小儿癫痫持续状态危险因素的病例—对照研究

目的 分析小儿癫痫持续状态（SE）的危险因素。方法 对77例发生SE的住院患儿和154例未发生SE的癫痫患儿进行病例－对照研究，采用多元Logistic回归模型分析病因、发作类型等24个因素与SE的关系。结果 单因素分析显示SE的危险因素包括：有明确病因、既往SE史、癫痫控制不良、复杂部分性发作、部分继发全身性发作、不典型失神发作、头颅CT和（或）MRI弥漫异常、脑电图背景活动异常、局灶痫性放电和用药依从性差；多因素分析显示：有明确病因（OR＝5．62）、既往SE史（OR＝4．50）、复杂部分性发作（OR＝2．96）、部分继发全身性发作（OR＝2．40）、脑电图背景活动异常（OR＝2．06）、用药依从性差（OR＝1．72）6项OR值的差异有显著性，显著其为SE的独立危险因素。结论 有明确病因、既往SE史、复杂部分性或部分继发全身性发作、脑电图背景活动异常、用药诊从性差为SE的危险因素，可增加小儿SE发生的危险性。     

小儿癫癎发作的分类及最新进展

癫是一种发作性疾病 ,正确了解其发作特点对癫的诊断、治疗及判断预后都有重要的参考价值。随着癫机理的深入研究 ,尤其是脑电图技术的不断进步 ,对各种癫发作也有了更多的了解。早在 1981年国际抗癫联盟 (ＩＬＡＥ)分类及命名委员将癫发作分为三类 ,即部分性发作、全身性发作及不能分类的发作。这个分类不是一个单纯的临床症状学分类 ,常常需要结合病因学及脑电图资料来判断。在部分性发作中又分为单纯部分性发作 (发作时无意识障碍 )及复杂部分性发作(发作时有意识障碍 )。全身发作中包括失神发作、肌阵挛发作、阵挛发作、强…     

儿童癫痫持续状态近期预后影响因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨儿童癫痫持续状态(SE)近期预后不良的影响因素。方法回顾性分析SE患儿的临床资料,采用格拉斯哥预后评分量表(GOS)描述近期预后,GOS=5分为预后良好,GOS<5分为预后不良。结果1.临床资料:入选298例,其中男163例,女135例;年龄2个月7 d^14岁5个月,1~3岁106例。154例(51.68%)既往有抽搐史,98例(63.63%)确诊癫痫,新发SE共241例(占80.87%)。儿童SE病因以热性惊厥居多(92例,占30.87%),其次为远期症状性(81例,占27.18%)。治疗:109例(41.90%)抽搐发作后及时予地西泮治疗,151例(58.10%)先予苯巴比妥钠或水合氯醛等抗癫痫药物。近期预后:254例(85.23%)GOS=5分,余44例GOS<5分。2.近期整体预后影响因素:单因素分析显示年龄、入儿童重症监护病房(PICU)、气管插管、既往抽搐史、生长发育落后、新发SE、发热、全面性发作、难治性SE、脑电图异常、头颅影像学异常及病因共12个因素与预后不良有关(均P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,需要PICU监护(OR=4.306,95%CI:1.554~11.933,P=0.005)、发育落后(OR=3.054,95%CI:1.157~8.066,P=0.024)、头颅影像学异常(OR=2.110,95%CI:1.121~3.970,P=0.021)为近期预后不良的独立危险因素。全面性发作(OR=0.330,95%CI:0.139~0.782,P=0.012)、热性惊厥病因(OR=0.688,95%CI:0.480~0.987,P=0.042)为预后的非危险因素。3.入PICU组SE患儿近期预后影响因素:PICU停留时间越长、非全面性发作类型、脑电图异常、头颅影像异常、发育落后、病因这6个因素与PICU组的预后不良有关,其中PICU停留时间(OR=36.912,95%CI:5.165~263.787,P=0.000)、发育落后(OR=14.403,95%CI:1.725~120.273,P=0.014)为PICU组预后不良的独立危险因素。结论需PICU监护、发育落后、头颅影像学异常为儿童SE整体近期预后不良的独立危险因素。PICU住院时间、发育落后为入PICU儿童SE近期预后不良的独立危险因素。     

