遗传性中性粒细胞髓过氧化物酶缺乏

人的中性粒细胞（PMN），用罗氏染色（Romanowsky stain）在光学显微镜下观察，可见胞浆中含有两种颗粒：嗜天青颗粒（又称初级颗粒）和特异性颗粒（又称次级颗粒）。嗜天青颗粒为粗大的紫红色，在原始粒细胞阶段很少或见不到，至早幼阶段含量最丰富。随着细胞的成熟，酸性粘蛋白合成增加，并与嗜天青的碱性颗粒形成复合物，从而失去嗜天青的特性。故自中幼阶段以下，嗜天青颗粒已变得不明显，甚至已见不到，而让位于细小、不规则的特异性颗粒。然而，在电子显微镜下，即使成熟的PMN，嗜天青颗粒仍可见到。[第一段]     

葡萄籽中的原花青素对激活的人中性粒细胞突发性呼吸及溶酶体酶释放的抑制

作者研究了葡萄籽中原花青素类(低聚儿茶素部位)体外对人多形核白细胞氧化性突发呼吸和溶酶体酶释放是否有抑制作用,以确定其在抗炎介入疗法中是否有益。考察的3种溶酶体酶为骨髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、β-葡糖苷酸酶(B)及弹性蛋白酶(E)。结果表明,原花青素浓度相关地抑制过氧化物的生成,IC_(50)为7.2μmol/L,浓度为0.5～15μmol/L 时,抑制率为10.3％～87％,对照药儿茶素和槲皮素的 IC_(50)分别为33.3和42.4μmol/L。原花青素抑制氮蓝四     

肺结节病外周血嗜酸性粒细胞增多意义的临床观察

目的 探讨肺结节病患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞增多的临床意义。方法 选择2004年1月至2018年1月于首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院首次就诊的肺结节病患者为研究对象,其中外周血嗜酸性粒细胞增多（peripheral blood eosinophilia,PBE）者为PBE组,非嗜酸性粒细胞增多者为非PBE组。PBE组21例,非PBE组24例。对比分析两组患者的一般资料、临床表现、肺外脏器受累情况、实验室检查结果、肺功能、支气管肺泡灌洗液（bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF）细胞计数分类、胸部影像学特征,并对治疗方案及疾病转归进行随访。结果 PBE组中存在肺部结节影、团块及实变影的患者比例高于非PBE组（80.95% vs 50%,57.14% vs 25.00%;P<0.05）。PBE组与非PBE组分别有14例及17例患者应用系统性糖皮质激素治疗,激素治疗1周后复查,两组患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞均较治疗前显著减少（P<0.05）。PBE组与非PBE组分别有16例、23例患者完成随访,随访中位时间分别为23.5和21个月。与非PBE组相比,PBE组患者疾病更易复发（31.25% vs 4.35%,P<0.05）。PBE组复发患者外周血嗜酸性粒细胞数较激素治疗1周后显著增多（P<0.05）。结论 肺结节病外周血嗜酸性粒细胞增多与肺部病变活动相关,该类患者疾病复发率高,需密切随访、监测病情变化。     

乙型肝炎病人血中性粒细胞超微结构的改变

经电镜检查发现，乙型肝炎病人外周血中性粒细胞存在形态学和超微结构的异常改变。其异常包括粒细胞的形态不规则、多伪足和吞噬空泡、核体密度增加、比表面变小、颗粒减少以及粒细胞出现崩解、核孔和核泡等。本文为乙型肝炎病人粒细胞功能异常提供了形态学上的证据。     

