角膜层间晶状体前囊植入联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的 探讨角膜层间晶状体前囊植入联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变的效果.方法 对内眼手术后大泡性角膜病变11例（11眼）施行角膜层间晶状体前囊植入联合羊膜移植术.术后随诊12个月,观察治疗后疼痛等症状缓解情况、角膜水泡消退、角膜上皮愈合情况,以及有无眼部并发症.结果 11例中,9例术后疼痛症状减轻,6例术后视力提高,8例角膜缺损区3周内愈合.结论 在基层医院缺乏角膜材料的情况下,应用角膜层间晶状体前囊植入联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变,可缓解大泡性角膜病患者的痛苦,提高部分患者视力,达到治疗的效果.     

新鲜羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床观察

目的:观察新鲜羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床疗效,探讨大泡性角膜病变有效可行的治疗方法。方法:回顾分析经新鲜羊膜移植进行治疗的13例13眼大泡性角膜病变,其中人工晶状体眼10例,绝对期青光眼2例,外伤性晶状体前脱位1例。对13例患者术后眼部刺激症状消失时间、大泡消失例数、羊膜溶解时间、角膜上皮完全修复时间、视力改善状况进行分析评价,同时与报告中大泡性角膜病变的其他治疗方法上述指标比较。结果:13例大泡性角膜病变患者中10例在术后3d内疼痛消失,13例大泡消失,14d内移植的新鲜羊膜全部溶解,无1例出现排斥反应,14d内角膜上皮完全修复,与报告中除角膜移植外的视力改善率有显著性差异(P<0.05)外,与其余同类方法相关指标比较无统计学差异。结论:新鲜羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变是取材方便、费用低廉、效果可靠的治疗方法。     

大泡性角膜病变的眼外科处理

目的：寻求一种安全有效的手术方案，使大泡性角膜病变获得增视或解除痛苦的临床效果。方法：对角膜表面羊膜贴敷、角膜基质热凝 羊膜贴敷、角膜层间羊膜植入、角膜层间晶状体后囊膜植入、角膜层间前囊膜植入、角膜内皮板层移植等6种术式共40只眼作回顾性临床研究。结果：角膜表面羊膜贴敷术中58％(7／12)、角膜层间羊膜植入75％(3／4)刺激症状消失或减轻；角膜基质热凝 羊膜贴敷100％(8／8)大泡消失，但视力无改善；角膜层间晶状体后囊膜植入100％(10／10)和前囊膜植入100％(4／4)大泡消失伴视力轻微改善；角膜内皮板层移植100％(2／2)大泡消失，角膜恢复透明并获得0．3以上视力。结论：单纯的羊膜贴敷不足以阻止角膜基质水肿和上皮大泡形成；角膜基质热凝造成的瘢痕能阻止上皮大泡形成。但无助于视力的改善；晶状体前／后囊膜具有良好的物理性屏障作用，能够减轻角膜基质水肿和阻止上皮大泡形成，但仍难获得有用视力；带有活性内皮的内皮板层移植，帮助受体重获内皮的物理性屏障功能和代谢性泵功能，角膜透明的生理属性得以恢复，是一种安全的增视性手术。     

角膜层间烧灼联合错位神经根切断及羊膜覆盖术治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的 观察角膜层间烧灼联合错位角膜神经根切断及羊膜覆盖术治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床疗效。方法 选取有明显眼痛且视功能差的大泡性角膜病变患者28人（28只眼）,其中白内障摘除联合人工晶体植入术后16只眼,单纯白内障摘除术后2只眼,白内障针拨术后1只眼,青光眼白内障联合术后3只眼,青光眼滤过术后2只眼,闭角型青光眼绝对期1只眼,眼外伤2只眼,玻璃体切割术后1只眼。对28只眼均行角膜板层切开,层间烧灼,错位角膜神经根切断及羊膜覆盖术。术后随诊观察6～ 32个月,平均18月。结果 术后28只眼中25只眼(89.3％)术后疼痛感消失,3只眼(10.7％)疼痛明显缓解。术后1月8只眼(28.6％)视力提高,20只眼(71.4％)视力同术前。羊膜于术后5 ～45天脱落或溶解,平均28.8天。 术后26只眼(92.9％)角膜上皮在1月内愈合,角膜大泡完全消失,2只眼(7.1％)角膜大泡范围明显缩小。28只眼角膜基质水肿均减轻。随访6～ 32个月均未发现症状复发,角膜大泡复发或其他并发症出现,患者原有残存视力保留或提高。结论 角膜层间烧灼联合角膜错位神经根切断及羊膜覆盖术是缓解视功能差的大泡性角膜病变患者疼痛症状的有效的手术方法。     

