Changes of Fibrinolysis and Their Relationship with Pulmonary Artery Pressures in Neonates with Lung Diseases

目的　研究新生儿肺疾病的纤溶改变及其与肺动脉压力的关系。方法　用发色底物法测定 2 7例新生儿肺疾病患儿 (病例组 )及 2 5例正常新生儿 (对照组 )血浆组织纤溶酶原激活剂 (TPA)和纤溶酶原激活抑制物(PAI)活性变化 ;用超声多普勒方法测定肺动脉血流加速时间 (TPV)与右室射血时间 (RVET)之比值 (TPV/RVET) ,以此估计新生儿肺动脉压力 (TPV/RVET比值与肺动脉压力成反比 )。结果　病例组PAI活性 [(9.3±4 .1)AU× 10 -1/ml]明显高于对照组 [(5 .5± 3.0 )AU× 10 -1/ml],P <0 .0 1,TPV/RVET比值 (0 .2 9± 0 .0 5 )明显低于对照组 (0 .34± 0 .0 8) ,(P <0 .0 5 ) ;发生肺出血者肺动脉压力 [TPV/RVET (0 .2 3± 0 .0 2 ) ]显著升高 ,P <0 .0 5。肺出血恢复期新生儿TPA [(3.7± 1.7)IU× 10 -1/ml]及血小板 [(180± 30 )× 10 9/L]明显高于肺出血发生时 [TPA (1.8± 0 .7)IU× 10 -1/ml,血小板 (98± 39)× 10 9/L],(P <0 .0 1)。结论　新生儿肺疾病时由于肺动脉压力增高 ,肺血管内皮细胞破坏 ,导致TPA释放减少 ,PAI活性增高 ,纤溶活性降低。     

新生儿肺疾病的纤溶改变及其与肺动脉压力的关系

目的：研究新生儿肺疾病的纤溶改变及其与肺动脉压力的关系。方法：用发色底物法测定27例新生儿肺疾病患儿(病例组)及25例正常新生儿(对照组)血浆组织纤溶酶原激活剂(TPA)和纤溶酶原激活抑制物(PAI)活性变化;用超声多普勒方法测定肺动脉血流加速时间(TPV)与右室射血时间(RVET)之比值(TPV/RVET),以此估计新生儿肺动脉压力(TPV/RVET比值与肺动脉压力成反比)。结果：病例组PAI活性［(9.3±4.1) AU×10-1/ml］明显高于对照组［(5.5±3.0) AU×10-1/ml］,P<0.01,TPV/RVET比值(0.29±0.05)明显低于对照组(0.34±0.08),(P<0.05);发生肺出血者肺动脉压力［TPV/RVET (0.23±0.02)］显著升高,P<0.05。肺出血恢复期新生儿TPA ［(3.7±1.7) IU×10-1/ml］及血小板［(180±30)×109/L］明显高于肺出血发生时［TPA (1.8±0.7) IU×10-1/ml,血小板(98±39)×109/L］,(P<0.01)。结论：新生儿肺疾病时由于肺动脉压力增高,肺血管内皮细胞破坏,导致TPA释放减少,PAI活性增高,纤溶活性降低。     

新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征肺动脉压力动态变化及其与血清内皮素-1和一氧化氮关系的研究

目的研究新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)肺动脉压力动态变化及其与血清内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO )的关系.方法对13例确诊为新生儿RDS患儿(实验组)和20例正常新生儿(对照组)用脉冲超声多谱勒分别于生后2、12、24、48、72 h测定肺动脉血流加速时间(TPV)及右心室射血时间(RVET),以TPV/RVET比值反映肺动脉压力.用硝酸还原酶法和放射免疫法分别测定实验组和对照组新生儿生后24、72 h血清ET-1和NO的水平.结果实验组和对照组新生儿肺动脉压力在生后2、12及72 h差异无显著意义(t值分别为1.25、1.84、0.94,P均>0.05);实验组24、48 h TPV/RVET比值为0.277±0.076、0.278±0.027,对照组分别为0.321±0.051、0.329±0.062,两组相比差异有显著意义(t值分别为2.86、2.20,P＜0.01、 <0.05);实验组和对照组在生后24 h时ET-1[(62±23)ng/L、(47±8)ng/L]、NO[(11±10) μmol/L、(32±22) μmol/L]水平相比,差异有显著意义(t值分别为2.33、2.37,P均<0.05);而72 h时差异无显著意义(t值分别为0.87、1.93,P均＞0.05),与肺动脉压力变化相一致.死亡组肺动脉压力(0.25±0.02)明显高于存活组(0.28±0.03, t=2.35, P＜0.05);死亡组患儿ET-1水平[(91±27)ng/L]明显高于存活组[(39±9)ng/L],差异有显著意义(t=4.97,P＜0.01);死亡组患儿NO水平为(5±4) μmol/L,明显低于存活组的(32±28) μmol/L, 差异有显著意义(t=2.38,P＜0.05);实验组RDS患儿生后24 h其血清ET-1水平与肺动脉压力呈正相关y=302.3x-861.2,NO水平与肺动脉压力呈负相关y=-98.3x+400.8.结论新生儿RDS患儿肺动脉压力较正常儿高,持续时间较长,且易合并持续肺动脉高压.血清ET-1水平与肺动脉压力呈正相关,NO水平与肺动脉压力呈负相关.     

