内观疗法在我国心理治疗中的应用和展望

综述了内观疗法的操作原理及在我国心理治疗领域的应用状况,并展望了内观疗法在我国的未来发展方向。     

内观疗法在住院精神分裂症患者中的应用效果

目的探索内观疗法在住院精神分裂症患者中的治疗流程和方法及效果。方法将120例住院精神分裂症患者随机分为对照组和研究组各60例,进行4周治疗,对照组采用奥氮平治疗,研究组在此基础上联合内观治疗。在治疗前后采用生活满意度量表（LSR）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、临床总体印象量表一疾病严重程度（CGI—SI）评定患者的康复情况。结果共有102名患者完成4周治疗,其中研究组48例,对照组54例。治疗前,两组LSR、SSRS、CGI—SI评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;治疗后,研究组LSR总增分为（2．46±0．43）分、SSRS（4．73±1．27）分,对照组LSR（0．24±0．17）分、SSRS（0．65±0．28）分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t分别为3．45,3．02;P〈0．01）;研究组CGI—SI减分低于对照组,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论抗精神病药物治疗联合内观疗法能更好地提高住院精神分裂症患者生活满意度,增加患者的社会支持度,适于在住院患者中开展。     

内观疗法治疗网络成瘾一例

<正>内观疗法(Naikan therapy)是日本吉本伊信先生于1937年提出的一种源于东方文化的独特心理疗法。内观疗法的三个主题是:"他人为我所做的"、"我给他人的回报"和"我给他人带来的麻烦"。     

内观疗法在服刑人员教育改造中的应用

内观疗法由日本的吉本伊信首创,已有60余年历史,她渊源于中国的佛宗,后发展成为一种心理治疗方法。“内观”指“观内”、“了解自己”、“凝视内心中的自我”之意。内观疗法可以称作“观察自己法”、“洞察自我法”,是借用佛学“观察自我内心”的方法,设置特定的程序进行“集中内省”,以达自我精神修养或者治疗精神障碍的目的。     

道家内观疗法治疗酒依赖的影响因素分析

目的 探讨道家内观疗法治疗酒依赖的影响因素,为临床干预提供依据.方法 对115例酒依赖患者均予以常规治疗及护理,在此基础上联合小组式道家内观疗法治疗.随访1 a.根据患者酒精戒断情况分为3组.已戒组61例,限量组18例,未戒组36例;并对3组患者的临床资料进行统计分析.结果 3组病程比较差异有显著性(χ2=8.127,P＜0.05),其中已戒组与未戒组比较差异有显著性(χ2=5.997,P＜0.05);3组β型脑电图、酒瘾阳性家族史及家庭问题检出率比较差异均有显著性(χ2=7.119、10.329、16.017,P＜0.05或0.01),其中未戒组均显著高于已戒组(χ2=6.640、10.194、13.630,P＜0.01);3组患者出院时,护士用住院病人观察量表总消极因素评分未戒组显著高于已戒组、限量组(t=3.649、2.414,P＜0.05或0.01),限量组高于已戒组,但差异无显著性(t=0.269,P＞0.05).结论 病程、脑损伤、酒瘾阳性家族史、家庭问题、消极因素是影响小组式道家内观疗法治疗酒依赖的重要因素.     

心理治疗及情志疗法在胃溃疡治疗中的应用

现代医学认为心理因素对胃溃疡的形成有很大影响，溃疡形成后，如果不良情绪刺激仍未解除，则使病情进一步加重。祖国医学同样提出胃溃疡的发病主要由于情志所伤，因此应针对胃溃疡患者的情绪反应进行心理和情志疗法治疗。     

心理治疗及情志疗法在胃溃疡治疗中的应用

现代医学认为心理因素对胃溃疡的形成有很大影响,溃疡形成后,如果不良情绪刺激仍未解除,则使病情进一步加重。祖国医学同样提出胃溃疡的发病主要由于情志所伤,因此应针对胃溃疡患者的情绪反应进行心理和情志疗法治疗。     