Vital confocal microscopy in evaluation of efficacy of personalized cell therapy in management of early postoperative bullous keratopathy

The results of vital confocal microscopy (VCM) of 5 patients with early postoperative bullous keratopathy after cataract phakoemulsification (PE) treated with author's technique of personalized cell therapy (PCT, intracameral injection of activated patient's leukocytes in autologous serum) are presented. In 3 of all presented cases endothelial loss after PE was more than 50%. Before PCT using of VCM was not possible due to corneal edema. After 2-3 PCT sessions corneal clarity recovery was observed and signs of regenerative processes in cornea were captured by VCM: activation of keratocytes (hyperreflective nuclei) and endothelial cells (multinucleated cells), descemet membrane folds smoothening, normalization of epithelium. Results of VCM correlate with biomicroscopic signs of corneal edema resolution, corneal clarity recovery, improvement of visual acuity after PCT.     

羊膜移植治疗早期角膜溶解

目的评价羊膜移植治疗眼热烧伤（化学伤）早期角膜溶解（伤后10～20d）的效果。方法回顾性研究。选择2004年6月至2006年6月在唐山市眼科医院就诊的眼热烧伤（化学伤）早期角膜溶解施行冰冻羊膜移植手术患者30例（30眼）作为手术组,2004年之前30例（30眼）眼热烧伤（化学伤）早期角膜溶解保守治疗病例作为对照组。比较两组中角膜上皮修复程度、基质水肿状态、视力变化及角膜新生血管生长等情况。结果手术组中28例手术后7～15d角膜溶解区修复,角膜上皮完全愈合,基质水肿减轻,视力有不同程度的提高;2例术后角膜继续溶解,采用保守治疗效果不佳,再次行羊膜移植治疗后,角膜上皮完全愈合。对照组中10例在保守治疗7～15d后角膜溶解区修复,基质水肿减轻,视力不同程度提高;10例角膜溶解区部分修复,基质水肿状态与视力变化不明显;10例溶解范围继续加深、扩大,基质水肿无减轻,视力下降。两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.05）。所有病例均有新生血管生长,手术组新生血管较对照组少且较细小。结论羊膜移植手术有利于早期溶解角膜的修复,对于结膜及角膜缘损伤较严重的患者需多次予羊膜移植手术治疗。该手术步骤简单,效果显著,值得推广。     

Quantitative evaluation of corneal epithelial oedema by confocal microscopy

Background:  To develop a novel quantitative index for evaluation of corneal epithelial oedema, the pixel intensity of confocal microscopic images was measured derived from the basal cell layer (BCL) of the corneal epithelium in normal eyes, eyes before and after cataract surgery, and eyes affected by bullous keratopathy.
Methods:  Five eyes of five normal volunteers, 14 eyes of 11 cataract patients and 12 eyes of 12 bullous keratopathy patients were examined by confocal microscopy. The cataract patients underwent cataract surgery, and they were examined by confocal microscopy, corneal pachymetry, and anterior fluorometry both before and at various times after surgery. The pixel intensity of BCL images obtained by confocal microscopy was measured and expressed as the BCL index.
Results:  The coefficient of variation for repeated (five times) measurement of the BCL index in each of the five normal eyes was 3.4%. The BCL index was 54.8 ± 5.3 (mean ± SD) before surgery, increased significantly to 65.2 ± 10.0 on the day after surgery, and gradually decreased thereafter in the cataract patients. The time-course of the BCL index coincided well with that of corneal thickness and anterior fluorometry value. The BCL index in eyes affected by bullous keratopathy was significantly increased at 95.0 ± 6.4.
Conclusion:  The BCL index was increased after cataract surgery and in eyes affected by bullous keratopathy, conditions associated with corneal epithelial oedema. This quantitative measure obtained by confocal microscopy may prove useful in the clinical evaluation of corneal epithelial oedema.     

