Altered nuclear factor-kappaB inducing kinase expression in insulin-resistant mice

Background  Insulin resistance is an underlying feature of both type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Currently, it is unclear whether nuclear factor (NF)-κB inducing kinase (NIK) plays a role in the development of insulin resistance. The present in vivo study investigated the roles of NIK and IκB kinase α (IKKα) in obesity-induced insulin resistance using animal models.

Methods  NIK expression was evaluated by Western blotting in male Lep^ob mice and C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (45% fat). After metformin and sulfasalazine treatment, NIK expression was investigated during the improvement of insulin resistance.

Results  NIK was increased by about 1-fold in the renal tissues of Lep^ob mice and C57BL/6J mice fed a HFD for 12 weeks. After 1 and 3 weeks of high-fat feeding, we observed an almost 50% decrease in NIK and IKKα expression in the liver and renal tissues of C57BL/6J mice. NIK expression was significantly lower in the liver and renal tissues of HFD-fed mice that were treated with insulin sensitizers, metformin and sulfasalazine. However, IKKα expression was increased after metformin treatment in both tissues.

Conclusion  These results suggest a possible role of NIK in the liver and renal tissues of insulin-resistant mice.

     

Expectant management of heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy

Background  Heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy (HCSP) is a very rare but life-threatening entity and there is no optimal management strategy. Here we report a successfully managed case of HCSP with expectant treatment in a tertiary referral hospital.

Methods  A woman with HCSP after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer opted for expectant treatment after five days of mild bleeding and ultrasound demonstrated cardiac activity disappearance of the scar pregnancy at 8⁺⁴ weeks of gestation.

Results  The patient had mild to moderate bleeding during close monitoring. Three days later, speculum examination revealed the gestational mass was partly protruding at the os of the cervix and it was removed with forceps without massive hemorrhage. A healthy male baby was delivered by cesarean section at gestational age of 36⁺⁴ weeks.

Conclusions  The expectant method might be an alternative option for a HCSP with loss of cardiac activity of the scar pregnancy, when applied under supportive management and with available emergency surgery facilities.

     

Clinical study of distribution and drug resistance of pathogens in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

Background  Previous researches about necrotic pancreatic tissue infections are numerous, but the study on systemic infection related to the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) treatment period is limited. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients who had hepatobiliary surgery for SAP during the past three years. 

Methods  A retrospective study was conducted on the distribution, category and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients who had hepatobiliary surgery for SAP from 2008 to 2011. 

Results  A total of 594 pathogenic bacteria samples were isolated. Among them 418 isolates (70.4%) were Gram bacteria negative, 142 isolates (23.9%) were Gram bacteria positive, and 34 isolates (5.7%) were found fungi. The most common Gram negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (19.8%), and the dominant Gram positive pathogenic bacteria were Enterococcus faecium. The distribution of SAP-related infectious pathogens was mainly in peritoneal drainage fluid, sputum, bile, and wound secretions. Almost all the Gram negative pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to carbapenum. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains were more resistant to penicillins and cephalosprins than the ESBLs non-producing strains. Staphylococcus was sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. The drug resistance of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRS) to commonly used antibiotics was higher than meticillin-sensitive streptococcus (MSS). Enterococcus sp. exhibited lower drug-resistance rates to vancomycin and linezolid.

Conclusions  Gram negative bacteria were the dominant SAP-related infection after hepatobiliary surgery. A high number of fungal infections were reported. Drug resistant rates were high. Rational use of antibiotics according to the site of infection, bacterial species and drug sensitivity, correctly executing the course of treatment and enhancing hand washing will contribute to therapy and prevention of SAP-related infection and decrease its mortality.

     

Hypoadiponectinemia predicts impaired endothelium-independent vasodilation in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients: an 8-year prospective study

Background  Adiponectin is an adipokine with insulin-sensitising and anti-atherogenic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low adiponectin levels predict the impairment of endothelial function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in an 8-year prospective study.

Methods  In the prospective study, we enrolled 133 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients without subclinical atherosclerosis and gave them intensive therapy; the mean treatment period was 8 years. Intensive treatment was a stepwise implementation of behavior modification and pharmacological therapy targeting hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity. We measured baseline circulating adiponectin with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation by high-resolution vascular ultrasound. At year 8, 102 patients were reexamined for endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation.