新生儿急性肺损伤血SP-A的改变及临床意义

本文动态监测新生儿急性肺损伤(ALI)患儿血清肺表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)水平变化,并探讨其临床意义.选择符合ALI诊断标准且机械通气的患儿20例,于入组和出组时(即脱机或恢复期及退院或死亡前)抽取股静脉血,病情有明显变化时反复抽血,共收集标本70例次.计算Pa02/FiO2值及TPV/RVET值.对照组12例同期留取血清,用免疫印迹法测定SP-A浓度.ALI患儿入组时血清SP-A水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.001);7例死于ALI患儿出组时血清SP-A明显高于11例存活患儿及其入组时测定值(P＜0.005和P＜0.05),而11例存活患儿出组时SP-A水平明显低于其入组时测定值(P＜0.05).整个观察期间ALI患儿血清SP-A水平与其相应的PaO2/FiO2和TPV/RVET比值呈负相关(P均＜0.001).结论ALI新生儿血清SP-A水平与肺损伤的严重程度密切相关,动态监测患儿血中SP-A水平有利于判断病情及预后.     

新生儿肺出血支气管肺泡灌洗液SP-A及TNF-α的变化及其相关性研究(英文)

目的近年研究发现急性肺损伤(ALI)是致新生儿肺出血的重要原因。大量研究表明肺表面活性蛋白A(SPA)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNFα)参与了ALI的损伤过程,但有关两者在肺出血新生儿支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的变化及关系鲜有报道。该研究旨在探讨SPA和TNFα在新生儿肺出血发生中的作用,两者间的关系及对预后的影响。方法采用斑点免疫印迹法和酶联免疫吸附法分别测定对照组(n=15),肺出血存活组急性期(n=14)、恢复期(n=14)和肺出血死亡组(n=6)新生儿BALF中SPA,TNFα和血清TNFα水平。结果存活组和死亡组新生儿肺出血急性期BALF中SPA含量(38.50±7.62,29.43±6.57)较对照组(44.88±7.48)显著降低(P=0.024,P=0),且死亡组SPA明显低于存活组急性期(P=0.015),存活组肺出血恢复期SPA水平(45.16±7.25)明显升高,接近对照组(P>0.05);而肺出血存活组和死亡组BALF中TNFα含量(208.54±64.69ng/L,319.16±46.79ng/L)较对照组(96.40±37.82ng/L)显著增加(P=0.011,P=0),死亡组比存活组急性期增加更明显(P=0),且BALF中TNFα的变化较血清中更明显,存活组恢复期BALF中TNFα水平(112.06±35.22ng/L)明显下降,接近对照组(P>0.05);肺出血患儿BALF中SPA水平的下降与TNFα的增高呈负相关(r=0.635,P=0.003)。结论SPA和TNFα参与了新生儿肺出血的肺损伤过程,为从SPA及细胞因子角度进一步认识新生儿肺出血的发病机制提供了实验依据,为新生儿肺出血的早期防治及预后判断提供了一种新的方法。     

超声多普勒监测新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征肺动脉压力的动态变化

目的：研究新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)肺动脉压力的动态变化。方法：用脉冲超声多普勒动态监测实验组RDS患儿(n=13)、对照组正常新生儿(n=20)生后2,12,24,48,72 h,7 d 肺动脉血流加速时间(TPV)及右心室射血时间(RVET),以TPV/RVET间接反映肺动脉压力。结果：实验组和对照组新生儿肺动脉压力在生后 12 h 内无明显差异,生后 24 h 至 7 d 实验组低于对照组(P<0.05或<0.01),实验组为 0.277±0.076(24 h)、 0.278±0.027(48 h)、 0.329±0.048(72 h)、 0.311±0.071(7 d),对照组为 0.321±0.051(24 h)、 0.329±0.062(48 h)、 0.375±0.066(72 h)、 0.389±0.044(7 d)。实验组RDS患儿死亡者TPV/RVET为0.25±0.02,存活者为0.28±0.03,P<0.05。结论：新生儿RDS患儿肺动脉压力较正常儿高,持续时间长,易合并肺动脉高压并导致死亡。     