Thick corneas,large pupils,and a giant problem

An 87-year-old woman presented 1 month after uneventful cataract surgery with ipsilateral corneal edema. She was diagnosed with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and scheduled for endothelial transplantation. A few days later, however, she presented with bilateral corneal edema, dilated pupils, and further reduction of visual acuity. Neuro-ophthalmic evaluation disclosed a bilateral ocular ischemic syndrome causing complete visual loss. Temporal artery biopsy was consistent with giant cell arteritis. Corneal decompensation should be considered as a rare presentation of giant cell arteritis, a diagnosis that ophthalmologists should suspect in any case of unilateral or bilateral ocular ischemic syndrome.     

不同受者同期分别接受同者的角膜移植五例

目的 为提高角膜材料的利用率,探讨将同一噶供者的二个角膜同期移植给不同受者的可行性及手术方法.方法 供者的其中一个角膜材料分别为1例角结膜恶性黑色素瘤,1例蚕蚀性角膜溃疡伴穿孔行前部分板层角膜移植术,并对1例大泡性角膜病变行深板层角膜内皮移植术.另一个角膜材料分别为眼烧伤后重度睑球粘连行全板层角膜移植和1例大泡性角膜病变行深板层角膜内皮移植术.结果 5例角膜病患者手术均获得成功,其中2例大泡性角膜病变患者术后1个月,角膜上皮水泡消失,角膜水肿减轻,内皮植片透明.1例角结膜恶性黑色素瘤患者,视力术前0.3提高至术后0.6,植片透明,角膜植床及结膜无色素残留.1例蚕蚀性角膜伴穿孔经羊膜移植联合部分板层角膜移植治愈.1例眼烧伤睑球粘连患者,术后1个月,睑球粘连完全解除,植片透明,视力由术前0.1提高到0.3.结论 将同一供者的角膜分别移植给不同受者,能充分利用供者角膜材料,方法可行,效果良好.     

大泡性角膜病变18例手术治疗效果回顾性分析

目的:评价羊膜移植几种手术方法治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床效果。方法:对18例大泡性角膜病变患者,分别采取角膜层间烧烙术、新鲜羊膜移植术、角膜灼烙联合羊膜嵌入移植手术。结果:18例大泡性角膜病变患者,术后1～5d疼痛消失,7～12d角膜上皮修复,7～21d后羊膜植片常规溶解。角膜层间烧烙术1眼、新鲜羊膜移植术3眼术后1～2mo再次出现角膜大泡及角膜刺激症状而再次手术。角膜灼烙联合羊膜嵌入移植术,术后当天疼痛消失,14d角膜上皮光滑,角膜大泡消失。随访6～18mo无1例复发,部分患者视力有不同程度的提高。结论:角膜灼烙联合羊膜嵌入移植对大泡性角膜病变具有明显的治疗效果。     

Cryopreserved amniotic membrane transplantation for the management of symptomatic bullous keratopathy

Background: To report the results of cryopreserved human amniotic membrane transplantation for the management of symptomatic bullous keratopathy. Methods: Prospective non‐comparative interventional case series study. Consecutive cases with symptomatic bullous keratopathy for more than 12 months not amenable to conservative treatment were managed with amniotic membrane transplantation. They were recruited over a 5‐year period (September 1999 to November 2004) in one referral centre. Only one eye of each patient (the worse affected eye in bilateral cases) was operated. A 360 degree conjunctival peritomy was followed by removal of the diseased corneal epithelium. Amniotic membrane was transplanted over the cornea as a patch and sutured to the free conjunctival edges. Primary outcome measures were ocular pain and epithelial defects; secondary measures were visual acuity and ocular surface inflammation. Results: Four out of 85 recruited cases did not complete the minimum observation of 12 months and were excluded from the study. The mean follow‐up period for the remaining 81 cases was 21 ± 4.2 months (range 14–34 months). Seventy‐one (87.6%) eyes became asymptomatic with healed epithelium, seven required repeated amniotic transplantation and three underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Visual acuity improved in 64 (79%) patients and remained unchanged in 14. No complications were recorded. Conclusions: Amniotic membrane transplantation is an efficient and safe treatment for symptomatic bullous kerato pathy, when penetrating keratoplasty is not available. It has been shown to alleviate pain, promote corneal epithelialization and reduce conjunctival inflammation whereas in some cases it may also improve visual acuity.     

