the origin of the right subclavian artery is aberrant. Type II or Type III interruption patients will have rib notching confined to the right side if the right subclavian has a normal origin, but no rib notching if the origin of the right subclavian artery is aberrant.     

Retrograde type A dissection after endovascular stent grafting of type B dissection

Acute aortic dissection is a disease with high mortality. Whereas acute dissection of the ascending aorta (Standford type A) is treated surgically, acute dissection of Stanford type B (descending aorta) is principally treated conservatively, but surgically in case of complications. Recently, another therapeutical option for the treatment of type B dissection has been developed using endovascular stent-grafts. We report on a 64-year-old woman with typical signs of acute aortic dissection. Computer tomography and transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated Stanford type B dissection. The patient was treated with an endovascular stent-graft, because of malperfusion of the right leg and chest pain. After successful closure of the entry by the stent, the patient developed acute right-sided hemiplegia one day after the intervention due to retrograde dissection into the aortic arch and ascending aorta. Upon immediate operation, the origin of the initially type B dissection was still sufficiently occluded by the endovascular stent-graft; however, there was another entry between the innominate artery and the left carotic artery near one proximal end of the stent's strut. Using deep hypothermia and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, the ascending aorta and proximal arch were replaced with a 28 mm Dacron-Velour tube and the aortic root was remodelled with a tongue-shaped Dacron graft preserving the valve cusps according to a modified Yacoub procedure. After the operation, neurological symptoms diminished and the patient could walk on the ward on day eleven. This case demonstrates retrograde type A dissection as a complication after interventional treatment of type B dissection using an endovascular stent-graft. The reason for this delayed complication is speculative. Aortic wall damage during stent inserting could be a possible cause. It is also likely that the patient initially had type B dissection with retrograde dissection of the distal part of the aortic arch. Therefore, one of the straight struts of the proximal end of the stent may have caused additional damage to the vulnerable dissected aortic wall in the arch, leading to retrograde type A dissection. Careful patient selection, detailed diagnosis of the aortic arch, improved stent designs and materials, especially regarding the stent's ends and careful insertion of the stent into the aortic arch, could contribute to prevention of the described problems.     

主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的外科治疗

目的:总结主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的外科治疗经验。方法:3例右位主动脉弓、右位降主动脉、迷走左锁骨下动脉(迷走左锁骨下动脉型)合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层的患者经胸部右后外切口行胸降主动脉置换术、迷走左锁骨下动脉缝扎术。结果:3例患者均痊愈出院,住院天数7～10 d,无左上肢缺血症状及神经系统并发症。结论:主动脉右弓右降合并Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行胸降主动脉置换术方法可行,临床疗效满意,术中判断后行迷走左锁骨下动脉缝扎术,可简化手术方式,但应避免术后左上肢缺血坏死。     

Surgical approach to complicated cervical aortic arch: anatomic, developmental, and surgical considerations

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of brachiocephalic arterial branching and arch laterality are common in patients with a cervical aortic arch. In addition, structural anomalies of the arch such as obstruction, aneurysms, and tortuosity are found in a significant number of cases. METHODS: Between 1990 and 1998, 6 patients underwent surgery for an obstructed right cervical arch. A significant obstruction was present at the transverse or distal arch in all patients, and was recurrent after previous repair in 2. In 1 patient, there was also a multi-lobed aneurysm of the aortic segment contiguous to the obstruction, and in 2 there was marked tortuosity of the arch. In all cases, the order of origin of the head and neck vessels was abnormal, and obstruction of 1 or more brachiocephalic vessels was found in 3. A vascular ring was present in all patients, with a right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery in 4 patients and a double aortic arch with a dominant right cervical arch in 2. The descending aorta was circumflex (left-sided) in 3 patients. Three patients were repaired through a standard right posterolateral thoracotomy, and 3 through a median sternotomy. Patch augmentation aortoplasty was used in 2 patients, a tube graft from the ascending to descending aorta in 2, end to side anastomosis of the descending aorta to the proximal arch in 1, and direct anastomosis to reconstruct an atretic left-sided component of a double arch in 1. RESULTS: Repair was successful in all cases, with no perioperative complications. At follow-up ranging from 1 to 9 years, all patients were alive and well, with no recurrence of arch obstruction or other significant complications. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed microdeletion of chromosome 22q11 in 1 patient (not performed in the others). CONCLUSIONS: Structural anomalies of the arch are relatively common in patients with a cervical aortic arch. Such abnormalities may be the result of hemodynamic conditions and/or abnormal vascular tissue related either to the cervical position of the arch or its embryologic precursors. Given the highly variable anatomy of patients with a complicated cervical aortic arch, surgical considerations will vary in kind.     