超声心动图对评价新生儿窒息时缺氧性肺动脉高压左心功能减低的意义

目的 探讨超声心动图对评价新生儿窒息时缺氧性肺动脉高压左心功能减低的意义.方法 新生儿窒息患者108例,均符合新生儿缺氧性肺动脉高压(hypoxic pulmonary hypertension,HPH)的诊断标准,其中轻度HPH组76例和中度HPH组32例.68例正常出生新生儿作为对照组,行常规超声心动图检查测量左心房内径(left atrium,LA)、左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end diastolic dimension,LVEDD)、左室后壁厚度(left ventricular posterior wall,LVPW)、舒张末期室间隔(interventricular septum,IVS)、右心室舒张末期内径(right ventricular end diastolic dimension,RVEDD)、左心室射血分数(ejection fraction,EF)、动脉血流加速时间(pulmonary artery velocity,TPV)、右心室射血时间(right ventricular ejection time,RVET)以及Tei指数.结果 中度HPH组LA较对照组明显增大,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),LVEDD明显减小(P＜0.01),而IVS增厚不明显.中度HPH组E/A、EF、TPV/RVET均较对照组减低(P＜0.05),但中度HPH组与轻度HPH组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与对照组、轻度HPH组比较,中度HPH组Tei明显增加,与前两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).Tei指数与EF之间呈负相关(γ=-0.37,P＜0.05).结论 超声心动图可以无创地早期检测新生儿窒息时左心功能,Tei指数为反映左心室功能的较好指标,对临床判断病情及估计预后有重要意义.     

高频振荡通气抢救新生儿呼吸衰竭

评价高频振荡通气(HFOV)治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的疗效,11例患儿中早产儿9例,合并双侧气胸1例,合并肺出血1例,合并新生儿持续肺动脉高压(PPHN)3例.结果显示治疗半小时,PaCO2由74.38±23.85 mmHg降至41.85±20.53 mmHg(P＜0.05),肺泡氧分压/动脉血氧分压比(a/AP02)由0.23±0.58上升至0.36±0.15(P＜0.05),12小时为0.37±0.11(P＜0.01),氧合指数(OI)和FiO2稳步降低.10例患儿对HFOV有效,1例无效;8例治愈,无1例发生气漏,6例存活早产儿无慢性肺部疾患(CLD)发生.以上提示HFOV对新生儿呼吸衰竭,特别是合并气漏者十分有效,对部分PPHN也有疗效.     

新生儿急性肺损伤血SP－A的改变及临床意义

本文动态监测新生儿急性肺损伤(ALI)患儿血清肺表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)水平变化,并探讨其临床意义。选择符合ALI诊断标准且机械通气的患儿20例,于入组和出组时(即脱机或恢复期及退院或死亡前)抽取股静脉血,病情有明显变化时反复抽血,共收集标本70例次。计算PaO_2/FiO_2值及TPV/RVET值。对照组12例同期留取血清,用免疫印迹法测定SP-A浓度。ALI患儿入组时血清SP-A水平显著高于对照组(P<0.001);7例死于ALI患儿出组时血清SP-A明显高于11例存活患儿及其入组时测定值(P<0.005和P<0.05),而11例存活患儿出组时SP-A水平明显低于其入组时测定值(P<0.05)。整个观察期间ALI患儿血清SP-A水平与其相应的PaO_2/FiO_2和TPV/RVET比值呈负相关(P均<0.001)。结论:ALI新生儿血清SP-A水平与肺损伤的严重程度密切相关,动态监测患儿血中SP-A水平有利于判断病情及预后。     