多层羊膜移植术治疗角膜穿孔

目的:探讨多层羊膜移植术治疗角膜穿孔的效果。方法:对用深低温保存的羊膜材料行多层羊膜移植术治疗角膜穿孔的106例118眼的临床资料进行回顾性分析,术后随访6～18(平均12)mo。对术后角膜穿孔愈合情况、羊膜情况、术后视力、眼压、并发症情况进行观察随访。结果:术后10d～3mo,所有患者角膜穿孔均愈合;内层羊膜均与角膜牢固愈合,34眼于术后10～21d脱落或溶解吸收,37眼于术后2mo内脱落或溶解吸收,47眼于术后3mo内脱落或溶解吸收;术后6mo最佳矫正视力:光感～手动者26眼,指数～0.05者31眼,0.06～0.3者39眼,0.4～0.6者10眼,0.7～0.8者7眼,≥0.9者5眼,与术前相比,视力明显提高,其差异有显著性(χ2=50.68,P<0.01);术后12mo,角膜透明2眼,角膜白斑38眼,角膜斑翳53眼,角膜云翳25眼;术前合并白内障者及术后形成角膜白斑者中的部分患者术后择期行白内障手术或光学性穿透性角膜移植术。结论:用深低温保存的羊膜行多层羊膜移植术对于治疗各种原因所致的角膜穿孔,尤其是3mm以内的角膜穿孔,效果非常显著,可有效促进穿孔愈合,明显提高视力,并为后续治疗创造有利条件。     

Corneal oedema after cataract surgery: predisposing factors and corneal graft outcome

Purpose: Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) is one of the main indications for corneal transplantation. Graft survival and visual outcome in this group are often poorer than for other indications. The aim of this study was to find risk factors for developing corneal oedema after cataract surgery and factors that influence the subsequent survival of the graft and the visual outcome. Methods: We carried out an observational, retrospective cohort study using data from the Swedish Cornea Transplant Register and patient medical records. A total of 273 patients whose indication for corneal transplantation was corneal oedema after cataract surgery were included in the study. Multiple logistic regression analysis and, where appropriate, univariate analyses were applied. Results: A total of 43% of the patients developed persistent corneal oedema immediately after cataract surgery, the main risk factors for which were phacoemulsification and pre‐existing endothelial disease. Almost a third (32%) of the transplants for PBK failed within 2 years, for which rejection and other postoperative complications increased the risk. Half (50%) the patients had visual acuity ≤ 0.1 at 2 years after keratoplasty. Comorbidity, increasing duration of the bullous keratopathy and increasing age affected the visual outcome negatively. Conclusions: Phacoemulsification was a risk factor for immediate persistent corneal oedema after cataract surgery, although it did not increase the overall risk of developing PBK. However, transplants for immediate PBK had a better survival rate than those for later onset PBK. Shorter duration of PBK and intraocular lens exchange at the time of penetrating keratoplasty increased the likelihood of good visual acuity.     

Phototherapeutic keratectomy

Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) is done regularly for anterior corneal diseases such as corneal dystrophies, corneal degenerations, scars, and band-shaped keratopathy. The various indications include both therapeutic and visual. The aim of this article is to discuss the therapeutic indications for PTK, the specific technique pertaining to a specific etiology, the various other procedures like amniotic membrane graft combined with PTK or PTK being done for recurrences in the grafts, and PTK done before cataract surgery when the anterior corneal pathology coexists with the cataract. Post PTK management such as healing of an epithelial defect, use of steroids in the post PTK period, recurrences of primary disease pathology, and infections, will be discussed. Methods of literature search: A Medline search was carried out for articles in the English language, with the keywords, phototherapeutic keratectomy, band-shaped keratopathy, spheroidal degeneration, scars, bullous keratopathy, and corneal dystrophy. The relevant references are mentioned here.     

穿透性角膜移植术治疗内眼术后大泡性角膜病变

目的：评价穿透性角膜移植术治疗内眼术后大泡性角膜病变的临床疗效。方法：我们对因内眼术后发生大泡性角膜病变的11例病人进行回顾性研究，其中9例行穿透性角膜移植术，1例行穿透性角膜移植术联合白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶体植入术，1例行带环形板层巩膜瓣的全角膜移植术。观察术后视力及植片情况。结果：随访4～36个月，平均16．6个月，眼部刺激症状均缓解，术后视力提高10眼，视力无改变1眼；术后9例角膜植片透明，2例再次行穿透性角膜移植术联合小梁切除术。结论：穿透性角膜移植术是治疗大泡性角膜病变的有效方法，不但缓解症状且能不同程度提高视力。     

Amniotic membrane transplantation for bullous keratopathy in eyes with poor visual potential