内观疗法在精神科病房安全管理中的作用

摘要：目的 探讨内观疗法在精神科病房安全管理中的作用。方法 选择2016年7月在上海市奉贤区精神卫生中心精神一科住院治疗的患者78例 ,随机分为2组,治疗组与对照组各39名,治疗组进行内观疗法两个疗程共60次90小时的治疗,然后观察两组患者在服药依从性、对家属及医护人员态度等方面的变化。结果 经过两个疗程的内观疗法后,治疗组患者在服药依从性、对医护人员及家属态度方面有明显改善,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 内观疗法能有效改善精神障碍患者的认知,通过内省冥想,达到重塑自我的目的,从而积极配合治疗,减少怨恨或悲观情绪,降低精神科病房发生意外事件的概率,提高病房安全管理水平,具有现实意义。     

心理治疗在精神分裂症临床治疗中的应用效果

目的分析心理治疗在精神分裂症临床治疗中的应用效果。方法将本院精神科2015年8月至2017年8月收治的90例精神分裂症患者利用随机分组法分为参照组(n=45)和观察组(n=45)。参照组行喹硫平治疗,观察组在参照组基础上加行心理治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果治疗后,两组阳性症状、阴性症状、一般精神症状评分及PANSS总分、焦虑、抑郁评分均降低,且观察组低于参照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者的治疗依从率高于参照组(P<0.05)。结论给予精神分裂症患者心理治疗,可有效改善患者的心理状况。     

内观疗法治疗60例中学生焦虑障碍

本研究观察内观心理疗法治疗中学生焦虑障碍的疗效。     

Art psychotherapy in a consumer diagnosed with borderline personality disorder: A case study

This case study reviews 11 sessions of art psychotherapy with a consumer diagnosed with having borderline personality disorder. A consumer who reported difficulty in communicating her lived trauma verbally and engaged in self‐harming behaviour was offered individual art therapy sessions following a consultation between an art therapy student and clinical nurse consultant in an attempt to understand her experiences and to collaboratively engage her. Notes were taken after each session by the art therapy student, reflecting conversations with this consumer while they were engaged in art making, which were subsequently explored within formal clinical supervision sessions with a mental health nurse consultant. An art portfolio is reproduced. It illustrates the expressive power of image creation. The key features of the images were that of lived trauma, the externalization of thoughts and feelings, and intense emotional expression. The results of this chronological art portfolio case study indicated therapeutic benefits from the intervention for this consumer. Further investigations of this type of intervention are warranted within the mental health setting.     

作业疗法结合道家认知疗法治疗脑卒中偏瘫恢复期患者情绪障碍的临床研究

目的 评价作业疗法和道家认知疗法对脑卒中偏瘫恢复期患者情绪障碍的康复效果。方法将136例脑卒中偏瘫恢复期伴情绪障碍患者随机分为一般治疗组（一般组）、认知治疗组（认知组）、作业治疗组（作业组）及综合治疗组（综合组），标准治疗期8周，跟踪随访半年。治疗前、治疗结束时及随访期末，采用Fugl—Meyer评定法的上肢主动运动功能积分、加拿大作业活动量表（COPM）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）分别对患者偏瘫上肢运动功能、13常生活活动能力及焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪进行评定，并进行统计分析。结果所有患者Fugl—Meyer、COPM评分逐渐升高，升高幅度由高到低依次为综合组、作业组、认知组、一般组，组间比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；作业组SCL-90的3次评分依次为（100，36±26．41）分、（53．89±12．45）分及（63．65±16．23）分，与一般组的（98．22±25，38）分、（62．72±13，90）分及（80．36±21．79）分呈相同变化趋势，但治疗后及随访期末评分均低于一般组（P〈0．01）；认知组治疗结束时的SCL-90评分为（58．63±12．27）分，略高于作业组（P〈0．01），随访期末为（44．72±10．54）分，明显低于作业组（P〈0．01）；综合组治疗结束时及随访期末SCL-90评分分别为（49．15±11．84）和（39．26±10．47）分，低于认知组及作业组（P〈0．01）。结论作业疗法或道家认知疗法能不同程度地减轻脑卒中偏瘫恢复期患者的情绪障碍，改善其偏瘫上肢的运动功能及日常生活活动能力；二者结合，可以取长补短，有利于患者身心的全面康复。     