中性粒细胞颗粒及临床意义

中性粒细胞是白细胞的重要组成部分,其质量与数量的变化对机体病理状态以及临床诊治与预后的估计,具有重要意义。本就中性粒细胞颗粒方面的价值,作一简述。     

中性粒细胞减少症感染的治疗

1　定义　　白细胞减少症 :ＷＢＣ在 4 0× 1 0 9/Ｌ以下。中性粒细胞减少症 :中性粒细胞绝对值在 2 0× 1 0 9/Ｌ以下。粒细胞缺乏症 :中性粒细胞绝对值在 0 5× 1 0 9/Ｌ以下[1] 。有人将粒细胞减少分为 :轻度 :中性粒细胞绝对值 ( 1 0～ 1 .5)×1 0 9/Ｌ;中度 :中性粒细胞绝对值 ( 5～ 1 .5)× 1 0 9/Ｌ ;重度 :中性粒细胞绝对值 0 5× 1 0 9/Ｌ。发热 :口探一次 38 3℃或 38℃以上持续 1ｈ。感染程度和粒细胞绝对值和持续时间长短有关 ,粒细胞少于 1 0 0 0感染机会增加。少于 50 0感染危险较大 ,少于 1 0 0危险极大。2　特点患者…     

乙型肝炎病人血中性粒细胞超微结构的改变

经电镜检查发现，乙型肝炎病人外周血中性粒细胞存在形态学和超微结构的异常改变。其异常包括粒细胞的形态不规则、多伪足和吞噬空泡、核体密度增加、比表面变小、颗粒减少以及粒细胞出现崩解、核孔和核泡等。本文为乙型肝炎病人粒细胞功能异常提供了形态学上的证据     

外周血中性粒细胞的病态表现对MDS的诊断意义

本文对34例骨髓增生异常综合征的外周血中性粒细胞的病态表现作了观察,并设对照组进行分型,结果发现对无颗粒中性粒细胞及Pelger样中性粒细胞作定量分析,有助于骨髓增生异常综合征的诊断。若对二者进行综合分析,特异性更强,     

洁欣对中性粒细胞减少症合并严重感染的疗效观察

4 4例中性粒细胞 (ANC)减少症合并严重感染者在接受头孢他啶及阿米卡星治疗的同时 ,随机分成加洁欣 (国产rhG -CSF) 2～ 5 μg/ (kg·d)和不加洁欣两组。结果接受抗生素加洁欣治疗的实验组有效率为 95 .4 5 % ,不加洁欣的对照组为 5 9.0 9% ,两组差异显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;实验组中原中性粒细胞较低 (≤ 1.0× 10 9/L)者在接受洁欣后 90 .91%的患者中性粒细胞数增高 ,而对照组只有 5 4 3.5 5 % (P <0 .0 1) ,且中性粒细胞数恢复至正常的时间及发热患者体温降至正常的时间 ,实验组较对照组有明显缩短 (P <0 .0 1) ,提示洁欣与广谱抗生素联合治疗ANC减少症合并感染可缩短ANC减少的持续时间 ,加快骨髓造血功能及外周血ANC的恢复 ,减少抗生素使用时间并可提高抗菌的疗效 ,故洁欣升白的作用明确 ,副作用小 ,应尽早使用     

脑心康颗粒剂治疗气血亏虚型健忘症临床观察

[目的]探讨脑心康颗粒剂治疗气血亏虚型健忘症的疗效。[方法]选择气血亏虚型健忘症患者160例,随机分为治疗组120例,服用脑心康颗粒剂;对照组40例,服用安神补脑液,疗程为4周。观察治疗前后患者的中医症状、遗忘等各项指标。[结果]临床观察表明脑心康颗粒剂能降低气血亏虚型健忘患者的健忘积分,改善患者失眠、头晕心悸、气短懒言、面色少华等中医症候积分,提高患者生活自理能力和计算能力,总有效率为92.5%,P〈0.01,有显著性差异。[结论]脑心康颗粒剂是治疗气血亏虚型健忘症的有效中药制剂。     