肺出血幼兔右心室压力及肺毛细血管内皮细胞超微结构的改变

目的　研究肺出血幼兔肺动脉压力及肺血管内皮细胞超微结构的变化 ,为预防新生儿肺出血提供理论依据。方法　 15只幼兔耳缘静脉注射高分子右旋糖苷 (T 5 0 0 ) 1ml/kg,连续 5d (7只 )和 8d (8只 )。对照组 (8只 )注射相同剂量的生理盐水 ,连续 5d。经右心室穿刺 ,通过多道生理记录仪记录右心室压力 ,并以此反映肺动脉压力。透射电镜观察肺血管内皮细胞超微结构变化。结果　实验组幼兔右心收缩压第 5天为 (16 6± 1 2 )mmHg (1mmHg =0 .133kPa) ,第 8天为 (19 2±1 1)mmHg ,明显高于对照组的 (12 2± 1.3)mmHg(P <0 .0 1)。超微结构表现为肺动脉内皮细胞水肿 ,肺泡毛细血管内皮细胞破坏 ,II型上皮细胞内层状小体空泡变性。结论　高粘滞血症引起幼兔肺出血 ,伴有肺动脉压力显著升高及肺毛细血管内皮细胞和肺泡上皮细胞超微结构异常。这些改变是高粘滞血症导致幼兔发生肺出血的病理基础。     

Cardiovascular effects of dexamethasone in the preterm infant.

Twenty preterm infants were studied serially with Doppler echocardiography to document changes in pulmonary artery pressure, myocardial thickness, and patent ductus arteriosus associated with dexamethasone treatment for chronic lung disease. Pulmonary artery pressure was assessed with Doppler, by its inverse correlation with the ratio of the pulmonary artery time to peak velocity (TPV) and right ventricular ejection time (RVET). Eleven of the 20 infants showed an increase in TPV/RVET after commencing steroids, suggesting a fall in pulmonary artery pressure. This change was not sustained in most cases and had no correlation with the improvement in respiratory status. Ventricular septal and left ventricular posterior wall thickness increased in all 11 infants in whom it was measured. The median increase was respectively 0.9 and 0.8 mm. In most infants this increase was small, less than 1 mm, however two infants developed marked septal hypertrophy with Doppler evidence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Dexamethasone had no consistent closing effect on a patent ductus arteriosus in four infants. Myocardial hypertrophy occurs in most infants, in some it is severe. It would seem prudent to monitor echocardiographically for this side effect.     

Subclinical persisting pulmonary hypertension in chronic neonatal lung disease.

The development of pulmonary hypertension is one of the adverse factors in the outcome of infants with chronic neonatal lung disese (CNLD). The purpose of this cross sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence and degree of pulmonary hypertension in a cohort of survivors of CNLD stable in air. Pulmonary artery pressure was assessed using its inverse correlation with the ratio of time to peak velocity and right ventricular ejection time (TPV:RVET) as measured from Doppler velocity time signals in the main pulmonary artery. A normal ratio is > or = 0.35, a possibly low ratio lies between 0.31 and 0.35, and a definitely low ratio is < 0.31. The subjects were divided into three groups. Group A comprised 58 infants with oxygen dependence and an abnormal chest radiograph at 28 days of age; group B comprised 18 infants with oxygen dependence and a normal chest radiograph at 28 days of age; and group C (controls) comprised 21 siblings without oxygen dependence by 10 days and a normal chest radiograph. There were significant differences in mean (SD) TPV:RVET ratio between group A 0.346 (0.045), group B 0.335 (0.057), and groups A + B 0.344 (0.048) when compared with group C controls 0.385 (0.034). The prevalence of a definitely low TPV:RVET ratio suggesting a raised pulmonary artery pressure was 19% in group A, 39% in group B, 24% in groups A + B, and none in group C. There were no clinical signs of pulmonary hypertension in any patient studied. Stepwise multiple linear regression failed to find significant associations with antenatal or neonatal putative risk factors. Additionally, there were no associations with childhood respiratory morbidity. These data suggest a high prevalence of subclinical pulmonary hypertension in CNLD patients. It is speculated that occult hypoxaemia may be occurring in this group of infants.     

Effect of patent ductus arteriosus on doppler-derived right ventricular systolic time intervals

Summary Right ventricular systolic time intervals (RVSTI) and noninvasive Dopplerderived pulmonary blood flow were measured before and after surgical ductus ligation in 18 otherwise healthy infants and children who were older than 3 months of age. Right ventricular preejection period (PEP) and the ratio of preejection period and right ventricular ejection time (PEP/REVET), both corrected or uncorrected for heart rate, decreased significantly following surgery (PEP 71±14 vs. 50±13,p<0.001 and PEP/RVET 0.29±0.06 vs. 0.21±0.05,p<0.001). The volume of pulmonary blood flow correlated with PEP/RVET (r=0.48,p=0.003). The magnitude of the change in pulmonary blood flow correlated with the change in PEP/RVET (r÷0.56,p=0.016). The velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCFc) increased after surgery, but not significantly. We speculate that patent ductus arteriosus has a similar effect on right ventricular performance when other congenital heart defects are present.     