Results  Sex-adjusted adiponectin level was positively correlated with endothelium-independent vasodilation both at baseline (r=0.150, P=0.043) and at year 8 (r=0.339, P=0.001), whereas no association was found between adiponectin and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In a stepwise multivariate linear regression model, adiponectin was an independent predictor for impaired endothelium-independent vasodilation at year 8 (P=0.001).

Conclusions  Plasma adiponectin concentration was associated with endothelium-independent vasodilation and hypoadiponectinemia predicted the impairment of endothelium-independent vasodilation in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients under multifactorial intervention. These data support the causative link of impairment of endothelium-independent vasodilation with hypoadiponectinemia.

 

     

Association between the incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever and meteorological variables in Guizhou, China

Background  Typhoid/paratyphoid fever (TPF) is endemic in Guizhou. We conducted wavelet analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis to explore the impact of meteorological variations on TPF infection in Guizhou, in an attempt to assess the risk factors associated with TPF epidemics.

Methods  We examined the association between TPF incidence in Guizhou and temperature, precipitation and relative humidity using 24 years of data from 1984 to 2007. Periodicities of TPF incidence and the impact of climate factors on the TPF were detected by Spearman’s rank correlation and wavelet analysis,

Results  Temperature and precipitation with a 1-month lag were positively correlated with the monthly incidence of TPF. The multiyear incidence pattern of TPF in Guizhou was explicitly periodic. Moreover, the association and driving effect of precipitation on TPF were observed, and the results showed that the incidence of TPF in Guizhou had a closer correlation with precipitation than with temperature.

Conclusions  Safe water supply is the key issue for TPF control in Guizhou. Moreover, climate variation might impact the enteric infections, which may inform policy assessment for TPF control in Guizhou.

     

A diagnosis-based health economic analysis of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in Chinese children

Background  Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common clinical problem in children and adolescents. The previous diagnostic approach to POTS of children and adolescents is based on a series of tests to exclude all other causes, which is time and medical resource consuming. Recently, a new diagnostic approach has been developed. The present study was designed to statistically analyze the results of clinical investigation items and the cost for the diagnosis of POTS in children patients, and evaluate cost changes in the diagnosis of POTS.

Methods  A total of 315 children patients were divided into two groups according to diagnosis period, including group I diagnosed in 2002–2006 (100 cases) and group II in 2007–2010 (215 cases) and the diagnostic item-based distribution of the cost was analyzed. The diagnostic costs were compared between two groups using SPSS17.0.

Results  The per-capita cost of diagnosis in group I was (621.95±21.10) Yuan, costs of diagnostic tests (head-up tilt test, standing test, etc) accounted for 8.68% and the exclusive tests for 91.32%. The per-capita cost of diagnosis in group II was (542.69±23.14) Yuan, diagnostic tests accounted for 10.50% and exclusive tests for 89.50%. Comparison of the total cost of diagnostic tests between the two groups showed significant differences (P <0.05).

Conclusion  The cost of POTS diagnosis has been declined in recent years, but the cost of exclusive diagnosis is still its major part.

     

Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on anxiety level and spatial memory of adult rats

Background  As the widespread use of electric devices in modern life, human are exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF MF) much more frequently than ever. Over the past decades, a substantial number of epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that ELF MF (50 Hz) exposure is associated with increased risk of various health effects. The present study examined the effects of chronic exposure to ELF MF on anxiety level and spatial memory of adult rats.

Methods  The 50-Hz ELF MF was used during the whole experimental procedures and the value of magnetic field (MF) was set to 2 mT. Adult rats were divided randomly to control, MF 1 hour and MF 4 hours group. Anxiety-related behaviors were examined in the open field test and the elevated plus maze; changes in spatial learning and memory were determined in Morris water maze after 4 weeks of daily exposure.

Results  Rats in MF 4 hours group had increased anxiety-like behaviors with unaltered locomotor activity. In the Morris water maze test, rats had reduced latency to find the hidden platform and improved long-term memory of former location of platform without changes in short-term memory and locomotor activity.

