几种常见医用输液自动换瓶装置的比较研究

自动换瓶能降低护士工作强度,提高输液舒适性而成为输液报警设备的替代产品,在文献和专利库中有多种自动换瓶设备的介绍。对其进行系统性分类并选取其中有代表意义的设计进行分析能帮助我们找准研究方向。     

山东新华安得医疗用品有限公司智能型输液器

排气、止液、过滤三效合一陕速排气：输液前自动排气输液中自动排气换瓶时自动排气·分隔止液：自动分隔气液有效延迟回血·精密过滤：滤除率达99％（行业标准为90％）     

FC-5型脂肪厚度测定仪

由“KTK”公司研制成的 Fc-5型脂肪厚度测定仪,是利用超声原理,由微电脑控制,专门用于测定脂肪厚度的仪器。这种仪器的最大特点是具有清晰的数字显示,直接读数,操作简易,携带方便。需要换电池时,仪器会自动告示。该仪器以电池作电源,适合于医院、诊所、学校、运动场、俱乐部等场所使用。     

WHS—1型半自动生化分析仪的临床应用评价

军事医学科学院卫生装备研究所研制的WHS—1型半自动生化分析仪具有体积小、重量轻、任意选择进口、国产或自配试剂等优点,特别适用于中小型医院生化室和各种应急情况的检查。我们从临床使用角度对该仪器进行评价。1 仪器特点该仪器在500~630nm波长范围内可用终点法进行多种生化项目的检测,并且快速、微量,最终试剂量仅需1ml。仪器体积小(490mm×420mm×190mm),重量轻(8kg),程序控制采用触摸键,显示为液晶显示屏。仪器由主机、打印机和废液瓶组成。其中打印机通过一条偏平电缆线与主机连接,废液瓶和主机通过2根胶管以及液位报警器连接。主机由微电脑、光电检测、液路等部分组成,光电检测部分采用间歇式自动调光、波长自动转换、零点自动补偿等技术。各部件组成设计合理,技术先进。     

F系列自动血球计数仪液路系统原理及故障维修

日本东亚公司产F系列自动血球计数仪包括F-300、F-500、F-800、F-820等型号,各种型号的仪器电路各有不同,但液路系统基本相同。液路系统由血球计数换能头、压力源(正、负压泵)、电磁阀、定量压力管、缓冲容器、压力控制器、贮气容器、废液瓶、稀释液容器、清洗液容器等元件构成     

嘴吸式免换芯净水瓶——军用野外卫生装备

正嘴吸式免换芯净水瓶是军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所研制和生产的军工专利成果,获得军队科技进步二等奖和国家实用新型专利。通过中国人民解放军卫生监测中心的水质检测。嘴吸式免换芯净水瓶具有贮水和净化功能,可去除水中的泥沙、铁锈、悬浮物、浑浊物、胶体、虫卵、细菌、病毒、大分子有机物及部分农药、洗涤剂、重金属等,保留对人体有     

嘴吸式免换芯净水瓶——军用野外卫生装备

<正>嘴吸式免换芯净水瓶是军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所研制和生产的军工专利成果,获得军队科技进步二等奖和国家实用新型专利。通过中国人民解放军卫生监测中心的水质检测。●嘴吸式免换芯净水瓶具有贮水和净化功能,可去除水中的泥沙、铁锈、悬浮物、浑浊物、胶体、虫卵、细菌、病毒、大分子有机物及部分农药、洗涤剂、重金属等,保留对人体有     

嘴吸式免换芯净水瓶——军用野外卫生装备

正嘴吸式免换芯净水瓶是军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所研制和生产的军工专利成果,获得军队科技进步二等奖和国家实用新型专利。通过中国人民解放军卫生监测中心的水质检测。嘴吸式免换芯净水瓶具有贮水和净化功能,可去除水中的泥沙、铁锈、悬浮物、浑浊物、胶体、虫卵、细菌、病毒、大分子有机物及部分农药、洗涤剂、重金属等,保留对人体有益的矿物质,适合自来水、雨水、井水、水窖水、溪流水、     

嘴吸式免换芯净水瓶——军用野外卫生装备

正嘴吸式免换芯净水瓶是军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所研制和生产的军工专利成果,获得军队科技进步二等奖和国家实用新型专利。通过中国人民解放军卫生监测中心的水质检测。嘴吸式免换芯净水瓶具有贮水和净化功能,可去除水中的泥沙、铁锈、悬浮物、浑浊物、胶体、虫卵、细菌、病毒、大     

简易型垃圾瓶自动分类回收装置

针对国内饮料垃圾瓶产生量大、人工回收效率低的问题,研究了一种垃圾瓶自动分类回收装置。该装置通过压力传感器自动获取垃圾瓶中剩余饮料量,通过金属传感器自动识别垃圾瓶的材质;应用单片机系统控制电动门,挡住剩余饮料过多的垃圾瓶;同时驱动一种"V"型电动门,借助重力,自动分开、回收塑料瓶和易拉罐,无需传输装置。该装置结构简易,成本低,具有较好的实用价值和市场前景。     

Autoclaves and their dangers and safety in laboratories.

