易化经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死后心室重构的阻抑作用

目的:通过平衡法核素心室造影(ERNA)方法,对比评价溶栓、经桡动脉入径直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)和易化PCI对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心室重构的阻抑作用。方法:选择发病10h内的首次急性前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者143例,随机分为直接PCI组71例和易化PCI组72例,另选择同期入院且一般临床资料匹配,但仅行溶栓治疗的70例患者为溶栓组。3组患者分别于AMI后1周、28周行ERNA,测定左室收缩功能参数及反常容积指数(PVI),随访28周内主要恶性心脏事件(MACE)的发生率。结果:①直接PCI组在PCI前梗死相关动脉(IRA)开通率明显低于溶栓组和易化PCI组(8.45%:31.43%,χ2=11.69;8.45%:30.56%,χ2=11.09;均P<0.01)。易化PCI组术后IRA血流TIMI-3级率高于直接PCI组(98.61%:88.73%,χ2=4.35,P<0.05)。②AMI后28周随访时,易化PCI组左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室峰射血率(PER)较溶栓组增高(t=2.21、2.29,均P<0.05),同时左室峰射血率时间(TPER)、PVI降低(t=2.41、2.37,均P<0.05);易化PCI组LVEF、PER较直接PCI组增高(t=2.08和2.13,均P<0.05),同时TPER、PVI降低(t=2.10、2.49,均P<0.05)。③随访28周,易化PCI组和直接PCI组MACE发生率均低于溶栓组(8.33%:54.29%,χ2=35.05;8.45%:54.29%,χ2=34.49;均P<0.01);3组间主要脏器大出血和颅内出血的发生率均差异无统计学意义。结论:经桡动脉入径易化PCI治疗可早期充分、持久地开通IRA,能在AMI早期阻抑AMI急性左室重构过程,改善左室收缩功能,其效应优于直接PCI和单纯溶栓治疗。     

rt-PA静脉溶栓与直接冠脉支架术治疗急性心肌梗塞的对比观察

目的 比较rt-PA静脉溶栓与直接冠状动脉支架术治疗急性心肌梗塞(AMI)的近期临床效果.方法 238例AMI患者中,130例行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,108例行直接冠状动脉支架置入术,观察30天.结果 溶栓组中梗塞相关动脉(IRA)临床评价再通者102例,再通率78.5%:直接冠脉支架组术后IRA血流达Ⅱ-Ⅲ达100%.随访1个月,溶栓组和直接冠脉支架组病死率分别为4.3%和0.9%P>0.05);再缺血事件发生率分别为18.5%和0.9%(P<0.05);出血并发症发生率分别为14.6%和1.9%(P<0.05);溶栓组的左室射血分数(LVEF)为52.3±8.0,直接支架组为63.3±9.2(P<0.05).结论 直接冠状动脉支架术治疗AMI与rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗相比具有较高的IRA的再通率和良好的近期预后.     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓并早期介入治疗对左室功能的影响

目的:探讨急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者在等待经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)的时间内,早期给予重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)常规剂量治疗,促进梗塞相关血管(IRA)早期开通,改善左室功能的长期影响(2年)。方法:75例AMI患者在使用阿司匹林和肝素情况下接受rt-PA溶栓治疗。其方法:①所有病人都在发生症状6h内进行治疗,溶栓加PCI;②以快速"首次冲击量方案"给药,于最初5min内给予rt-PA20mg,其余80mg于30min内快速给予;③早期持续给予静脉肝素治疗;④无论血管有无再通,只要梗塞相关血管有≥50%狭窄,均行PCI;⑤在术后2周内和2年,以心脏超声心动图行左室功能检测,并和同期88例AMI直接进行PCI的AMI患者进行对比分析。结果:到达心导管室时,溶栓加PCI组(联合治疗组)在溶栓后血管开通率为88%(TIMIⅡ级占26%,TIMIⅢ级占62%)。而单纯PCI组为36%(未溶栓,自然开通,TIMIⅡ级占20%,TIMIⅢ级占16%),前者血管开通率明显高于后者(P<0.05)。两组总的PCI血管再通率相似,分别为96%,94%。两组TIMIⅢ级患者相同,分别为84%,82%。左室射血分数(LVEF):两周后:联合治疗组的优于单纯PCI组,分别为65.4%,54.6%(P<0.05);两年后:联合治疗组的(60.6%)亦显著优于单纯PCI组(48.23%),P<0.01。结论:联合治疗组(溶栓加PCI)和单纯PCI组相比,早期血管再通率较高,住院2周和远期(术后2年)左心功能恢复较好,值得推广。     