Characteristics of neutrophils infiltration in ventilation-induced lung injury

Neutrophils play a critical role in ventilation-induced lung injury. This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of neutrophils influx in lungs induced by high tidal volume ventilation. Anaesthetized rats were randomly divided into low tidal volume ventilation group (Vt: 7 mL/kg, LV group) or high tidal volume ventilation group (Vt:42mL/kg, HV group ) (n=40 in each). Rats in each group were ventilated for 0, 60, 90, 120 and 240 min. The wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D) was measured. The levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was counted after Wright’s staining, and the percentage of netrophils in lung tissues calculated. Histopatholgical examination was used to observe the changes of lung tissues after different ventilations. The results showed that the W/D weight ratio was increased, and the levels of MIP-2 and TNF-α significantly enhanced in HV group at 90, 120 and 240 min. Neutrophils in BALF and the neutrophil percentage in lung tissues were also elevated at 120 and 240 min, which coincided with the enhanced activity of MPO in HV group. The lung injury was significantly related with the ventilation time and the infiltration of neutrophils in lungs in HV group. In conclusion, in ventilation-induced lung injury, neutrophil infiltration is present in a time-dependent manner and associated with the aggravated lung injury. Pulmonary structural damage may be the main reason for ventilation-induced lung injury.     

Pro-apoptotic role of NF-κB pathway inhibition in lipopolysaccharide stimulated polymorphonuclear neutrophils

Objective To investigate the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated apoptosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).Methods Rats with acute lung injury induced by LPS intratracheal instillation and cultured human venous PMNs were studied. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and gliotoxin were used as NF-κB inhibitors. Additionally, to explore the role of extracellularly regulated protein kinase as an upstream signal in NF-κB pathway on regulating LPS-stimulated PMN apoptosis, PD098059, the specific inhibitor of extracellularly regulated protein kinase, was also applied. The lung injury was determined by protein content and PMN numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PMN apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) end labeling and DNA fragmentation. IκBα degradation was analyzed by Western blot. NF-κB DNA binding activity was detected by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay.Results (1) The increase of protein content and PMN numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid induced by LPS (100μg per rat) intratracheal instillation were alleviated by PDTC (50, 100, or 200mg/kg, i. p. ) in a dose-dependent manner. (2) PMNs apoptosis in vivo or in vitro was delayed by LPS, and accelerated by PDTC, gliotoxin or PD098059 pretreatment. (3) IκBα degradation and increased NF-KB DNA binding activity mediated by LPS were inhibited by PDTC, gliotoxin or PD098059 pretreatment.Conclusion Inhibition of either NF-κB itself or the upstream signals in NF-κB pathway such as extracellularly regulated protein kinases has therapeutic effect on LPS-induced acute lung injury, in which the dysregulation of PMN apoptosis plays an important role.     

椎间隙感染的超微结构观察

目的探讨椎间隙感染的病理过程和发病机制以及对抗生素的疗效。方法在通过椎间隙内注射金黄色葡萄球菌 的方法建立兔椎间隙感染的动物模型。随机分组后,分别在术后ｌ、２、４、８、１２、１６周,取兔椎间盘进行透射电镜观察其细 胞学变化。结果椎间隙感染早期导致髓核软骨样细胞破坏核溶解,高尔基体消失、胶原纤维破坏,晚期以结缔组织增 生,椎体间融合,用抗生素治疗时破坏减轻。结论椎间隙感染是以炎症增生性反应病理过程,与椎间盘组织自身免疫相 关。     

益气维血治疗妊娠期缺铁性贫血疗效分析

目的探讨益气维血颗粒对妊娠期缺铁性贫血（ＩＤＡ）的疗效。方法对妊娠ＩＤＡ患者２２０例作随机疗效观察,其中益气维血颗粒治疗组１２０例,硫酸亚铁制剂治疗组１００例为对照组。结果治疗组有效１０８例,总有效率９０％;对照组有效６８例,总有效率６８％,治疗组疗效高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。治疗前两组Ｈｂ、ＲＢＣ、ＳＦ均无显著差异,而治疗后,两组Ｈｂ、ＲＢＣ、ＳＦ均有升高,治疗前后有显著性差异（Ｐ均〈０．０１     

