关节镜辅助下外侧支持带松解内侧支持带经皮紧缩治疗急性髌骨脱位

髌骨外脱位多见于女性及青少年,往往由于Q角过大等因素,在轻微外伤作用下致髌骨外侧脱位,其治疗方法较多,作者采用关节镜监视下外侧支持带彻底松解,内侧支持带经皮环扎紧缩治疗髌骨外侧脱位12例。报告如下。     

关节镜下带线锚钉紧缩内侧支持带治疗急性髌骨脱位

<正>2006年10月~2013年9月,我科于关节镜下行外侧支持带松解及内侧支持带带线锚钉紧缩术治疗20例急性髌骨脱位患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组20例(21膝),男6例,女14例,年龄14~38岁。患者均急诊或自行复位,于伤后1周内接受手术。1.2手术方法手术均在关节镜监视下由同一术者完成。腰硬联合麻醉下,取髌下前外侧、前内侧入路探查膝关节。     

关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解及内侧支持带紧缩治疗髌骨软化症

目的探讨膝关节镜下外侧支持带松解及内侧支持带紧缩治疗髌骨软化症的疗效。方法对31例(36膝)髌骨软化症患者在关节镜下用等离子刀松解外侧支持带及外侧髌—股韧带,同时紧缩缝合内侧支持带及内侧髌—股韧带。结果随访10～48个月,患者症状和体征均得到明显改善。与术前相比,Lysholm评分由70.2分提高至平均92.1分,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论该术式治疗髌骨软化症不仅能松解外侧支持带,同时还可有效地紧缩内侧支持带,疗效确切,具有创伤小、并发症少、功能恢复快等优点。     

关节镜下内侧支持带紧缩联合外侧松解术治疗青少年复发性髌骨脱位

目的 探讨关节镜下髌骨内侧支持带紧缩联合外侧支持带松解治疗青少年复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2012年8月至2019年12月安徽省立医院行关节镜下髌骨内侧支持带紧缩联合外侧支持带松解术治疗的30例复发性髌骨脱位青少年患者资料,其中男14例,女16例;左膝15例,右膝16例;年龄12～17岁,平均(13.9...     

关节镜下髌骨内侧支持带紧缩术治疗青少年复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜下髌骨内侧支持带紧缩术(medial retinaculum plication,MRP)治疗青少年复发性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法对2000年3月-2007年10月收治的30例符合选择标准的青少年复发性髌骨患者进行前瞻性研究,其中28例获完整随访者纳入研究。男5例,女23例;年龄12～19岁,平均14.7岁。左膝12例,右膝16例。髌骨首次脱位至入院时间4～39个月,平均18.8个月。患者既往髌骨2～4次脱位。患者髌骨外推恐惧试验均为阳性,髌骨外移度为(2.9±0.7)°,髌骨外推无硬性终止点。国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)、Lysholm、Kujala以及Tegner评分分别为(47.7±3.7)、(52.6±4.9)、(66.7±5.9)和(3.1±1.3)分。患者均于关节镜下行MRP治疗。结果患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染或神经、血管损伤等早期并发症发生。患者均获随访,随访时间2～7年,平均4.8年。术后随时间延长,髌骨外推恐惧试验阳性患者数逐渐增加,24个月时为12例;髌骨外推有硬性终止点患者逐渐减少,24个月时为3例;髌骨外移度逐渐增加,24个月为(2.3±1.1)°;以上3项指标除髌骨外移度外,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6例发生再脱位,23例出现单纯髌骨不稳。术后24个月IKDC、Lysholm、Kujala以及Tegner评分分别为(62.5±6.2)、(70.7±5.1)、(76.6±4.8)和(3.9±0.7)分,均较术前显著提高(P>0.05)。CT检查示,术后即刻患者髌股关节适配角、髌骨外侧角以及髌骨倾斜角均恢复至正常水平,但术后24个月与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后24个月髌骨外移距离与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下MRP治疗青少年复发性髌骨脱位虽在改善膝关节功能方面有一定疗效,但不能较好维持髌骨矫正后的位置。     

内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的 回顾性分析自体半腱肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股韧带联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床结果.方法 复发性髌骨脱位31例行内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解,并对患者进行影像检查及膝关节功能评分.结果 术后随访24～56个月,31例均无再次脱位;功能评分术前与术后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 自体半腱肌腱移植重建内侧髌股韧带联合外侧支持带松解治疗创伤性复发性髌骨脱位效果可靠.     

