苯系混合物对男工精液质量的影响

为了解苯系混合物对男性生殖机能的影响，对从事制鞋、油（喷）漆等接触苯系物的２４名男工的精液质量进行了调查。结果表明：在作业环境中苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度超过国家卫生标准的情况下，部分工人的血液、精液中可检测出苯系物，而对照组未检出。苯系物对男工精液质量有一定影响，表现为精液液化时间异常（＞３０分钟）的百分比例增高，精子活率、活力则下降。同时，精液液化时间与精浆中甲苯水平呈正相关，而精子活率、活力则与工龄呈负相关。提示：接触苯系物使作业男工的精液质量和精子质量均受到损伤。     

Leukocyte agglutinins in workers exposed to benzene,toluene and xylene

Summary A leukoagglutination test and a cytotoxic test with leukocytes were performed on 76 workers exposed to occupational contact with benzene, toluene and xylene (52 men, 24 women); the possibility of contact with these substances was eliminated in 41 persons in the period directly preceding the examination, and blood samples were collected from 35 persons in the course of the exposure. In the first group the presence of leukocyte agglutinins for autologous leukocytes was found in only one person and in the second group in 10 persons. The increase of leukoagglutination titer of sera after their incubation with benzene, toluene or xylene was also demonstrated. This suggested the occurrence of allergic blood dyscrasia in some persons exposed to benzene and its homologues.     

接触苯、甲苯、二甲苯对工人脂质过氧化作用的影响

目的探讨苯、甲苯、二甲苯对人体的脂质过氧化作用及抗氧化作用的影响。方法选择50名长期接触苯、甲苯、二甲苯作业的工人和55名不接触任何毒物的工人为研究对象,进行现场职业卫生学监测,对工人血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH Px)活力进行测定。结果接触组MDA含量[(3.55±1.58)]nmol/L及SOD活力[(95.45±11.05)×103单位/L]高于对照组,而GSH Px活力[(70.54±38.24)×104单位/L]低于对照组,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论长期接触低浓度苯、甲苯、二甲苯,将导致MDA含量和SOD活力增加及GSH Px活力下降。     

Serum immunoglobulin levels in workers exposed to benzene,toluene and xylene

Summary Immunoglobulin levels in the sera of 35 workers occupationally exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene were studied by means of a simple radial immunodiffusion. The immunoglobulin levels were compared with those of a control group of 42 healthy adults. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the IgG and IgA levels, accompanied by an increase in the IgM level. It is possible that this observation reflects a suppressive action of benzene on immunoglobulinproducing cells, resulting in the inhibition of DNA synthesis.     

Serum complement level in workers exposed to benzene,toluene and xylene

Summary The serum complement level was determined in 79 persons subject to occupational exposure to benzene, toluene and xylene. In 62 of them the complement level was lower than the mean value of the control group. The mean value of the exposed persons is also statistically significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.01). These findings are consistent with previous data suggesting the involvement of immunologic factors in the pathologic mechanism of exposure to benzene and its homologues.     

Investigation on renal function of workers exposed to toluene and xylene]

beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-M), albumin (Alb), IgG, Protein in urine were measured in 59 workers exposed to toluene, and xylene, and 70 workers not so exposed as control. The results showed that the urine levels of beta 2-M, Alb in exposed groups were significantly higher and increased progressively with increasing work time. Urinary beta 2-M showed significantly positive correlation with Alb, protein. Conformability of beta 2-M, Alb with other renal damage indexes seems better. It is suggested that toluene and xylene might cause renal damage, changes of urinary beta 2-M and Alb concentrations might be used as sensitive indexes for early detection of renal dysfunction in toluene and xylene workers.     