获得性癫癎失语综合征四例

获得性癫失语 (ａｃｑｕｉｒｅｄｅｐｉｌｅｐｔｉｃａｐｈａｓｉａ)临床少见。我科收治 4例 ,现报道如下。临床资料 :本组 4例 ,男 3例 ,女 1例 ;年龄分别是 6、8、13、14岁 ,均有获得性失语和癫发作。脑电图检查均有性放电。癫发作的形式 :全身性阵挛发作 1例、简单部分性发作 (运动性 ) 1例、部分性运动性发作继发全身强直 阵挛发作 2例。失语形式 :1例 6岁男性患儿为发作性完全失语 ,起病迅速 ,恢复快 ,反复发作。表现为漠然 ,对语言无反应 ,不讲话 ,每次约持续数分钟至 10余分钟 ,可自行缓解。如此反复发作约 3个月后 ,出现发…     

婴儿癫发作特征的录像脑电图分析

目的　分析婴儿癫发作的录像脑电图 (Video EEG)特征。方法　根据癫发作分类法对 45例婴儿 10 6次癫发作的Video EEG资料进行分析。结果　 (1)全身性发作包括 :①全身性粗大肌阵挛 8例 32次发作 ,发作期EEG为阵发性全导棘慢波、多棘慢波或弥漫性低电压 ,肌阵挛与EEG相关性良好 ;②散发游走性肌阵挛 3例 ,面部及肢体远端频发间断肌阵挛 ,EEG为广泛持续慢波及多灶性棘波、尖波 ,肌阵挛与EEG无相关性 ;③婴儿痉挛 10例 17次发作 ,背景EEG为高峰节律紊乱 ,发作期为高波幅爆发和 (或 )低波幅抑制。全身性发作中缺乏完整的全身强直 阵挛性发作及失神发作。(2 )部分性发作 16例 42次发作 ,突出表现为无动性凝视 ,其次为简单自动症、植物神经症状及轻微的惊厥性症状。多数意识状态难以准确判断。EEG提示发作起源于额区、中央区、颞区或枕区。部分性继发全身性发作 5例 7次发作 ,EEG提示阵发性放电分别起源于颞区 2例 ,枕区 2例及多灶性 1例。(3)不能分类的发作 3例 5次发作 ,Video EEG主要表现为在 1次发作中出现多种发作类型。结论婴儿期癫发作在识别和分类上都比较困难。Video EEG监测同步分析有助于对婴儿癫发作的准确观察与分类。     

癫(癎)患儿预后的危险因素

儿童期癫癎患儿的预后与成年人不同,该文从一般因素、临床特征、辅助检查及药物治疗等方面复习国外近年文献,寻找儿童癫癎预后的危险因素。认为发病年龄大、病因明确、有癫癎持续状态、初期发作频率高、治疗前发作次数多、症状性癫癎综合征、有癫癎家族史、热性惊厥史、有神经系统体征、神经精神缺陷、脑电图异常、影像学异常、未正规应用抗癫癎药和对首次用药反应差的患儿预后不佳。     

癫(癎)患儿预后的危险因素

儿童期癫癇患儿的预后与成年人不同，该文从一般因京、临床特征、辅助检查及药物治疗等方面复习国外近年文献，寻找儿童癫癇预后的危险因素。认为发病年龄大、病因明确、有癫癇持续状态、初期发作频率高、治疗前发作次数多、症状性癫癇综合征、有癫癇家族史、热性惊厥史、有神经系统体征、神经精神缺陷、脑电图异常、影像学异常、未正规应用抗癫癇药和对首次用药反应差的患儿预后不佳。     

小儿癫癎的诊断

癫是小儿时期常见的神经系统疾患。据统计 ,1 4岁以下小儿癫的年发病率为 46～ 83/ 1 0万 ,而 9岁以下更高 ,达 72～ 86/ 1 0万。小儿正值生长发育期 ,癫发作的临床表现、实验室检查的结果与评价、病因与转归均与成人有很大不同。然而 ,在确立癫的诊断时 ,均须包括以下三个方面的内容 :(1 )其临床发作究竟是癫性的、还是非癫性的 ;(2 )若确系性发作 ,进一步确认是什么类型的发作 ?抑或属于某一特殊的癫综合征 ?(3)尽可能明确或推测其癫发作的病因。一、确认是否癫发作(一 )确认癫的主要依据1 .详细而准确的发作病史 :…     

