老年胃癌患者围手术期呼吸道管理体会

目的：探讨老年胃癌患者围术期的呼吸道管理方法。方法对62例老年胃癌患者围手术期呼吸道问题进行干预，采取相应护理措施，并按要求指导患者训练。结果62例胃癌患者均无肺部并发症发生，平稳渡过了手术期。结论加强围手术期呼吸道管理，能有效预防肺部并发症的发生，促进患者康复。     

老年人胆囊癌围手术期护理体会

目的总结老年人胆囊癌围手术期的护理经验，为老年人胆囊癌围手术期护理提供参考。方法对27例胆囊癌患者行手术治疗，并对患者围手术期护理进行分析。结果24例胆囊癌患者经手术治疗后得到有效控制，2例患者经手术治疗后病情无明显改善，1例在围手术期死亡。结论胆囊癌老年高危患者手术风险大，基础疾病及并发症多,良好的围手术期护理,可减少术后并发症的发生，也可降低胆囊癌患者的死亡率。     

80例腹腔镜妇科手术围手术期临床护理体会

目的 总结腹腔镜妇科手术围手术期护理的临床效果及体会.方法 对2008年6月～2009年5月我院行腹腔镜妇科手术80例患者采取的围手术期护理术后病情监测并密切关注及预防并发症的出现.结果 80例患者恢复良好,无并发症出现,住院时间3～6日.结论 有效地围手术期护理可以提高腹腔镜手术的成功率,减少术后并发症的发生.     

胃癌患者应用围手术期护理干预对满意度的影响

目的：探究围术期护理干预对胃癌患者满意度的影响。方法资料随机选取95例胃癌手术患者,随机分为研究组48例,对照组47例。对照组予以常规护理,研究组予以综合护理干预,分析两组术后恢复情况、患者满意度和并发症情况。结果研究组术后恢复情况各指标均少于对照组;研究组患者满意度各指标评分均高于对照组;研究组并发症发生率低于对照组(<0.05)。结论围术期护理干预可显著提升胃癌患者满意度,促进患者术后恢复,并提高其生活质量。     

针对性护理干预在急性阑尾炎患者围手术期的临床应用价值分析

目的分析针对性护理干预在急性阑尾炎患者围手术期的临床应用价值。方法选取2018年5月至2019年5月本院收治的104例急性阑尾炎患者作为研究对象,按照护理方法的不同分为干预组(54例)和对照组(50你)。对照组患者围手术期给予常规护理,干预组患者围手术期实施针对性护理干预。比较2组术后下床时间、初次排气时间、护理满意度和并发症发生情况(术后出血、切口感染、腹腔脓肿等)。结果干预组患者术后下床时间和初次排气时间均显著早于对照组(P0.05);干预组患者护理满意度较对照组高,并发症发生率较对照组低(P0.05)。结论对急性阑尾炎患者围手术期开展针对性护理干预可有效促进患者胃肠功能恢复,加速手术切口愈合并降低并发症发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

股骨粗隆间骨折的围手术期护理

目的 探讨股骨粗隆间骨折的围手术期护理.方法采取术前、术后、以及康复锻炼的综合护理措施,促进患者早日康复.结果 本组患者无一例护理并发症的发生结论通过加强对手术患者的围手术期护理,可明显降低患者的并发症.     

膝关节镜手术围手术期的护理

目的探讨膝关节镜手术的围手术期护理,为今后临床治疗和护理提供依据。方法采集我科2012年9月~2013年12月对19例膝关节镜手术患者的术前、术后护理,并发症的预防及科学的康复训练。结果减轻患者的心理恐惧,19例患者全部顺利康复出院,无感染,无并发症发生,膝关节功能恢复良好。结论规范化的围手术期护理及康复指导是膝关节镜手术成功的重要保证。     

宫腔镜手术患者的护理干预

目的：探讨护理干预对宫腔镜手术患者的影响。方法总结进行宫腔镜手术患者的围术期护理干预。结果术后恢复良好,无1例发生并发症。结论为确保宫腔镜手术成功,必须加强手术患者的围术期护理干预。     

48例喉癌患者围手术期护理体会

目的探讨喉癌围手术期的护理方法。方法回顾性分析48例喉癌患者围手术期护理资料。结果所施术患者均达到预期的治疗效果,48例喉癌病人均痊愈出院。结论做好喉癌术后护理,能提高手术成功率,减少术后并发症的发生,提高患者生存率。     

老年食管癌患者围手术期的护理

目的：探讨高龄食管癌患者围手术期的护理措施。方法随机将12例高龄食管癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,患者分为干预组和对照组,各6例,干预组在常规护理的基础上,进行以患者为中心的整体护理,在整个护理过程中施行综合护理干预。对所有患者均采取术前护理、术后护理以及心理护理的措施。结果干预组6例高龄食管癌患者经过围手术期的护理与指导,防止或减少老年术后并发症的发生。结论加强对高龄食管癌患者围手术期的护理,不仅有利于提高手术的成功率,还能够明显缩短住院时间和减少并发症的出现,另外对促进高龄食管癌患者的快速康复也起着重要的作用。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.