Doppler assessment of pulmonary artery pressure in neonates at risk of chronic lung disease

AIM—To evaluate the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) change in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants at risk of chronic lung disease (CLD).
METHODS—The time to peak velocity:right ventricular ejection time (TPV:RVET) ratio calculated from the pulmonary artery Doppler waveform, which is inversely related to PAP, was used. The TPV:RVET ratio was corrected for different heart rate (TPV:RVET(c)). Seventy three VLBW infants studied on days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 were enrolled for the analysis.
RESULTS—Twenty two infants developed CLD with a characteristic chest radiograph at day 28. Fifty one did not, of whom 17 were oxygen dependent on account of apnoea rather than respiratory disease, and 34 were non-oxygen dependent. The TPV:RVET(c) ratio rose progressively in all three groups over the first three days of life, suggesting a fall in PAP. In the oxygen and non-oxygen dependent groups, the mean (SD) ratio rose to 0.53 (0.09) and 0.57 (0.09), respectively, on day 7, then remained relatively constant thereafter. The CLD group rose more slowly after day 3 and had a significantly lower mean ratio from day 7 onwards compared with the other two groups (day 7: P<0.001, days 14-28: P<0.0001), and fell significantly from 0.47 (0.11) on day 7 to 0.41 (0.07) on day 28 (P=0.01), suggesting a progressive rise in PAP. The mean (SD) ratios at day 28 of all infants were: CLD group 0.41 (0.07); oxygen dependent group 0.66 (0.15); and the non-oxygen group 0.67 (0.11). The CLD group had a significantly lower ratio than the oxygen dependent group and the non-oxygen group (P<0.0001). Using the TPV:RVET(c) ratio of <0.46, infants at risk of developing CLD could be predicted on day 7 (predictive value 82.8%, sensitivity 54.5%, specificity 94.1%).
CONCLUSION—The non-invasive assessment of PAP using the TPV:RVET(c) ratio may be useful in the longitudinal monitoring of PAP change in VLBW infants, and for prediction of chronic lung disease.

     

Raised pulmonary artery pressure in very low birthweight infants requiring supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks after conception.

This study aimed to investigate the changes in pulmonary artery pressure in infants with chronic lung disease who then developed prolonged oxygen dependency. The time to peak velocity: right ventricular ejection time (TPV:RVET) ratio calculated from the Doppler waveform, which correlates negatively with pulmonary artery pressure, was used. Thirty four infants with chronic lung disease were studied. At 36 weeks after conception 19 infants still required supplemental oxygen (POD group) and 16 infants were in air (controls). Over the first three weeks, there was a significant rise in the ratio in both groups, indicating a fall in pulmonary arterial pressure. From the third week onwards the ratio was significantly lower in the POD group. There was a significant rise in the ratio from four to 36 weeks after conception in the control group; the POD group showed a tendency towards a fall over the same time period. The requirement for supplemental oxygen almost mirrored the changes in the ratio in both groups but was not significantly different until the fifth week after birth. These data suggest that pulmonary arterial pressure has a significant role in the pathophysiology of prolonged oxygen dependency and may be important in the subsequent morbidity associated with this group of very low birthweight infants.     

Haemodynamic effects of altering arterial oxygen saturation in preterm infants with respiratory failure.

AIMS: To examine the haemodynamic effects of brief alteration in arterial oxygenation in preterm infants with respiratory failure. METHODS: Eighteen preterm infants with respiratory failure, aged 9-76 hours, underwent detailed Doppler echocardiographic assessment at 86%, 96%, and 100% SaO2, achieved by altering the FIO2. Sixteen were receiving intermittent positive pressure ventilation, median FIO2 0.45 (0.20-0.65), median mean airway pressure 12 cm H2O (0-20). SaO2 was stable for 15 minutes at each stage. Four parameters of pulmonary arterial pressure were measured: peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation and peak velocity of left to right ductal flow, TPV:RVET ratio and PEP:RVET ratio, measured at the pulmonary valve, along with flow velocity integrals at the aortic and pulmonary valves, and systemic arterial pressure. Ductal size was graded into closed, small, moderate, large with imaging, pulsed and continuous wave Doppler. RESULTS: Between 86% and 96% SaO2, there were no consistent changes, but in three of the 12 with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) there was ductal constriction, with complete closure in one. Between 96% and 100% SaO2, peak ductal flow velocity rose significantly in four of eight with a PDA. Ductal constriction occurred in four infants; in three this was associated with a significant fall in aortic flow integral and a rise in aortic pressure (4-6 mm Hg). Overall, 11 infants went from 86% to 100% SaO2 and pulmonary arterial pressure fell significantly in seven. CONCLUSION: A brief rise in SaO2 within the range maintained by most neonatal units can cause significant ductal constriction. The fall in pulmonary arterial pressure with 100% SaO2 seen in most infants was associated with a fall in pulmonary blood flow (or no change), rather than a rise, indicating that the dominant haemodynamic effect was ductal constriction rather than pulmonary vasodilation.     