起病于一岁以内的癫综合征和复发性惊厥

1岁以内婴儿是小儿惊厥的高发期 ,目前国际抗癫联盟 (ＩＬＡＥ)的分类法尚不能完全涵盖此年龄组的癫综合征或复发性惊厥 ,现参考ＩＬＡＥ(1989)分类和附录[1 ] ,以及中华医学会儿科学分会神经学组对小儿癫综合征分类的建议[2 ] ,介绍如下。(一 )新生儿期1.良性家族性新生儿惊厥 (ＢＦＮＣ) :该类患儿出生史正常 ,生后神经系发育无异常 ,常于生后 2～ 3ｄ出现全身性强直阵挛样发作 ,有时伴一侧或面肌阵挛、强直姿式或呼吸暂停。无发热 ,血清钠、钾、钙、镁和血糖、胆红素正常 ,脑脊液检查正常 ,发作间期脑电图 (ＥＥＧ)正常 ,头颅ＣＴ…     

癫疒间患儿发生早期癫疒间持续状态的危险因素分析

目的：探讨癫疒间儿童出现早期癫疒间持续状态的危险因素。方法回顾性收集212例癫疒间患儿临床资料、辅助检查结果,根据是否发生早期持续状态分为癫疒间持续状态组及对照组,分析发生早期癫疒间持续状态的危险因素。结果共有212例患儿进入本研究,两组比较发现首次发作持续时间( t＝2.106, P＝0.037)、头颅MRI异常率(χ2＝8.995,P＝0.003)、脑电图异常率(χ2＝30.961,P＝0.000)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05、或P<0.01)。单因素分析发现头颅MRI异常、脑电图异常、首次发作大于3min、发作频率、多胎多产有统计学意义( P<0.05、或 P<0.01),进一步多因素回归分析发现头颅 MRI异常( OR＝1.918,P＝0.001)、脑电图异常(OR＝3.633,P＝0.000)、首次发作大于3 min(OR＝12.277,P＝0.000)、发作频率(OR＝3.196,P＝0.003)进入回归方程。结论癫疒间患儿出现早期癫疒间持续状态的危险因素有头颅MRI异常、脑电图异常、首次发作大于3min、发作频率等。     

Risk factors of status epilepticus in children

BACKGROUND: Although there is abundant literature about the morbidity and mortality rates of status epilepticus (SE), little is known about the risk factors of this medical emergency. The aim of the present study is to assess the risk factors of SE in children. METHODS: The authors reviewed the medical records of 83 patients admitted to the Pediatric Neurology Unit of Trakya University Hospital, Edirne, Turkey from January 1994 to December 2001 with the diagnosis of SE. Eighty-three patients were compared with 166 controls who were admitted to the same unit due to non-status epilepticus (non-SE) seizure. RESULTS: The univariate analysis demonstrated that SE episodes were significantly associated with a history of birth asphyxia, neonatal seizure, discontinuation of antiepileptic medication, epilepsy, partial seizure evolving to secondary generalized seizures, myoclonic seizure, generalized abnormalities in the neurological examination, neuromotor retardation, generalized background abnormalities on electroencephalogram (EEG), generalized abnormalities on neuroimaging and polypharmacy than non-SE episodes. Logistic regression was used to test the independence of these parameters as predictors of SE risk. Four parameters emerged as significant independent predictors of SE in children in multiple logistic regression: polypharmacy (Odds ratio (OR) 5.17, P = 0.0004), discontinuation of antiepileptic medication (OR 4.04, P = 0.0095), neuromotor retardation (OR 4.03, P = 0.0016) and generalized background abnormalities on EEG (OR 2.48, P = 0.0419). CONCLUSION: Polypharmacy, discontinuation of antiepileptic medication, neuromotor retardation and generalized background abnormalities on EEG are indicators in children of a higher risk of SE.     