急性髌骨脱位镜下髌内侧支持带修复术

[目的]介绍镜下内侧髌股韧带（medial patellofemoral ligament, MPFL）髌骨止点撕裂修复术的手术技术和初步临床效果。[方法] 2015年5月—2019年9月,对30例初次急性髌骨脱位（acute patellar dislocation, APD）患者行镜下修复术。于髌骨内侧缘置入带线锚钉,平行髌骨内侧缘内侧用腰穿针均等穿刺皮肤至关节腔,将带环过线导丝从腰穿针引入将锚钉缝线引出皮肤外,收紧后视髌骨轨迹适度松解外侧支持带,最后打结。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中无神经、血管损伤等严重并发症。平均随访时间（26.10±9.70）个月,末次随访时,患膝关节活动度正常,无复发性髌骨脱位,无明显关节僵硬和功能障碍等。末次随访时Lysholm评分、髌骨倾斜角（patellar tilt angle, PTA）和髌股适合角（congruence angle, CA）均较术前显著改善（P<0.05）。[结论]镜下髌MPFL止点修复治疗APD,能恢复髌股关节稳定性和功能,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

关节镜下滑膜下髌骨外侧支持带松解联合内侧髌股韧带重建治疗髌骨脱位北大核心CSCD

目的探讨关节镜下滑膜下髌骨外侧支持带松解联合自体半腱肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)治疗髌骨脱位的疗效。方法 2016年1月—2017年3月,收治28例(32膝)髌骨脱位患者。男6例(6膝),女22例(26膝);年龄17~29岁,平均21岁。病程2 d^2年,平均8个月。患者髌骨恐惧试验阳性,膝关节Lysholm评分为(68.34±12.26)分。膝关节正位X线片显示髌骨半脱位或完全脱位,髌骨Q角(17.67±4.21)°,胫骨结节股骨滑车沟(tibia tuberosity-trochlear groove,TT-TG)距离<20 mm。采用关节镜下滑膜下髌骨外侧支持带松解联合MPFL重建术,MPFL股骨止点分别行骨隧道可吸收加压螺钉(16膝)或锚钉(16膝)内固定。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访6个月,患者膝关节功能较术前明显改善。术后6个月,膝关节Lysholm评分为(92.88±6.42)分,髌骨Q角为(12.15±3.68)°,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(t=–3.408,P=0.006;t=–2.317,P=0.004)。髌骨恐惧试验均为阴性,随访期间无膝关节疼痛、无力及髌骨脱位复发。锚钉组及加压螺钉组Lysholm评分、髌骨Q角比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=–3.254,P=0.820;t=–3.576,P=0.940)。结论对于髌骨Q角<20°、TT-TG<20 mm的髌骨脱位患者,关节镜下滑膜下髌骨外侧支持带松解联合MPFL重建术,能明显改善膝关节功能,早期疗效较好。MPFL股骨止点采用锚钉或骨隧道可吸加压螺钉内固定,术后膝关节功能恢复无明显差异。     

关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建与内侧支持带紧缩治疗青少年复发性髌骨脱位疗效研究

目的 比较采用关节镜下内侧支持带紧缩联合外侧支持带松解(lateral retinacular release, LRR)与自体腓骨长肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament, MPFL)联合LRR治疗青少年复发性髌骨脱位的疗效分析。方法 本研究选取2017年6月至2020年6月新疆医科大学第四附属医院采用两种方式治疗的60例髌骨脱位患者,根据治疗方式不同,分为MPFL重建组(A组)30例和内侧支持带紧缩组(B组)30例。采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)在术后3个月、末次随访时评估患肢疼痛分级,采用Kujala评分及Lysholm评分评估患者术后3个月及末次随访膝关节功能,并通过屈膝30°CT平扫及MRI平扫测量髌骨倾斜角(patellar tilt angle, PTA)及髌骨适合角(patellar congruence angle, PCA)评估髌股关系,记录并比较两组术后再脱位等并发症情况。结果 两组患者均获随访,随访时间12～27个月,平均(19.18±3.67)个月。两组患者术后Kuja...     