混苯作业人员脂质过氧化水平与抗氧化酶活性的研究

目的：探讨混苯对人体脂质过氧化的作用以及混苯作业人员早期损害的生物学检测指标。方法：选择133名长期从事喷漆作业的工人和169名无接尘、接毒史的工人为研究对象。用常规方法进行血红蛋白测定和白细胞计数,并对血清中MDA含量和SOD、GSH－Px活力进行测定。结果：两组间血红蛋白测定和白细胞计数的异常检出率无显著差异（P＞0．05）。MDA含量及其异常检出率两组间有显著性差异（P＜0．01）,且随着工龄的增长,接触组MDA含量明显增加（P＜0．05）。接触组SOD活性及其异常检出率较对照组明显增高（P＜0．01）,而GSH－Px活性和其异常检出率却显著下降（P＜0．01）。结论：长期接触低浓度混苯,将导致MDA含量和SOD活性增加及GSH-Px活性下降,且变化出现白细胞异常检出之前。     

苯系毒物作用下人体内抗EB病毒抗体水平的变化

目的 研究苯系毒物作用下体内抗EB2病毒抗体水平的变化。方法 选择苯系毒物接触工人558人和无接触者372人作为对照,用ELISA方法EB病毒抗体。结果（1）苯系毒物接触者体内EB病毒IgA/VCA抗体阳性检出率（26．0％）与非接触阳性检出率（11.3％）差异有显著性（P＜0．01）;（2）苯与甲苯、二甲苯均能引起体内IgA/VCA上升,其抗体滴度≥1：100的阳性检出率三者差异均无显著性（P＞0．05）;（3）0．2－0．5年的苯系毒物接触工龄即可使体内的IgA/VCA明显上升,但其抗体水平并不随着接触工龄的增加而呈上升趋势。结论 职业性接触苯系毒物可能使潜伏于人体的EB病毒受到激活。     

苯、甲苯、二甲苯作业人员血细胞和超氧化物歧化酶活力的研究

目的探讨长期接触低浓度苯、甲苯、二甲苯(简称混苯)作业人员血细胞参数和血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的变化。方法选择45名某客车制造厂喷涂车间接触混苯作业工人为接触组,选择40名某学校教师为对照组,测定8项血细胞参数指标和血清SOD活力,比较两组的差异。结果两组间白细胞等8项血细胞参数指标均差异不明显(P>0.05);接触组血清SOD活力为(110.48±25.15)U/L,与对照组相比明显增高,差异有显著性(P<0.01)且随着工龄的增加而增高。结论血清SOD活力的改变早于白细胞总数等指标的改变;其作为混苯损伤效应的检测指标,有进一步研究的价值。     

低浓度苯、甲苯和二甲苯对接触工人健康的影响

目的探讨低浓度"三苯"(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)对作业工人的健康危害。方法对接苯工厂作业场所中"三苯"浓度进行测定,以439名三苯接触工人为苯接触组,以338名非接苯工人为对照组,对2组工人进行职业健康检查并对体检资料进行对照分析。结果接苯工厂内各检测点的"三苯"8 h时间加权平均浓度(C-TWA)及短时间接触浓度(C-STEL)的检测值均低于国家标准。苯接触组工人白细胞计数下降检出率为14.58%,非接触组为8.88%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组工人血红蛋白含量下降检出率为19.59%,非接触组为8.28%,差异有统计学意义。苯接触组女工白细胞计数下降检出率为18.07%,男工为10.53%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组女工血红蛋白含量下降检出率为32.53%,男工2.63%,差异有统计学意义;苯接触组男工血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)异常率为7.89%,女工0.80%,差异有统计学意义。苯接触组不同工龄工人白细胞计数下降及血红蛋白含量下降存在线性剂量-反应关系。结论长期接触低浓度的"三苯"也会损害作业工人的身体健康,应加强防护措施,加大健康监护力度。     

混苯对接触男工精子顶体酶活力和副性腺功能的影响

探讨混苯对接触男工精子顶体酶活力和副性腺功能的影响，对２３名从事混苯作业的男工进行生物材料混苯分析及精子顶体酶活力、精浆γ－ＧＴ活性和果糖含量的测定。结果接触组顶体酶活力、精浆γ－ＧＴ活性和果糖含量分别为１８．０２±７．２４Ｕ／Ｌ、１７１４．４３±８７３．８８Ｕ／Ｌ、３．０９±２．０５ｇ／Ｌ，而对照组则分别为３０．７４±１０．０５Ｕ／Ｌ、２４１８．９７±４１１．９２Ｕ／Ｌ、２．０３±０．７４ｇ／Ｌ。表明混苯可引起男工精子顶体酶活力下降（Ｐ＜０．００１），精浆γ－ＧＴ活性显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而精浆果糖含量两组间未见差别。精子顶体酶活力与接触工龄、精浆γ－ＧＴ与精浆中苯及血液中甲苯等呈负相关。混苯在一定程度上可影响男工生育力和副性腺功能。     