小儿结节性硬化症合并癫癎的随访研究

目的：调查结节性硬化症（TSC）合并癫癎的治疗转归及癫癎反复发作的高危因素。方法：回顾性分析我院66例TSC患儿的资料。结果：66例TSC患儿中,随访47例,随访时间为7个月至9.3年,平均4.5±2.6年。患儿现在年龄7.7±4.1岁,癫癎发作类型：40%有婴儿痉挛症,51%有强直性发作,32%有部分性发作,强直-阵挛性发作占6%,多灶性发作、失张力发作、不典型失神发作、抑制性运动发作各占2%。目前使用抗癫癎药1.9±0.86种,中位数1种。26%仍然癫癎发作,70%无发作,4%死亡。手术治疗3例,均在继续用药,随访1.5年以上,无发作。应用非条件logistic回归方法分析,发现起病年龄（RR=1.8, 95% CI 1.0～3.2, P=0.050）、抗癫癎药的种类(RR=4.8, 95% CI 1.2～18.6, P=0.024)、强直发作(RR=0.003, 95% CI 0.0～0.2, P=0.04)、性别(RR=0.016, 95% CI 0.0～0.5, P=0.017）是癫癎反复发作的高危因素。30例7岁以上儿童57%例可以上普通学校, 10%上特殊学校; 33%因为智力、言语发育落后不能上学。结论：对TSC合并癫癎进行抗癫癎治疗可以达到大部分无发作。癫癎发作起病年龄早、强直发作、需要多种抗癫癎药是癫癎反复发作的高危因素。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（12）：996-998］     

Recurrence risk after withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy: A prospective study

AimTo study recurrence risk after withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy.MethodsAll children younger than 14 with two or more unprovoked seizures 24 h apart who were seen at our Hospital between 1994 and 2004 were included consecutively and prospectively followed. Patients previously examined in other centres were excluded. All patients who entered a remission were proposed to stop medication and were followed.ResultsThree hundred and fifty three children with two or more unprovoked seizures were attended. A total of 238 entered a remission period and were proposed to stop medication, 216 accept. Mean seizure-free time before medication withdrawal was 2.2 years. Kaplan-Meier estimate of recurrence risk was 23% at 2 years (95% CI: 17–29) and 28% at 5 years (95% CI: 22–34). A remote symptomatic etiology, various seizure types and a history of prior febrile seizures or prior neonatal seizures were associated with a significant increase in recurrence risk in univariable and multivariable analyses using Cox proportional hazards model. Recurrence risk at 2 years was 17% (95% CI: 11–23) for idiopathic/cryptogenic epilepsies and 41% (85% CI: 28–54) for remote symptomatic epilepsies. Recurrence risks at 2 years by epileptic syndrome were West syndrome (0%), benign rolandic epilepsy (10%), epilepsy without unequivocal partial or generalized seizures (11%), benign infantile seizures (13%), absence epilepsy (16%), cryptogenic partial epilepsies (20%), symptomatic partial epilepsies (45%), symptomatic generalized epilepsies (54%).ConclusionsRecurrence risk after withdrawal of antiepileptic treatment in children is low. Etiology and syndromic diagnosis are the main predictive factors.     

One vs. two years of anti-epileptic therapy in children with single small enhancing CT lesions