益气维血治疗妊娠期缺铁性贫血疗效分析

目的　探讨益气维血颗粒对妊娠期缺铁性贫血(IDA)的疗效。方法　对妊娠期IDA患者220例作随机疗效观察,其中益气维血颗粒治疗组120例,硫酸亚铁制剂治疗组100例为对照组。结果　治疗组有效108例,总有效率90％;对照组有效68例,总有效率68％,治疗组疗效高于对照组(P<0．01)。治疗前两组Hb、RBC、SF均无显著性差异,而治疗后,两组Hb、RBC、SF均有升高,治疗前后有显著性差异(P均<0．01),治疗组疗效更明显;两组治疗后的Hb、RBC、SF数值也有显著性差异(P<0．01或P<0．05)。结论　用益气维血颗粒治疗妊娠期IDA疗效好于传统的硫酸亚铁制剂,益气维血颗粒冲剂可取代传统的硫酸亚铁制剂。     

锌对大鼠发育脑海马超微结构的影响

通过电镜观察从哺乳期开始缺锌（ＺＤ）、高锌（ＺＥ）大鼠脑海马ＣＡ３区的超微结构，发现ＺＤ组锥体细胞突触小泡减少，ＺＥ组锥体细胞、胶质细胞、突触等均有不同程度变性，突触小泡破裂。结果提示海马超微结构的变化是ＺＤ和ＺＥ影响学习记忆的物质基础或机理之一。     

Do neutrophils actively participate in airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma?

Previous studies have demonstrated an increase of neutrophils in lung tissues, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), and sputum of subjects with severe, often glucocorticoid ( GC )-dependent asthma, but the mechanisms behind this are not clear.     

Effects of tetrandrine on the changes of free calcium level in neutrophils after smoke inhalation injury in the rabbit

The changes of the cytoplasmic free calcium level in the neutrophils after smoke in-halation injury were observed in rabbits and then the effects of tetrandrine,a calcium antago-nist,on the changes of free calcium level were studied.It was found that the number of neu-trophils increased significantly preceded by a transient decrease in the blood and also increasedin the bronehoalveolar lavage fluid after smoke inhalation.and the level of cytoplasmic free calci-um in the blood neutrophil increased likewise.Administration of tetrandrine resulted in a reduc-tion of the neutrophils number in the lungs and the free calcium level in the blood neutrophils toalleviate the pulmonary injury due to smoke inhalation.It is believed that there is a close rela-tionship between the activation of neutrophils and the pathophysiological changes of the lungs,and tetrandrine can exert its therapeutic effects on the injury by decreasing the free calcium levelin the neutrophils to modulate their functions.     

糖皮质激素对心脏瓣膜置换术围术期肺动脉血中性粒细胞和肺换气功能的影响

目的 研究糖皮质激素对心脏瓣膜置换术围术期肺动脉血中中性粒细胞和肺换气功能的影响。方法 36例拟择期行心脏辩膜置换术的患者，随机分为对照组（C组）、琥珀酰氢化考的松组（HSS组）和甲泼尼松龙琥珀酸钠组（MPS组）。于麻醉前（T0）、CPB前（T1）、腔静脉开放后5min（T2）、1h（T1）、2h（T4）、18h（T5）、28h（L）7个时点行桡动脉血血气分析，并计算呼吸指数（RI）、氧合指数（OI）、PaO2／PAO2比率（a／A）。于T1、T2、T3、T4、T5；时点采集患者肺动脉血，行全血中性粒细胞计数和中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶浓度测定。结果 C组RI显著高于HSS组和MPS组（P〈0．01），OI、a／A显著低于另两组（P〈0．05）。3组中性粒细胞计数均逐渐升高，于T5达到高峰（P〈0．01）。同时，C组弹性蛋白酶浓度于T2、L3、T4和T5的升高幅度显著大于其余两组（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。偏相关分析：中性粒细胞数量、弹性蛋白酶浓度与RI、OI、a／A分别呈显著正或负相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论 心脏辩膜置换术的患者在术前2h静脉给予甲泼尼松龙琥珀酸钠（10mg／kg）或琥珀酰氢化考的松（5mg／kg，CPB前再追加5mg／kg），可部分抑制肺动脉血中中性粒细胞的激活，并可以在CPB后一定时期内改善患者肺换气功能。