Arthroscopic repair of the medial retinaculum and capsule in acute patellar dislocations

Treatment for acute dislocations of the patella is highly controversial among many knee surgeons. This study proposes an arthroscopic technique for the surgical repair of the retinacular-capsular defects caused from acute patellar dislocation. The clinical material used involved 30 cases with no previous history of patellar instability and with history of documented lateral dislocation accompanied by an acute hemarthrosis. All individuals in this study were treated with arthroscopic medial capsular-retinacular repair and lateral retinacular release. The follow-up on these patients, ranging from 1 to 7 years postoperatively, revealed that the results of treatment were gratifying in all instances with the exception of one traumatic redislocation. It appears that the arthroscopic procedure used in this study was successful in stabilization of the acute dislocation of the patella, and that it is a beneficial addition to present surgical treatment for the acute dislocation of the patella. This technique provides early accurate diagnosis and, thus, early accurate restoration of normal anatomy. This technique is by no means the only way, but it is one way to obtain satisfactory results in the treatment of this most difficult problem.     

Medial patellar retinaculum plasty versus medial capsule reefing for patellar dislocation in children and adolescents

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of medial patellar retinaculum plasty for children and adolescent patients with patellar dislocation.

Materials and methods

A prospective study was performed between October 2005 and December 2009. Sixty-one cases of children and adolescent patients with patellar dislocation were admitted to our study. Twenty-nine patients received medial capsule reefing, of which 13 patients also received lateral retinacular release (LRR) (Group I). Thirty-two patients received medial patellar retinaculum plasty, of which 12 patients also received LRR (Group II). Preoperatively, all patients received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the injury of medial patellofemoral ligament. And all patients received computed tomography (CT) scans on which the congruence angle (CA) and patellar lateral shift (PLS) could be evaluated with 30° knee flexion. Physical apprehension tests were examined and the redislocation was recorded. In addition, knee function was evaluated using the Kujala score and subjective questionnaires.

Results

Patients were followed up for a mean period of 50?months (25?C75?months). For the comparison between the preoperative and postoperative results, the Kujala score improved significantly from 52.3?±?2.9 to 78.1?±?3.6 in Group I and from 53.5?±?3.4 to 82.2?±?3.4 in Group II (P?<?0.05). There was significant difference of CA on CT scans and PLS with a statistical difference between the two groups (P?<?0.05). Results of the apprehension test showed that nine patients had patellar lateral shift exceeding 1.5?cm with a soft end point in Group I and two patients had patellar lateral shift exceeding 1.5?cm with a hard end point in Group II (P?<?0.05). Moreover, the subjective questionnaire revealed a significant difference of subjective effects between two groups (P?<?0.05), including 7 excellent, 10 good and 12 fair in Group I and 18 excellent, 9 good, and 5 fair in Group II.

Conclusion

The medial retinaculum plasty was better than medial capsule reefing in improving the subjective effects and decreasing the rate of patellar instability postoperatively in children and adolescent patients.     