Stenting of a left main coronary artery dissection and stent-graft implantation for acute type a aortic dissection.

PURPOSE: To report successful endovascular repair of Stanford type A acute aortic dissection associated with a proximally extended dissection of the left main coronary artery. CASE REPORT: A 71-year-old man presented with acute type A aortic dissection. One day after admission, dissection of the left main coronary artery accompanied by severe myocardial ischemia prompted Palmaz stent placement. Three days later, a customized stent-graft was placed across the entry site of the dissection in the descending aorta. The false lumen in the ascending aorta, transverse arch, and the descending thoracic aorta thrombosed, and the left coronary artery remained patent. At 14 months after the procedures, the patient is doing well and has had no cardiac event. CONCLUSIONS: This staged procedure may be one option for the management of acute type A aortic dissection complicated by coronary artery dissection.     

Distal Aortic Malperfusion Exacerbated by Antegrade Stent-Graft Placement During Hybrid Repair of Acute DeBakey Type I Aortic Dissection

We present the case of an acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection with malperfusion. The patient underwent valve resuspension, ascending aortic and partial arch replacement, debranching of the innominate artery, and placement of a small-diameter stent within the left common carotid artery, after which antegrade deployment of a stent-graft into the proximal descending thoracic aorta was performed to expand the true lumen. Distal malperfusion was exacerbated by the stent-graft''s traversal into the false lumen, necessitating further endovascular repair to reestablish flow to the distal aorta. Mitigation before stent-graft placement (for example, inserting a wire within the true lumen under fluoroscopic guidance to ensure stent-graft placement in the true lumen) and prompt corrective procedures are paramount, given the grim consequences of prolonged distal ischemia.     

Right aortic arch with isolation of left innominate artery.

A new entity of right aortic arch with isolation of the left innominate artery is described in a three-day-old boy with complete endocardial cushion defect. Embryologically, this type of anomaly will result if the interruption of the embryonic left aortic arch occurs at two sites, one between the left ductus arteriosus and the descending aorta and the other between the ascending aorta and the left common carotid artery. Absence of pulse in the left arm and on the left side of the neck strongly suggests this anomaly. The aortogram and pulmonary arteriogram may confirm the diagnosis of this anomaly during life.     

胸主动脉钝性外伤的腔内修复治疗

目的 探讨腔内修复技术在治疗胸主动脉钝性外伤中的可行性和安全性.方法 回顾分析2010年2月至2013年12月期间7例胸主动脉钝性外伤患者的临床资料.术前CTA及术中造影评估病变,回顾术中技术成功率,死亡及截瘫等主要并发症的发生率.术后CTA随访明确有无内漏、支架移位等情况.结果 所有创伤都累及主动脉峡部,包括Stanford B型夹层1例、降主动脉假性动脉瘤6例.全部患者均接受覆膜支架腔内修复治疗,其中1例先行左-右锁骨下动脉转流术.术中6例部分或全部覆盖左锁骨下动脉开口.所有手术患者均获得技术成功,无死亡及截瘫发生.术后随访时间2～28个月,无左上肢缺血症状及神经系统并发症,支架无内漏及移位.结论 腔内修复治疗胸主动脉夹层安全、有效,可行性高.