The duration of anti-epileptic drug (AED) therapy in children with seizures due to single small enhancing CT lesions (SSECTL) is controversial. We sought to determine whether there is any difference in the rate of seizure recurrence after 1 vs. 2 years of AED therapy and to identify the factors predictive of seizure recurrence. A total of 115 consecutive children with seizures and SSECTL were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A received AED(s) for 1 year and Group B for 2 years seizure-free interval. CT scan and EEG were done prior to AED withdrawal and children were followed-up for seizure recurrence for at least 1 year. Association between seizure recurrence and clinical and CT characteristics was analysed. Groups A and B consisted of 55 and 51 children, respectively (nine were lost to follow-up). There were 61 boys and 45 girls; mean age 9.33 years. Most (93 per cent) had focal seizures: 36 per cent complex partial, 22 per cent simple partial, 35 per cent partial with secondary generalization; 21 per cent had status epilepticus. The two groups were comparable in clinical, EEG and CT characteristics. CT scan and EEG prior to AED withdrawal were abnormal in 44 per cent and 33 per cent respectively. Six children, three from each group had seizure recurrence. Significant association was found between seizure recurrence and abnormal CT (persistence/calcification of lesion) and abnormal EEG prior to AED withdrawal (p < 0.01). The relative risk of seizure recurrence in a child with abnormal CT and EEG prior to AED withdrawal was 26.2 (95 per cent confidence interval 3.3-210.2, p = 0.0003). No association was found between seizure recurrence and any of the other variables. There was no difference in seizure recurrence after 1 vs. 2 years of AED therapy. Combination of persistent/calcified CT lesion and abnormal EEG prior to AED withdrawal was the best predictor of seizure recurrence.     

The newborn with seizures -- a follow-up study

OBJECTIVE: To determine the sequelae of neonatal seizures in a cohort of newborns, recruited over a six month period. DESIGN: Prospective hospital based study. SETTING: The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: 135 babies were recruited of whom 10 died and 25 were lost to follow up. METHODS: The cases were followed up over four months. RESULTS: 68% of the babies followed up were normal; 32% had an abnormal neurological outcome. Seven (7%) developed post-neonatal epilepsy. Hypocalcemia was significantly associated with mortality (OR: 21.9; 95% CI: 1.2-391.2). No risk factors could be identified for post neonatal epilepsy. Presence of spike waves in the EEG was significantly related to abnormal neurological outcome (OR: 3.5; 95% C.I. 1.2-10.8). CONCLUSIONS: Majority of neonates with seizures have a normal outcome with no developmental delay or neurological deficit. Predominantly spike waves in the EEG is predictive of abnormal neurological outcome.     

Predictive factors and prognostic value for status epilepticus in newborns

Objectives

To evaluate the predictive factors for status epilepticus (SE) in neonates and prognostic factors for patient outcomes in newborns suffering either isolated seizures or SE.

Risk factors associated with wheezing in infants

Objectiveto identify possible risk factors associated with wheezing in infants (12-15 months-old) in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.Methodsthis was a cross-sectional study performed by applying a standardized written questionnaire from the international study on wheezing in infants (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancia en Lactantes - EISL), phase 3. Parents and/or guardians of infants were interviewed at primary health care clinics or at home from August of 2009 to November of 2010. Factors associated to wheezing were studied using bivariate and multivariate analysis (using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences [SPSS] v.18.0), and expressed as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Resultsthe written questionnaire was answered by 1,060 parents and/or guardians. The risk factors for wheezing were: history of asthma in the family [mother (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.07-2.43); father (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.22-3.23); siblings (OR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.18-3.87)]; history of previous pneumonia (OR = 10.80; 95% CI = 4.52-25.77); having had more than six upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) (OR = 2.95; 95% CI = 2.11-4.14); having had first URTI before the third month of life (OR = 1.50; 95% CI = 1.04-2.17); living in a moderately polluted area (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.08-2.33); paracetamol use for URTI (OR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.54-2.95); and antibiotic use for skin infection (OR = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.18-4.46).Conclusionsthe study of risk factors for wheezing in the first year of life is important to help physicians identify young children at high risk of developing asthma and to improve public health prevention strategies in order to reduce the morbidity of wheezing in childhood.     

Characteristics of severely malnourished under-five children hospitalized with diarrhoea, and their policy implications

AIM: Identify clinical and nutritional features, and complications among severely malnourished, under-five children in an urban diarrhoeal disease facility in Bangladesh. METHODS: For this case-control design, children of both sexes, aged 0-59 months were studied. Severely (< -3 z-score) underweight, stunted or wasted constituted cases and those with better nutritional status (z-score > or = -3) constituted controls. RESULTS: During 2000-2005, of the total 6881 children, 1103 (16%) were severely underweight, 705 (11%) severely stunted and 217 (3%) severely wasted. In logistic regression analysis, severely underweight children were more likely to be older than 11 months (OR 3.7, 95% CI 3.1-4.3, p < 0.001), non-breastfed (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.8, p < 0.001), have illiterate mothers (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.2-3.0, p < 0.001), non-sanitary toilet (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.6, p < 0.001), a history of measles in preceding 6 months (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.4, p = 0.001), dehydrating diarrhoea (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.2, p < 0.001), abnormal findings in lung auscultation (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.3, p < 0.001) and require hospitalization > or = 48 h (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.8-2.5, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There thus is a need to incorporate appropriate, cost-effective and sustainable preventive strategies and improved management policies in the health systems as well as in social support systems in Bangladesh.     