心理、行为疗法治疗慢性前列腺炎的效果分析

１Subjectandmethod１．１SubjectFromMay１９９９toJune２００１，４８６consecutivepatientssufferedfromchronicprostatitis（CP）andcomplicatedmooddisorderincluding２１９withnon－bacterialprostatitis，６３withsimpleprostatitispain，and２１９withchronicbacterialprostati－tis．Thesepatientsarerandomlydividedintostudygroupandcon－trolgroupeuqually．Theyare１９～４１yearsofage（meanage：３４years）．Diseasecourselastedfor０．５～４years，meanly２．５years．Mooddisorderischaracterizedbylackadaisicalne…     

Stress and burnout in psychiatric professionals when starting to use dialectical behavioural therapy in the work with young self-harming women showing borderline personality symptoms

The aim of the study was to investigate how starting to use dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) in the work with young self-harming women showing symptoms of borderline personality disorder affected the psychiatric professionals (n = 22) experience of occupational stress and levels of professional burnout. The study was carried out in relation to an 18-month clinical psychiatric development project, and used a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methods [a burnout inventory, the Maslach burnout inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), free format questionnaires and group interviews]. The result confirms previous reports that psychiatric health professionals experience treatment of self-harming patients as very stressful. DBT was seen as stressful in terms of learning demands, but decreased the experience of stress in the actual treatment of the patients. The teamwork and supervision were felt to be supportive, as was one particular facet of DBT, namely mindfulness training which some therapists felt also improved their handling of other work stressors not related to DBT. The inventory for professional burnout, the MBI-GS, showed no significant changes over the 18-month period, although there was a tendency for increased burnout levels at the 6-month assessment, which had returned to baseline levels at 18 months.     

Benefits of combining massage therapy with group interpersonal psychotherapy in prenatally depressed women

One hundred and twelve pregnant women who were diagnosed depressed were randomly assigned to a group who received group Interpersonal Psychotherapy or to a group who received both group Interpersonal Psychotherapy and massage therapy. The group Interpersonal Psychotherapy (1 h sessions) and massage therapy (20 min sessions) were held once per week for 6 weeks. The data suggested that the group who received psychotherapy plus massage attended more sessions on average, and a greater percentage of that group completed the 6-week program. The group who received both therapies also showed a greater decrease in depression, depressed affect and somatic–vegetative symptom scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), a greater decrease in anxiety scale (STAI) scores and a greater decrease in cortisol levels. The group therapy process appeared to be effective for both groups as suggested by the increased expression of both positive and negative affect and relatedness during the group therapy sessions. Thus, the data highlight the effectiveness of group Interpersonal Psychotherapy and particularly when combined with massage therapy for reducing prenatal depression.     

心理干预对心肌梗塞病人心理状态及介入治疗依从性的影响

目的 探讨心理干预对心肌梗塞病人心理状态及介入治疗依从性的影响。方法对6a来收治的心肌梗塞病人10。例,随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,对观察组实行心理干预,观察组只执行常规医嘱,比较两组心理状态及介入治疗的依从性。结果观察组强迫、人际敏感、抑郁焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性改善状况、介入治疗依从性与对照组比较均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 心理干预可改善心肌梗塞病人负性情绪,并对提高介入治疗依从性有重要意义。     

舍曲林联合心理治疗抑郁和焦虑障碍共病临床研究

目的研究舍曲林联合心理治疗治疗抑郁、焦虑障碍共病的疗效及安全性。方法将58例抑郁、焦虑障碍共病患者随机分为舍曲林联合心理治疗组和单用舍曲林治疗组各29例进行对照研究．疗程8w．采用汉密顿焦虑量表、汉密顿抑郁量表及药物副作用量表评定临床疗效和不良反应。结果研究组抗焦虑、抗抑郁起效均较对照组快（P〈0．05或0．01）,抗焦虑疗效优于对照组（P〈0．05）,治疗8w末两组抗抑郁疗效相当。结论舍曲林联合心理治疗治疗抑郁、焦虑障碍共病起效快,疗效显著,安全性高,依从性好。