成都市龙泉驿区制鞋业“三苯”接触工人职业危害状况

目的 探讨制鞋业“三苯”对接触工人的职业危害,为采取防护措施保护工人身体健康提供依据.方法 选择成都市龙泉驿区55家制鞋厂,测定工作场所空气中的“三苯”浓度,对“三苯”接触组与对照组工人进行体检,检查外周血血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞(RBC)、白细胞(WBC)、血小板(PLT)、肝功能和心电图.结果 “三苯”接触组工人具有一定的神经系统症状和消化系统症状,外周血Hb、RBC、WBC、PLT,肝功能异常率与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=26.1、35.2、37.9、8.4、11.4,均P＜0.01).结论 制鞋行业存在较为严重的“三苯”职业卫生危害,应采取多种方法综合治理,以保障作业工人的身心健康.     

接触甲苯、二甲苯人群计算机神经行为测试结果分析

[目的 ]　通过使用计算机神经行为测试系统项目的测试 ,探讨甲苯、二甲苯对职业工人神经行为功能的影响。　 [方法 ]　采用中文版神经行为测试系统中 9个测试项目和 3套不同参数的方案对职业性接触甲苯、二甲苯的 58名工人和对照组 70名工人进行测试。同时对作业环境空气中混苯浓度和作业工人尿中马尿酸水平进行测试。　 [结果 ]　作业环境中甲苯浓度 0 .81～ 1 71 .2 2mg/m3,平均 51mg/m3。二甲苯为 4 .57～ 1 60mg/m3,平均 2 0 .4mg/m3。心算、目标追踪、连续识别记忆、视简单反应时和注意力调转项目接触组和对照组差异有显著性。　 [结论 ]　甲苯、二甲苯可引起职业接触工人心理运动能力、计算能力、记忆能力和协调能力的改变     

Menstrual function in workers exposed to toluene.

Rates of menstrual disorders were studied in 231 female production workers with high exposure to toluene (mean 88 (range 50-150 ppm) in a factory manufacturing audio speakers and compared with a control group of 58 female production workers in other departments in the same factory who had little or no exposure to toluene (0-25 ppm). An external community control group of 187 working class women under routine care at public maternal and child health centres were also studied. Detailed menstrual and reproductive histories were obtained by personal interview using a structured questionnaire. The rates for dysfunctional uterine bleeding (cycle irregularity and prolonged or heavy menstrual bleeding) were similar in all groups. Dysmenorrhoea seemed to occur more often in the women highly exposed to toluene compared with women at maternal and child health centres, but not compared with factory controls with low exposure to toluene. There was no evidence that dysfunctional uterine bleeding was likely to result from exposure to toluene. It is uncertain whether dysmenorrhoea was associated specifically with exposure to toluene, as other behavioural and work related factors may also result in dysmenorrhoea.     

双酚A对接触男工精液质量的影响

目的 探讨双酚A(BPA)对接触男工精液质量的影响.方法 选择20名接触BPA的工人作为职业接触组,另选择与接触组年龄、职业和体力活动相匹配,但不接触BPA和其他可能损伤生殖功能的物理或化学因素的16名造型工人作为对照组.采集被调查对象的血液,检测其血液中BPA水平,按WHO推荐方法分析精液质量. 结果94.4%的接触组工人血液中检出BPA,中位数为101.94 μg/L,而对照组仅有18.8%的工人血液中检出BPA,中位数为0 μg/L.接触组精子密度[(68.65±44.00)×106个/ml]明显低于对照组[(118.56±98.36)×10~6个/ml],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而其他精液和精子质量指标则未见明显差异.相关分析结果表明,精子快速前向运动与血液中BPA水平呈正相关(r=0.44,P<0.01),精子正常率与血液中BPA水平呈负相关(r=-0.62,P=0.01 ). 结论接触BPA可引起男工精子密度降低,BPA可能在一定程度上影响精液质量.