关节镜下内侧髌股韧带紧缩并外侧髌韧带松解治疗髌股关节疼痛综合征临床对照试验

目的：探讨关节镜下内侧髌股韧带紧缩并外侧髌韧带松解治疗髌股关节疼痛综合征的手术疗效。方法：将100例髌股关节疼痛综合征患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各50例，男35例，女65例；年龄50-70岁，平均63岁。手术均在关节镜下进行，治疗组采用内侧髌股韧带紧缩、外侧髌韧带松解术式；对照组采用临床广泛使用单一外侧髌韧带松解手术。结果：随访平均13个月，采用HSS（hospitalforspecialsurgery）慢性疾病及关节炎评估系统评价疗效，治疗组平均积分（73．52±11．17）分；对照组平均积分（65．50±13．70）分（P〈O．05）。结论：内侧髌股韧带紧缩并外侧髌韧带松解治疗髌股关节疼痛综合征临床疗效满意。与外侧髌韧带松解术式相比，更能纠正髌股关节的病理运动轨迹，使髌股关节内外侧间隙平衡更为容易，对髌前疼痛的缓解更有效，术后无关节内血肿、髌骨坏死和髌骨脱位等并发症发生。     

关节镜下髌骨外侧支持带松解在治疗膝骨性关节炎中的应用体会

目的探讨关节镜下髌骨外侧支持带松解在膝骨性关节炎治疗中的临床效果。方法对98例（143膝）骨性关节炎患者随机分组,49例采用关节镜清理联合髌骨外侧支持带松解治疗,列为治疗组;49例采用单纯关节镜清理治疗,列为对照组。术后均结合康复训练。手术前后随访均按Lysholm膝关节功能评分进行临床评价。屈膝20&#176;位CT片测量手术前后外侧髌骨角及髌骨指数。结果所有患者关节镜下均见不同程度软骨退变。98例均获随访,时间3～38（18&#177;2）个月。临床疗效评价：6个月治疗组术后Lysholm评分提高（30.84&#177;5.83）分,对照组提高（16.68&#177;5.85）分（P〈0.01）;治疗组外侧髌骨角及髌骨指数术后均明显改善,而对照组基本无变化。结论对膝骨性关节炎进行关节镜清理联合髌骨外侧支持带松解可以更明显地缓解或消除患者症状。     

Arthroscopic lateral release and the lateral patellar compression syndrome.

An isolated arthroscopic lateral release can provide dramatic relief of anterior knee pain in a select group of patients. We believe this procedure is indicated for patients with lateral patellar compression syndrome without significant chondrosis who have not responded to nonoperative treatment. During the procedure, care must be taken to perform a complete release and to achieve hemostasis. The postoperative rehabilitation emphasizes control of swelling, patellar mobilization, and quadriceps strengthening. We strongly agree with Schonholtz et al who report that the "lateral retinacular release is not a minor procedure and should not be performed simply because it may help and it can't hurt."     

关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建和外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的:评价内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果.方法:2011年3月至2013年6月在关节镜下进行内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位15例,男5例,女10例;年龄14～32岁,平均19.4岁;髌骨脱位2次及以上.术前常规行X线、CT、MR检查了解髌股关节及内侧髌股韧带情况,关节功能Lysholm评分69.85±11.52,术中镜下查看髌股对合关系及髌骨运动轨迹.术中使用自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带同时关节镜下外侧支持带松解.结果:所有患者获随访,时间12～36个月,平均27.6个月,患者无再发髌骨脱位及半脱位,伸直位及屈曲30°位恐惧试验和髌骨外移试验均为阴性,术后12个月患者完全恢复正常活动,膝关节无主观不适,术后Lysholm评分92.60±5.75,较术前提高.结论:关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解手术能有效治疗复发性髌骨脱位,缓解症状,重建髌骨稳定性.     

Arthroscopic lateral release for patellar pain or instability

Forty-five arthroscopic lateral releases were reviewed with a follow-up from 2 to 6 years (average 4 years). Satisfactory results were obtained in 60% of the patellar pain group (20 knees) and 68.5% of the instability group (19 knees). The results in osteoarthrosis (6 knees) were unsatisfactory. Postoperative hemarthrosis was infrequent (2.2%). Unfavorable prognostic factors are an incomplete release with an insufficient postoperative passive patellar tilt in the pain group and more than five preoperative dislocations in the instability group. After failure of conservative treatment, a lateral release can be reasonably used in pain syndromes with a tight lateral retinaculum and lateral patellar tracking and in milder cases of instability.