Domestic allergen and endotoxin exposure and allergic sensitization in Cyprus

We investigated the relationship between domestic allergen and endotoxin exposure and allergic sensitization among children in Cyprus. We skin prick tested 128 children aged 15-16 yr (random samples of 85 children with self-reported asthma and 43 healthy controls) and measured their domestic exposure to endotoxin and allergens (mite, cat, and dog). We analyzed the data using multivariate logistic regression (adjusting for gender, area of residence and parental history) and presented the outcomes as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among this selected population, 19% of children were sensitized to mite, 15% to cat and 7% to dog. Male gender (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.18-6.38, p = 0.02), maternal history of allergic disease (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.13-11.00, p = 0.03), increasing endotoxin (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.00-2.49, p = 0.05) and residence in the district of Nicosia (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.01-6.08, p = 0.05) were independent associates of allergic sensitization. Factors associated with mite sensitization were increasing Der p 1 and endotoxin exposure (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.01-1.62, p = 0.04 and OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.01-3.08, p = 0.05, respectively) and living in an urban area (OR 6.80, 95% CI 1.37-33.67, p = 0.02). Sensitization to domestic pets was associated only with paternal allergic disease (cat: OR 5.68, 95% CI 1.57-23.56, p = 0.02; dog: OR 13.5, 95% CI 1.79-101.73, p = 0.01), but not with pet ownership or specific allergen or endotoxin exposure. In conclusion, mite allergen exposure was associated with sensitization to mite, but there was no association between cat and dog allergen exposure and specific sensitizations. Surprisingly, in this area, increasing endotoxin exposure was associated with an increased risk of sensitization.     

Predictive value of electroencephalography and computed tomography in childhood non-traumatic coma

Objectives: To study value of electroencephalogram (EEG) and computed tomography (CT Scan) in predicting outcome of non-traumatic coma in children.Methods: 100 consecutive children, between 2 months to 12 years, with nontraumatic coma, (Glasgow Coma Scale score <-8). Demographic and clinical data was recorded at admission. EEG and CT scan were done within 24 hours of admission. Etiologic diagnosis was assigned on basis of clinical data and relevant laboratory investigations. The outcome was recorded as survived and died. Among survivors it was graded as no disability, or mild, moderate, or severe disability. Odds ratio and/or relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Results: EEG could be done in 60 patients (43 survived; 7 were normal, 8 had mild, 17 moderate and 11 severe disability) CT scan in 93 patients (60 survived; 11 were normal, 14 had mild, 21 moderate and 14 severe disability). A normal/borderline EEG was associated with good outcome (P = 0.001); 11 of 12 survived and of survivors 55% had no or mild disability. Electrocerebral silence on EEG was a predictor of death (OR = 44; 95% CI -1.5-7372; P =0.01). An abnormal EEG was associated with significant increase in risk of disability among survivors (RR=2.6, 95% CI= 1.2–5.4, P=0.03). Among CT abnormalities intracranial bleed suggested increased risk of death (RR = 2.1; 95% CI-0.8-5.3; P = 0.058), while, hydrocephalus was associated with better survival (RR = 0.7; 95% CI-0.5 to 0.96; P = 0.029). However, hydrocephalus when compared with other abnormal CT scan findings, was associated with higher risk of moderate and severe disability among survivors (P= 0.046)Conclusion: A normal CT scan and EEG, and some of the specific findings could be helpful in predicting outcome in children with non-traumatic coma. EEG and CT scan should be done at admission in all patients with non-traumatic coma if feasible