Using a laboratory downward displacement vertical autoclave with the help of thermocouples recorded on a 12 point multichannel strip recorder, the risk of failing to sterilize laboratory discard buckets has been demonstrated. The use of proper temperature and time controls can prevent this risk. A load in a bucket with perforated sides is more easily sterilized than in a solid bucket. Wire baskets, where appropriate, facilitate the sterilizing practice. The addition of water to a bucket does not reduce the time of heating up. It is desirable that sealed bottles of media should not be sterilized in simple downward displacement autoclaves, but if used, strict monitoring of temperatures and times is essential both in the heating up stage and especially in the cooling stage. The temperatures in bottles are slow to rise and very slow to fall. Bottles at high temperature 80-105 degrees C. or over have a high internal pressure which can allow the bottles to explode when subjected to thermal shock if removed too early. It is suggested that all laboratory autoclaves should have a load temperature simulator or similar device to control the temperature of the load during the cycle automatically. For the sterilization of fluid media, it is suggested that, in addition to a simulator there should be accelerated cooling to reduce damage to the media and, what is more important, to rapidly bring down the temperature and thus the internal pressure in the bottles to a safe level. The opening of the sterilizer door or lid should be automatically controlled by the load temperature simulator.     

医用氧疗湿化系统的清洗消毒方法改进

目的探讨医院各科室氧疗湿化系统清洗消毒方法存在的不足,采取改进措施,减少污染。方法设常规组、观察组,两组湿化瓶均用流动水冲洗后,放入500 mg/L有效氯溶液的加盖容器中浸泡30 min,常规组用蒸馏水冲洗、晾干、包装,湿化液用蒸馏水;而观察组将湿化瓶放入65℃的烘箱内烘60 min,湿化液改用瓶装灭菌水,然后对消毒后的氧气湿化瓶和湿化液采取分期抽样检测并进行对比。结果湿化瓶细菌污染件数常规组为19.17%、观察组为0.83%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),湿化液细菌污染率常规组为21.57%、观察组为1.96%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论湿化瓶清洗消毒后加用烘箱进行干燥处理,可明显降低氧疗湿化系统细菌污染,有效控制医院感染的发生。     

School milk and risk of colorectal cancer: a national case-control study

To determine whether school milk consumption in childhood decreased the risk of adult colorectal cancer, the authors conducted a national population-based, case-control study of 562 cases and 571 controls. The authors identified new cases of colorectal cancer in 2007 among people aged 30-69 years from the New Zealand Cancer Registry. Controls were randomly selected from the electoral rolls and frequency matched to cases in 5-year age groups. Participation in school milk programs was associated with a reduced odds ratio for colorectal cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51, 0.96). Odds ratios decreased with increasing numbers of bottles of milk drunk compared with no school milk (for 1-799 bottles, OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.67; for 800-1,199 bottles, OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.29; for 1,200-1,599 bottles, OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.93; for 1,600-1,799 bottles, OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.90; and for 1,800 or more bottles, OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.96). Participation in school milk programs in New Zealand was associated with a 2.1% reduction (95% CI: 0.7, 3.5) in the odds ratio for colorectal cancer for every 100 half-pint bottles drunk (1 half-pint bottle = 284 mL).     

注水瓶连续使用时间对其中水细菌污染情况的影响

目的 探讨注水瓶的连续使用时间。方法 采用前瞻性研究方法监测重庆市某三甲医院内镜中心的5套注水瓶,2019年7月—2019年11月将注水瓶灌注无菌水,于第1、2、3、4、5天每日诊疗结束采集水标本进行微生物学检测,监测注水瓶水细菌种类及细菌菌落数合格率。结果 注水瓶水在第1、2、3、4、5天的细菌菌落数合格率分别为96.0%、82.0%、76.0%、70.0%、38.0%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。共分离69株细菌,均为条件致病菌,以解甘露醇罗尔斯顿菌、铜绿假单胞菌较多,分别为29、10株。结论 医疗机构应充分重视内镜诊疗用水的微生物污染,注水瓶水已成为诊疗水的潜在污染源,为降低内镜诊疗安全隐患,注水瓶连续使用不得超过1 d。     

Jackdaws and magpies as vectors of milkborne human Campylobacter infection

In 1990 we reported that milk bottles pecked by jackdaws and magpies were a probable source of human campylobacter infection. During April to June 1990 an extended study of campylobacter infections was carried out in the Gateshead area. Prior to the study a health education programme was undertaken in an attempt to reduce human infection. Fifty-nine cases of human infection were recorded and 52 were interviewed. Thirty were entered into a case control study which demonstrated a very strong association between consumption of pecked milk and human campylobacter infection (chi 2 = 12.6, P less than 0.0004). It was estimated that between 500 and 1000 jackdaws (Corvus monedula) were present in the area where milk bottles were pecked and 63 isolates of campylobacter were made from the bill and cloaca. Target bottles were put out in the early mornings and campylobacters were isolated from 12 of 123 pecked bottles. Typing of the campylobacters revealed a wide distribution of strains amongst birds, pecked milk and human infections. The health education programme had only limited success.     