Conclusion  Chronic ELF MF exposure has anxiogenic effect on rats, and the promoting effects on spatial learning and long-term retention of spatial memory.

     

Proteomic analysis identifies translationally controlled tumor protein as a mediator of phosphatase of regenerating liver-3-promoted proliferation, migration and invasion in human colon cancer cells

Background  Considerable evidence suggests that phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) plays multiple roles in cancer metastasis; however, the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify proteins associated with PRL-3-promoted colon cancer metastasis, by comparative proteomic analysis.

Methods  Proteomes of human colon cancer LoVo cells transfected with PRL-3 gene (LoVo-PRL-3) or empty vector PAcGFP-C3 (LoVo-control) were compared using 2D gel electrophoresis. Proteins that varied significantly in concentration were selected and identified using mass spectrometry. Expression of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) mRNA and protein in LoVo-PRL-3 and LoVo-control cells was detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TCTP was used for silencing TCTP expression in LoVo-PRL-3 cells. Functional significance of TCTP in PRL-3-promoted colon cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion was investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and transwell chamber.

Results  Seventeen proteins displaying significant and reproducible differences between LoVo-PRL-3 and LoVo-control cells were identified. Ten proteins were upregulated and seven were downregulated in LoVo-PRL-3 cells when compared with LoVo-control cells. Eight identified proteins are associated with distinct steps of tumor metastasis: ubiquitin-like protein ISG15, interleukin-18, TCTP, serpin B5, annexin A3, macrophage-capping protein, ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX3X, and cathepsin D. Real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that both TCTP mRNA and protein were significantly increased in LoVo-PRL-3 cells compared to LoVo-control cells. Transfection with TCTP siRNA significantly reduced the expression of both mRNA and protein levels of TCTP in LoVo-PRL-3 cells. Knockdown of TCTP by siRNA inhibited PRL-3-promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of LoVo-PRL-3 cells.

Conclusion  Our results imply that TCTP might be a mediator of PRL-3-promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of human colon cancer cells.

     

In vitro osteoclast-suppressing effect of sodium ibandronate

Background  Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been reported to reduce local recurrence in giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone because of their osteoclast-suppressing effect; however, the optimal mode of delivery and the dose and duration of treatment of BPs remain to be established. To address these issues, it is first necessary to clarify the manner of action of BPs on osteoclasts. We herein evaluated the osteoclast-suppressing effect of sodium ibandronate in vitro.

Methods  Mouse osteoclasts (OCLs) were generated in vitro using mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells. First, various concentrations of sodium ibandronate and equal amounts of phosphate-buffered saline were added to cell culture media. The number of multinucleated cells (over three nuclei) was recorded in each group, OCL formation was compared, and the most effective concentration of sodium ibandronate was determined. Then, high concentrations of sodium ibandronate were added to the experimental cell culture media; no ibandronate was given in the control group. Comparisons were made between the two groups in terms of OCL adhesion, migration, and bone resorption.

Results  OCL formation was suppressed by sodium ibandronate in vitro; the most pronounced effect was observed at the concentration of 10^-5 mol/L. OCL migration and bone resorption were significantly suppressed at this concentration, though there was no effect on OCL adhesion.

Conclusions  Sodium ibandronate was effective in suppressing OCLs and decreasing resorption in GCT. The strong anti-OCL effectiveness at a high concentration in vitro indicates a topical mode of application.

     