急性心肌梗塞溶栓后早期介入治疗的疗效

目的:直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)和冠状动脉内支架治疗为急性心肌梗塞(AMI)提供了积极有效,并安全的恢复心肌灌注的手段,优于常规溶栓治疗,但冠脉介入仍有时间延误问题。本研究旨在探讨AMI患者在等待经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)的时间延误期内,使用重组组织型溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)常规剂量治疗,促使梗死相关血管(IRA)早期开通的有效性,早期血管开通对左室功能的影响,及溶栓后立即进行PCI的可行性和安全性。方法:75例AMI患者在使用阿斯匹林和肝素情况下接受rt-PA 20 mg 1次静脉推注,随后80 mg在半小时内快速滴入。尽快行急性冠状动脉造影术。无论血管是否再通均行PTCA及支架术(联合治疗组),并和同期进行的88例AMI直接PCI(单纯PCI组)进行对比分析。本试验临床终点包括:到达导管室时血管开通率,PCI的结果,治疗后两周左室功能及不良事件的发生率。结果:到达导管室时, 联合治疗组的血管开通率88%(TIMIⅡ级占26%,TIMIⅢ级占62%),单纯PCI组为36%(自然开通,TIMI Ⅱ级占20%,TIMIⅢ级占16%),P<0.001。两组PCI血管再通率相近,分别为96%,94%。两组IRA恢复TIMIⅢ级者相同,分别为84%,82%。两周后对左室功能(超声EF值)的影响,联合治疗组优于单纯PCI组, 分别为65.4%,54.6%(P<0.05)。两组住院期间不良事件(大出血,脑卒中,再狭窄和死亡)发生率无显著差异。两周住院死亡率联合治疗组为0%,单纯PCI组为3.4 %(P<0.001)。结论:联合治疗组(溶栓+ PCI)和单纯PCI组相比,早期开通率高,住院期间左室功能恢复较好。在等待PCI患者中早期加速进行溶栓可以促进血管早期再通,左室功能恢复;溶栓后随即进行PTCA并不增加PCI的并发症和不良事件发生率。     

AMI静脉溶栓后即行PTCA与直接冠状动脉支架术的疗效比较

目的 比较rt-PA(50mg)静脉溶栓后即刻行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术与直接冠状动脉支架术治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效.方法119例AMI患者随机分为AB两组.A组65例行rt-PA半量(50mg)静脉溶栓后即刻行冠状动脉血管造影,及经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成行术,B组54例行直接冠状动脉支架术.术后观察20天.结果(1)首次冠状动脉造影显示:A组梗塞相关动脉(IRA)69支,开通为54%:B组IRA 57支,开通率为15%.两组开通率相比有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).(2)A,B两组行PTCA和支架置入术后对IRA恢复TIMI Ⅲ级血流效果相同,A组100%,B组98%,两者相比无显著性差异(P>0.05).(3)病人住院10～20天,二维超声心动图显示,左心室射血分数(LVEF)达到或超过60%者,A组为88%,而B组仅占69%.两者相比有显著性差异(P<0.05).(4)脑卒中或大出血并发症两组病例均未发生.(5)住院病死率,A组3%(2/65),B组3.7%(2/54),两者相比无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓后即刻行冠状动脉成形及支架置入术与直接冠状动脉支架置入术治疗AMI临床疗效相比,前者较后者具有更早地使IRA前向血流再灌注,减低冠状动脉支架置入术中并发症发生,从而具有较好的左心室功能保护,且不增加不良事件的发生.     

急性心肌梗死患者初期支架植入和rt-PA静脉溶栓加补救支架植入对比研究

目的比较急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者冠状动脉内初期支架植入和静脉rt-PA溶栓加补救支架植入治疗的临床疗效.方法 98例首次AMI患者随机给以冠状动脉内初期支架植入(初期支架组48例)和静脉rt-PA溶栓加补救支架植入(溶栓加支架组50例).所有患者行急诊冠状动脉造影以TIMI血流分级法判断梗死相关冠状动脉(IRA)开通情况.记录住院期心脏事件;出院前用二维超声心动图测定两组患者左心室舒张末期和收缩末期容量并推算左心室射血分数(LVEF).结果急诊冠状动脉造影显示支架组47例(97.91%)溶栓加支架组50例(100%)IRA血流TIMI 2-3级,但前者IRA前向血流TIMI 3级者明显增多(分别为93.8%和60.0%,P=0.0001).两组患者住院期死亡率和心脏事件相似,但出院前超声心动图显示支架组LVEF(62.01%±14.03%)高于溶栓加支架组(50.01%±132%),P=0.0001.结论与静脉rt-PA溶栓加补支架治疗相比,AMI初期支架植入可更好改善急性期心肌再灌注,并减少患者住院期心功能减退.     