生后早期床旁心脏超声预测极低出生体重儿动脉导管持续开放的研究(英文翻译)

目的 探讨出生早期床旁心脏超声预测极低出生体重儿（very low birth weight infant,VLBWI）动脉导管持续开放的价值。 方法 回顾性选取2020年3月至2021年6月收治的51例VLBWI为研究对象,入院时日龄≤3 d并且住院时间≥14 d。根据出生14 d及28 d动脉导管未闭（patent ductus arteriosus,PDA）直径大小分为3组：大PDA组（PDA直径≥2 mm）、小PDA组（PDA直径<2 mm）和PDA关闭组（PDA直径=0 mm）,比较3组间生后72 h的心脏超声参数。采用受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线评估生后72 h心脏超声参数预测生后14 d和28 d动脉导管持续开放（PDA直径≥2 mm）的价值。 结果 生后14 d时,大PDA组有17例,小PDA组11例,PDA关闭组23例;生后28 d时,大PDA组有14例,小PDA组9例,PDA关闭组26例。3组患儿间胎龄、出生体重、肺泡表面活性物质应用及低血压发生率的比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。生后72 h的PDA直径、左肺动脉舒张末期流速、左心室输出量、左心室输出量/上腔静脉血流与生后14 d及28 d时动脉导管持续开放有关（P<0.05）;左心房/主动脉根部直径与生后28 d时动脉导管持续开放有关（P<0.05）。ROC曲线结果显示,生后72 h PDA直径预测生后14 d及28 d动脉导管持续开放的曲线下面积最大,分别为0.841和0.927;其次是左肺动脉舒张末期流速,其曲线下面积分别为0.793和0.833。 结论 生后72 h的床旁心脏超声指标,尤其是PDA直径及左肺动脉舒张末期流速,可预测VLBWI生后14 d和28 d动脉导管持续开放,为后续PDA早期目标性治疗策略的实施提供依据。     

婴儿动脉导管未闭合并中重度肺动脉高压介入封堵治疗临床分析

目的：分析动脉导管未闭合并中重度肺动脉高压（ pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAH）患儿介入封堵手术资料,评价其有效性和安全性。方法2011年1月至2014年12月收治的动脉导管未闭合并中重度PAH婴儿23例,在完善相关术前检查后于静脉麻醉下行介入封堵治疗,术中行右室造影及肺动脉主干测压,再行降主动脉侧位造影观察动脉导管型态大小及升主动脉、降主动脉测压,分别记录压力数值,抽取升主动脉、肺动脉及下腔静脉血各1 ml行血气分析,计算肺血管阻力,术中试封堵有效后可释放封堵器。术后24 h和1、3个月随访心脏彩色多普勒超声、胸部正位片、心电图检查。结果术后患儿临床症状消失,均痊愈出院,短期随访未出现介入治疗的相关并发症。分别对封堵术前及术后压力变化进行组内比较,主肺动脉压降低[术前（68.3±17.5）／（21.4±3.7） mmHg,术后（52.4±8.7）／（15.6±3.5） mmHg,1 mmHg ＝0.133 kPa],升主动脉压升高[术前（83.5±5.9）／（51.3±3.6） mmHg,术后（88.2±5.1）／（52.4±2.7） mmHg],降主动脉压升高[术前（81.4±3.3）／（48.2±2.7） mmHg,术后（86.5±4.7）／（51.5±3.2） mmHg],封堵术前后组内压力比较差异均有统计学意义（ t＝5.455／3.945, P＜0.01;t＝－2.696／－1.193,P＜0.05;t＝－4.167／－3.745,P＜0.01）。结论动脉导管未闭合并中重度PAH婴儿在掌握合适的手术时机及加强围术期管理的条件下,开展介入封堵是安全有效的。