DJB术对2型糖尿病大鼠肠神经GLP-1受体表达影响的研究

目的 研究十二指肠空肠旁路手术(duodenal jejunal bypass,DJB)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠肠神经细胞胰高血糖素样肽-1受体(glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor,GLP-1R)表达的影响,探讨DJB手术后肠神经GLP-1R表达、血清GLP-1分泌变化与血糖的关系。方法 雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,每组8只：Wistar 大鼠对照组(W-C);Wistar 大鼠DJB手术组(W-DJB);T2DM模型对照组(T2DM-C);T2DM+DJB手术组(T2DM-DJB)。分别测定各组大鼠术前及术后第1、4、8周空腹血糖、空腹GLP-1,术前及术后第8周空腹胰岛素水平。术后第8周处死大鼠,免疫荧光、RT-PCR检测回肠末端肠肌间神经丛GLP-1R表达变化。结果 T2DM-DJB组大鼠肠神经丛表达GLP-1R的细胞数目为15.83±2.23,明显高于T2DM-C组大鼠表达GLP-1R的细胞数目8.50±2.67(P＜0.01); GLP-1R mRNA在T2DM-DJB组大鼠肠神经丛表达水平为0.67±0.08,明显高于T2DM-C组大鼠GLP-1R mRNA的表达水平0.42±0.03(P＜0.01); T2DM-DJB组大鼠术后空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素显著降低(P＜0.01),空腹血清GLP-1显著升高(P＜0.01)。W-DJB组大鼠术后GLP-1R表达水平、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素和空腹血清GLP-1与W-C组大鼠相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 DJB手术能显著降低T2DM大鼠血糖,对正常大鼠无明显作用。     

保留不同长度十二指肠的DJB术后GK大鼠肠道激素的研究

目的 建立保留不同长度十二指肠十二指肠-空肠转流术（DJB）手术动物模型,探讨术后GK大鼠肠道激素的变化规律.方法 雄性GK大鼠24只随机分为4组（n=6）,Ⅰ组：假手术组;Ⅱ组：DJB手术组;Ⅲ组：十二指肠保留8mmDJB手术组;Ⅳ组：十二指肠保留18mmDJB手术组.分别于DJB术后9周进行颈动脉置管术,置管后1周行口服糖耐量试验及采血检测肠道激素GLP-1及GIP的变化情况.结果 所有大鼠都能长期存活;Ⅲ组GK大鼠的糖耐量、第一时相胰岛素分泌量及GLP-1的分泌量均较Ⅰ组有显著提高（P＜0.05）,GIP初始分泌量较Ⅰ组有显著降低（P＜0.05）; Ⅳ组GK大鼠的糖耐量、第一时相胰岛素及GLP-1的分泌量、GIP初始分泌量较Ⅰ组无明显差异（P＞0.05）; Ⅱ组GK大鼠的第一时相胰岛素及GLP-1的分泌量显著高于Ⅳ组（P＜0.05）,在30 min时GIP分泌量显著高于Ⅳ组（P＜0.05）.结论 胃肠转流手术控制血糖的水平一方面是通过重新建立抑胰岛素分泌激素及促胰岛素分泌激素新的分泌量平衡;另一方面则是通过降低GIP的分泌量,使机体的胰岛素抵抗情况得以改善.     

十二指肠空肠旁路术对2型糖尿病大鼠胸主动脉MMP-9及TIMP-1表达的影响

背景 减重手术能有效的缓解2型糖尿病。2型糖尿病血管病变是由慢性炎症引起,而慢性炎症能导致基质金属蛋白酶9（matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9）和组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂1（Tissue Inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1,TIMP-1）表达的增加。本实验旨在探查胃空肠旁路术后由高脂饮食和链脲佐菌素（Streptozocin,STZ）诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠胸主动脉MMP-9和TIMP-1表达的影响。方法 21只高脂饲料和小剂量STZ诱导成模的2型糖尿病Wistar大鼠随机分为S-DJB组和DJB组,10只普通饲料喂养的Wistar大鼠作为空白对照组。术后胃肠功能恢复后给予普通饮食至实验末,比较术后各组大鼠体重、血糖、血脂的变化及胸主动脉内皮细胞MMP-9及TIMP-1的表达水平。结果 相对于S-DJB组大鼠,DJB组大鼠术后2周开始体重明显减轻。术后DJB组大鼠较S-DJB组大鼠显示良好的血糖稳态,主要表现为胰岛素敏感性及糖耐量的改善。同时游离脂肪酸及甘油三酯也有较好的改善。免疫组织化学染色结果提示术后12周DJB组大鼠胸主动脉内皮细胞MMP-9及TIMP-1表达水平较S-DJB组大鼠明显降低。结论 DJB手术可以显著改善高脂饲料和STZ诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖和血脂等指标,并降低血管内皮细胞MMP-9及TIMP-1表达水平,可能对延缓2型糖尿病血管病变的发展起到重要作用。     

Duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery on type 2 diabetic rats reduces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in the thoracic aorta

Background Bariatric surgery offers a productive resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）.The development of T2DM vasculopathy is due to chronic inflammation,which increases matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 （TIMP-1） expression.This study sought to examine MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in the thoracic aorta after duodenal-jejunal bypass （DJB） surgery on a T2DM rat model induced by a high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin （STZ）.Methods Twenty-one T2DM Wistar rats induced by high-fat diet and low dose STZ were randomly divided into DJB and sham duodenal-jejunal bypass （S-DJB） groups.Ten Wistar rats were fed a normal diet as a control.Recovery of gastrointestinal function post-operation and resumption of a normal diet completed the experiment.Body weight,blood glucose,blood lipid levels,and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression levels in aortic endothelial cells were measured throughout.Results DJB rats showed significant weight loss 2 weeks post-operation compared with S-DJB rats.After surgery,DJB rats showed significant improvement and steady glycemic control with improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.They also exhibited improved lipid metabolism with a decrease in fasting free fatty acids （FFAs） and triglycerides （all P ＜0.05）.Immunohistochemistry showed decreased MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression 12 weeks after surgery （P ＜ 0.01）.Conclusions DJB surgery on an induced T2DM rat model improves blood glucose levels and lipids,following a high-fat diet and low dose STZ treatment.In addition,DJB decreased MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells,which may play an important role in delaying the development of T2DM vascular disease.     

十二指肠空肠旁路术对2型糖尿病GK大鼠肠道胰高血糖素原表达的影响

目的观察十二指肠空肠旁路术（duodenal-jejunal bypass,DJB）对2型糖尿病GK大鼠的降糖作用及对肠道胰高血糖素原（proglucagon,PG）表达的影响。方法雄性GK和Wistar大鼠各18只,GK大鼠随机分为手术组（A组）假手术组（B组）,Wistar大鼠随机分为手术组（C组）和假手术组（D组）,每组9只。检测术前及术后各组空腹血糖、血清GLP-1水平,同时口服葡萄糖耐量试验,并计算血糖曲线下面积;术后8周取各组大鼠肠道组织标本,采用RT—PCR检测术后肠道PGmRNA表达水平。结果术后第8周,A组空腹血糖由术前的（8．73±1．30）mmol／L下降到（5．86±0．57）mmol／L,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;血糖曲线下面积由术前（60．23±5．14）mmol·k／L下降到（47．80±1．79）mmol·h／L,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;空腹GLP-1由术前（7．69±0．74）pmol／L上升到（29．00±4．85）pmol／L,餐后GLP-1由术前（15．74±5．71）pmol／L上升到（45．78±7．26）pmol／L,差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）;A组术后回肠PGmRNA水平明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论DJB能显著改善2型糖尿病大鼠的糖代谢,而对正常大鼠糖代谢无影响,手术的降糖作用可能与肠道胰高血糖素原表达增加有关。     

胆胰转流术对GK大鼠2型糖尿病的影响及其机制的研究

目的探讨胆胰转流术（BPD）对GK大鼠2型糖尿病的治疗作用及其机制。方法将16只GK大鼠随机分为2组,BPD组10只,假手术（sham-BPD）组6只。检测术前1周及术后1、4、10、26周2组大鼠空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）和抑胃肽（GIP）浓度;术后10周检测2组大鼠糖耐量及胰岛素敏感性。结果术前2组空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、GLP-1和GIP差异均无统计学意义;与sham—BPD组相比,BPD组空腹血糖水平显著降低（P〈0．05）、血清胰岛素水平差异无统计学意义、糖耐量明显提高、胰岛素敏感性增强;BPD组较术前及sham-BPD组血清GLP-1水平显著上升（较术前,术后1周P=0．0337,术后4周P=0．0002,术后10周P〈0．0001,术后26周P〈0．0001,较sham—BPD组,术后1周P=0．0354,术后4周P=0．0032,术后10周P=0．0001,术后26周P〈0．0001）、GIP水平显著下降（较术前,术后1周P=0．0189,术后4周P=0．0007,术后10周P=0．0003,术后26周P〈0．0001;较sham-BPD组,术后1周P=0．0089,术后4周P=0．0002,术后10周t9=0．0006,术后26周P〈0．0001）,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论BPD手术对GK大鼠具有降低血糖、改善糖耐量及增强胰岛素敏感性的作用;GLP．1和GIP可能是BPD降低GK大鼠血糖、改善糖尿病相关代谢综合征的原因。     