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of epithelial debridement and amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) for pain and discomfort relief in patients with symptomatic bullous keratopathy and poor visual potential. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA. METHODS: This retrospective study included 18 eyes (18 patients) with bullous keratopathy presenting with intractable pain or discomfort and poor visual potential. After epithelial debridement, all eyes had AMT with the basement membrane side up. During a mean follow-up of 25.1 months +/- 9.6 (SD) (range 12 to 45 months), pain relief, epithelial healing, and visual changes were analyzed. RESULTS: Pain relief was obtained in 88% of patients. Sixty-six percent of eyes had complete resolution of ocular discomfort starting soon after the first postoperative day. One eye had evisceration for persistent pain 10 months postoperatively. Corneal epithelial healing was complete in all except 1 eye. Remaining complaints included foreign-body sensation (5%), tearing (11%), and photophobia (5%). CONCLUSIONS: Amniotic membrane transplantation was a safe, effective, and long-lasting treatment modality for intractable pain associated with chronic bullous keratopathy in eyes with poor visual potential. It can be an alternative to conjunctival flaps for the long-term management of patients with bullous keratopathy in whom corneal transplantation is not indicated. A comparison of the efficacy of AMT with that of other surgical procedures must be performed.     

Penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy after extracapsular cataract extraction

Seventeen women underwent simple penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy after extracapsular cataract extraction. Corneal edema occurred an average of eight months after cataract surgery (range, zero to 32 months). Of 17 corneal grafts, 16 (94%) have remained clear during an average follow-up period of 14 months (range, two to 32 months). One eye had a nonimmunologic graft failure. Of 16 eyes with clear grafts, 14 (87%) achieved a visual acuity of 20/40 or better after surgery. Two eyes with a visual acuity of 20/50 and 20/200 had opacified posterior capsules and one demonstrated age-related macular degeneration. One eye with a postoperative visual acuity of 20/40 demonstrated cystoid macular edema. Fifteen of 17 contralateral eyes showed slit-lamp evidence of endothelial dystrophy.     

板栗刺异物合并感染性角膜溃疡的临床治疗

目的:探讨板栗刺异物合并感染性角膜溃疡患者的临床治疗方法。方法:回顾分析2009-06/2012-10临床收集的28例28眼板栗刺所致角膜异物患者资料,所有患者均伴有外伤眼角膜局部浸润、水肿,角膜表面浅层溃疡形成。板栗刺异物均深达角膜基质层,但未穿透入前房。对所有患者均行急诊手术,剔除角膜异物,对其中14例患者同时行角膜局部清创联合多层羊膜移植术,作为治疗组;其他14例患者拒绝行羊膜移植,仅剔除角膜异物,作为对照组。随访至术后3mo,裂隙灯观察角膜上皮愈合时间,并观察术后视力提高程度及并发症的发生率。结果:治疗组患者角膜上皮平均愈合时间明显较对照组缩短(t=13.6,P<0.05),手术前后治疗组患者视力提高率明显高于对照组,并发症的发生率明显下降。结论:对于中深层板栗刺角膜异物合并角膜溃疡的患者,急诊手术剔除角膜异物同时行羊膜移植手术可以促进角膜修复,并预防伤后并发症的发生。     

Secondary intraocular lens implantation during or after corneal transplantation

An analysis of the effects of secondary intraocular lens implantation on the clinical results of corneal transplantation in four groups of eyes showed that the mean visual acuity in 27 eyes undergoing intraocular lens implant at the time of aphakic keratoplasty and in 12 eyes undergoing intraocular lens implantation after corneal transplant was approximately 20/40; the visual acuity in 24 eyes undergoing intraocular lens exchange at the time of transplant for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and in 18 eyes undergoing intraocular lens removal at the time of transplant for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy was poorer. The techniques used were simple and did not increase the incidence of transplant complications. Intraocular lens implantation combined with corneal transplants should be considered in aphakic eyes requiring corneal transplants, in eyes requiring simultaneous cataract extraction and corneal transplants, and in eyes in which cataracts have developed after corneal transplant.     

Retained nuclear fragment found during Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty

An 82-year-old man with a 2- to 3-month history of progressive visual loss due to corneal edema was referred to our center. The ocular history was significant for uneventful cataract surgery approximately 3 years earlier. Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy was diagnosed and Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) performed. During surgery, a retained nuclear fragment was discovered in the anterior chamber. The fragment was removed and the DSAEK completed successfully. At the 4-month follow-up, the symptoms had completely resolved and the uncorrected distance visual acuity in the affected eye was 20/40.