注水瓶连续使用时间对其中水细菌污染情况的影响

目的 探讨注水瓶的连续使用时间。方法 采用前瞻性研究方法监测重庆市某三甲医院内镜中心的5套注水瓶,2019年7月—2019年11月将注水瓶灌注无菌水,于第1、2、3、4、5天每日诊疗结束采集水标本进行微生物学检测,监测注水瓶水细菌种类及细菌菌落数合格率。结果 注水瓶水在第1、2、3、4、5天的细菌菌落数合格率分别为96.0%、82.0%、76.0%、70.0%、38.0%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。共分离69株细菌,均为条件致病菌,以解甘露醇罗尔斯顿菌、铜绿假单胞菌较多,分别为29、10株。结论 医疗机构应充分重视内镜诊疗用水的微生物污染,注水瓶水已成为诊疗水的潜在污染源,为降低内镜诊疗安全隐患,注水瓶连续使用不得超过1 d。     

Impact of Sizes of Servings,Glasses and Bottles on Alcohol Consumption: A Narrative Review

This review summarises the evidence on the impact of serving and container size on how much people drink, interventions that have the potential to reduce alcohol consumption across populations, thereby improving health. A rapid search identified 10 published reports of 15 studies and 1 review. Four studies focused on serving size, eight studies and the review on glass size, two studies on bottle size and one on both glass and bottle size. Twelve studies and the review focused on wine, one study on beer and two on both. All were conducted in England, by just two research groups. Removing the largest serving size of wine decreased wine sales by 7.6% (95% CI −12.3%, −2.9%) in a study in 21 licenced premises, reflecting findings from two prior studies in semi-naturalistic settings. Adding a serving size for beer that was a size smaller than the largest was assessed in one study in 13 licenced premises, with no evident effect. Reducing the size of wine glasses in restaurants decreased wine sales by 7.3% (95% CI −13.5%, −1.5%) in a mega-analysis of eight datasets from studies in five licensed premises. Using smaller wine glasses at home may also reduce consumption, but the evidence from just one study is less certain. No studies have assessed the impact of glass size for drinking beer. The effect of bottles smaller than the standard 750 mL on wine consumed at home was assessed in two studies: 500 mL bottles reduced consumption by 4.5% (95% CI −7.9%, −1.0%) in one study, but in another, using 375 mL bottles there was no evident effect. No studies assessed the impact of bottle or other container size for drinking beer. Reducing the size of servings, glasses and bottles could reduce wine consumption across populations. The impact of similar interventions for reducing consumption of other alcoholic drinks awaits evaluation. Further studies are also warranted to assess the generalisability of existing evidence.     

消毒供应室集中清洗消毒氧气湿化瓶的效果分析

目的探究消毒供应室集中清洗消毒氧气湿化瓶所发挥的效果。方法选择该院在2019年12月—2020年3月进行清洗消毒的氧气湿化瓶1000件,分为研究组和对照组,各500件,研究组应用消毒供应室集中清洗消毒管理方式,对照组实施病房分散消毒管理,对比两组消毒保存后第1、7、14、21、28天的细菌监测合格率。结果两组在消毒后第1天湿化瓶细菌监测合格率均为100%;研究组随后持续4次监测合格率均为100%,其余7、14、21、28 d细菌监测合格率均显著高于对照组,数据对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用消毒供应室集中清洗消毒氧气湿化瓶可显著提升清洗、消毒质量,延长无菌保存时间,有助于降低吸氧治疗患者院内感染风险,值得应用。     

Microbial contamination of eye drops

The microbial contamination of eye drops at the Eye Clinic was studied. In total, 92 eye drop bottles were examined. 43 bottles were opened and used and 49 were unopened and sealed. The contamination rate was found to be 10.2% in unopened bottles and 34.8% in opened bottles. The opened bottles had been used for two weeks. Six of the samples yielded coagulase-negative Staphylococci and nine samples yielded one or two different microorganisms. The contamination rate in bottles containing the preservative benzalkonium chloride was 34.4%. Among unopened eye drop bottles two samples yielded S. aureus, two coagulase-negative Staphylococci and one Bacillus spp.     

4018份血培养中厌氧血培养的价值分析

目的 了解送检厌氧血培养瓶对病原菌检出率及阳性结果报告时间的影响.方法 对2011年1月-2012年3月送检的4018份疑似血流感染患者的血培养结果进行统计学分析.结果 同时送检需氧瓶和厌氧瓶的检出率达14.11％,高于仅送检需氧瓶的9.26％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);厌氧瓶中大肠埃希菌和肠球菌属的阳性结果报告时间(306、630min)明显短于需氧瓶(612、810 min)(P＜0.05);同时送检需氧瓶和厌氧瓶的病份中,厌氧瓶阳性而需氧瓶阴性者占2.42％,厌氧瓶培养可增加血流感染病原菌检出率达17.11％.结论 增加厌氧瓶培养可以提高阳性率并缩短阳性结果报告时间,临床上要加强厌氧血培养瓶的送检.