静脉溶栓后急性心肌梗死伴心绞痛急诊介入治疗的预后分析

目的探讨静脉溶栓后急性心肌梗死(AMI)伴心绞痛急诊介入治疗的疗效。方法选择我院2013年3月~2015年3月收治的AMI伴心绞痛患者72例为研究对象,将其随机分成治疗组和对照组,各36例。治疗组在静脉溶栓后进行急诊介入治疗(PCI);对照组未经溶栓直接进行PCI,并比较两组AMI相关动脉(IRA)开通率、疗效,及并发症发生率。结果 PCI前IRA达到TIMI 3级血流者,治疗组为14例(38.89%),显著高于对照组的5例(13.89%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组IRA达TIMI 3级血流者为26例(72.22%),明显多于对照组的18例(50%),住院期间两组均无严重出血并发症发生。结论静脉溶栓后急性心肌梗死(AMI)伴心绞痛静脉溶栓后急诊介入治疗患者IRA再通率高,更有利于保护左心室功能,并降低心脏事件的发生,值得临床推广应用。     

区域救治体系中急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死溶栓后早期介入与直接介入的疗效比较

目的比较急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)溶栓后早期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)与直接PCI的疗效。方法 STEMI患者89例根据治疗方法分为溶栓后早期PCI组41例和直接PCI组48例,分别对两组梗死相关动脉(IRA)的再通率、并发症发生率、支架植入术、住院期间死亡率及1个月后患者左室射血分数(LVEF)等指标进行比较。结果 PCI术前,溶栓后早期PCI组血管开通率85.4%(19.5%TIMI 2级,65.9%TIMI 3级血流),明显高于直接PCI组(18.7%,10.4%为TIMI 2级血流,8.3%TIMI 3级血流,P<0.001)。两组PCI术后TIMI血流分级无统计学差异(P=0.653),但溶栓后早期PCI组所用支架数更少。两组住院期间不良事件发生率(大出血、再梗死、急性左心衰竭和住院天数)无显著差异(P>0.05)。1个月后随访LVEF、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、心源性死亡、再梗死、脑卒中等无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论溶栓后早期PCI治疗是一种有效、安全的替代再灌注策略。     

替罗非班对急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者冠脉内血流及预后的影响

目的探讨冠状动脉内注射血小板GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班对急性心肌梗死(AMI)急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗患者冠脉内TIMI血流的影响。方法选择AMI行PCI患者80例,分为替罗非班组和对照组各40例。比较两组术后TIMI血流级别、住院期间及治疗2个月后主要心脏不良事件(MACE)发生率及出血情况。结果替罗非班组和对照组PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率分别为90.0%和55.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。替罗非班组住院期间及治疗2个月后MACE的发生率分别为7.5%、35.0%,对照组则分别为10.0%、40.0%;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组均无颅内出血等严重出血事件发生。结论替罗非班能明显改善AMI急诊PCI术后TIMI血流状况,降低AMI急诊PCI术后患者MACE发生率,且不增加出血事件。     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行易化经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的疗效评价

目的评价半量瑞替普酶溶栓后行易化经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的疗效和安全性。方法采用前瞻性、开放性的临床研究方法,观察2011年1月至2013年9月在山东省临沂市人民医院接受易化PCI和直接PCI的STEMI患者,分为易化PCI组(65例)和直接PCI组(70例),比较两组患者梗死相关血管(IRA)再通率、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、主要不良心血管事件(MACE,包括心原性死亡、再发心肌梗死、缺血复发、新发心力衰竭或心力衰竭恶化、出血等)发生率。结果易化PCI组再通率95.4%,直接PCI组再通率94.3%,两组患者冠状动脉再通率,术后30 d、3个月、6个月及12个月的LVEF比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后30 d、3个月、6个月、12个月内MACE比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用半量瑞替普酶(r-PA)对STEMI患者行易化PCI是有效、安全的;在无直接PCI条件的医院,易化PCI是可行的。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.