十二指肠腔内套管置入术改善非肥胖型2型糖尿病大鼠糖代谢的作用

目的观察十二指肠腔内套管置入术（endoluminalsleeve,ELS）对非肥胖型2型糖尿病（type2 dabetesmellitus,T2DM）大鼠糖代谢的影响。方法24只雄性自发性糖尿病Goto—Kakizaki（GK）大鼠按随机数字表法分为手术（ELS）组和假手术（sham-operation,SO）组,每组12只。观察术前（0周）,术后1、3、6、12、24周2组空腹血糖（fastingplasmaglucose,FPG）水平,术前（0周）,术后6、24周行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（oralglucosetolerancetest,OGTT）,描绘血糖随时间变化曲线,计算葡萄糖耐量曲线下面积（areaunderthecurve,AUC）,并测定葡萄糖负荷2h后胰高血糖素样肽-1（glucagon-likepeptide-1,GLP-1）水平。结果术前2组大鼠间各项指标差异无统计学意义;与术前比较,ELS组术后1、3、6、12、24周FPG显著降低,差异有统计学意义（F组内=5．982,P=0．023）,术后6、24周AUC、血糖峰值低于术前,差异有统计学意义（F组内=11．602,P=0．003）,且OGTT血糖峰值出现时间由原来的60min提前到30min,葡萄糖负荷后的GLP-1水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义（F组内=43．24,P=0．012）;SO组术后各指标差异无统计学意义。结论十二指肠腔内套管置入术对非肥胖型T2DM大鼠具有稳定控制血糖和改善糖耐量的作用。     

Effects of Portulaca Oleracea on Insulin Resistance in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Insulinresistance(IR)isthecommon patho physiologicalbasisforagroupofmetabolicabnormali tiescalledinsulinresistancesyndrome,whichin cludestype 2diabetesmellitus(T2DM),obesity,lipidmetabolicdisturbance,primaryhypertensionandatherosclerosis.ItwasoncereportedthataChinesemedicinalherb,Portulacaoleracea,usedalonecouldeffectivelytreatdiabetesmellitusinhumans(1) asithastheactionofamelioratinghyperlipidemia,andpreventingandcuringatherosclerosis(2,3).Butexper imentalstudyofPortulacaoleraceaoninsulinr…     

RYGBP与BPD对2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖控制及GLP-1表达的影响

目的评估Roux-en-Y胃旁路术（Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,RYGBP）与胆胰分流术（billiopancreatic diver-sion,BPD）对2型糖尿病（type 2diabetes mellitus,T2DM）大鼠的临床疗效。探讨胰升糖素样多肽1（glucagon-like pep-tide 1,GLP-1）在手术治疗T2DM中的机制。方法将36只雄性正常体质量Goto-Kakizaki（GK）大鼠随机分为RYG-BP,BPD与假手术组,每组12只。观测分析非肥胖T2DM大鼠术前及术后1周、2周、1个月、2个月、3个月的体质量、空腹血糖（fasting blood glucose,FBG）、血清胰岛素（insulin,INS）水平、糖化血红蛋白（glycosylated hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c）水平、GLP-1水平的变化。观察术后3个月T2DM大鼠的并发症及死亡率的发生情况,寻找最佳手术方式。结果与术前比较,术后1周～3个月RYGBP与BPD组GK大鼠FBG显著降低（P〈0.05）,空腹GLP-1明显升高（P〈0.05）,术后3个月HbA1c显著降低（P〈0.05）,术后3月空腹胰岛素水平显著升高（P〈0.05）。假手术组上述指标均未见明显变化。BPD组GK大鼠死亡率与并发症发生率均较RYGBP组高。结论RYGBP较BPD对非肥胖T2DM具有更安全有效的治疗作用。RYGBP控制血糖可能与GLP-1升高促进胰岛素释放,改善β细胞功能有关。