乳突根治加鼓室成形术临床疗效观察

目的：在传统乳突根治术的基础上，探讨保留部分外耳道后壁鼓室成形术的方法，以期提高化脓性中耳乳突炎病人的干耳率，提高听力的可能性，方法：对２６例（２９耳）化脓性中耳乳突炎患者进行乳突根治术，保留部分外耳道后上壁，一期重建中耳传音结构。结果：２６例（２９耳）术后８个月￣２４个月随访，术后干耳并听力提高达实用听力水平（２５ｄＢ以上）２６耳，治愈率达８９．７％，复发３耳，复发率为１０．３％。结论：对于耳咽管功能良好的化脓性中耳乳突炎病人的彻底清除乳突中耳病变的同时，行保留部分外耳道后壁及鼓环的鼓室成形术，更接近中耳生理结构，即清除炎性病变，又提高听力，值得推广。     

开放式乳突根治术并鼓室成形术112耳疗效观察

目的探讨开放式乳突根治并自体移植物鼓室成形术对慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎的疗效。方法对我院6年来108例（112耳）慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎患者施行开放式乳突根治并用自体移植物行鼓室成形术,对其疗效进行分析。结果术后2年以上随访54耳,干耳52耳,听力提高50耳,4耳听力无明显提高。结论开放式乳突根治并用自体移植物行鼓室成形术治愈率高,疗效满意,值得提倡。     

完壁式乳突根治-鼓室成形术

胆脂瘤型中耳炎是耳科常见病,同时也是治疗上存在问题较多的疾病之一,完壁式乳突根治-鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎,既能彻底清除病灶,同时又能最大限度地保留或改善中耳及外耳道的生理结构和听觉功能,是治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎的方法,本文介绍了该术式的手术方法、适应症的选择和胆脂瘤复发及处理等问题.     

保留低位骨桥的开放式乳突根治并鼓室成形术65例临床分析

目的 回顾性分析近期本人施行的65例保留低位骨桥的开放式乳突根治鼓室成型手术。方法 回顾分析2003年1月-2004年3月本人实施的65例保留低位骨桥的开放式乳突根治鼓室成型手术病例，其中胆脂瘤型中耳炎41例．骨疡型中耳炎24例介绍其手术方法并对术后干耳率及听力提高情况进行了统计分析。结果所 有病人均获干耳．鼓膜愈合良好，无明显内陷。干耳时间约为1—3个月，术后随访1年，无一例胆脂瘤或中耳炎复发。干耳后的听力恢复较满意。平均气骨导差缩小在10dB以上共占83．6％，其中10—20dB占38．2％，20—30dB占30．5％，〉30dB者14．9％。结论 保留低位骨桥的开放式乳突根治术在治疗胆脂瘤型或严重骨疡型中耳炎中既能保证彻底清除病变又能最大限度提高患耳的听力．是治疗这类疾病一种较好的手术方法。     

乳突根治+开放式鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤中耳炎的体会

目的 探讨乳突根治+开放式鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤中耳炎的疗效.方法 对37例(37耳)胆脂瘤中耳炎患者行乳突根治+开放式鼓室成形术的临床资料进行分析.结果 随访1～3年,37例(37耳)移植筋膜成活,2例(2耳)鼓膜再穿孔,2例(耳)鼓膜疤痕内陷.术后6个月纯音气导平均听阈(0.5～4 kHz)为39.84±6.24dB...     

上鼓室重建及鼓室成形术在开放式乳突根治中的应用

目的 探讨重建上鼓室外侧壁在开放式乳突根治中的意义。方法 选择开放式乳突根治的病人，同时应用同种异体鼻中隔软骨或自体乳突皮质骨，重建上鼓室外侧壁，完成上鼓室成形术20例。结果 20例手术均获得干耳，术后3～6个月平均气导听力提高20dB以上4耳，l0～20dB 13耳。结论 应用同种异体鼻中隔软骨或自体乳突皮质骨，重建上鼓室外侧壁，能改善行开放式乳突根治病人的听力。     

乳突病变切除加鼓室成形术与单纯鼓室成形术治疗中耳炎疗效的Meta分析

目的 比较乳突病变切除加鼓室成形术与单纯鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎的疗效.方法 通过计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、OVID、Cochrane library、中国知网数据库和万方数据库创建到2015年1月的文献数据,纳入比较乳突病变切除加鼓室成形术与单纯鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎的随机对照研究和队列研究文献,采用RevMan5.2软件包对纳入文献进行Meta分析,分析两种术式的鼓膜修补愈合率、气导和骨导听阈.结果 共检索到13篇符合纳入标准的文献,其中5篇随机对照研究,8篇队列研究;总患病耳数为2 136耳,行乳突病变切除加鼓室成形术812耳,行单纯鼓室成形术1 324耳.两种手术方式的鼓膜愈合率分别为87.11％ (696/799)和87.55％(1 139/1 301),差异无统计学意义[RR=1.02,95％CI(0.99,1.06),P=0.20];两种术式患者术后气骨导差≤20 dB的耳数分别占79.42％(328/413)和79.17％(475/600),差异无统计学意义[RR=0.99,95％CI(0.93,1.06),P=0.76];两种术式术后气导平均听阈改善差异无统计学意义[SMD=-0.01,95％CI(-0.29,0.31),P=0.93].结论 治疗乳突感染已被良好控制、非活动期但鼓室长期潮湿、中耳黏膜增厚的慢性化脓性中耳炎,乳突病变切除不能提高鼓室成形术后鼓膜愈合率,也不会影响鼓室成形术后听力提高程度.     

软壁式乳突根治鼓室成形术30例

2005年7月～2006年7月我科完成30例软壁式乳突根治加鼓室成形术,术中清除病灶,并用自体乳突皮质、颞肌筋膜及乳突肌骨膜瓣一期行外耳道后壁及中耳重建,疗效满意,现报告如下.     

骨性外耳道后壁重建鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎的疗效观察

目的：探讨处理乳突根治术后遗留的外耳道后壁缺损及开放的乳突腔的方法。方法：应用骨性外耳道后壁重建鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎58例（58耳）,清除病变的同时以颞骨皮质骨行骨性外耳道后壁重建并Ⅰ期行鼓室成形术。结果：随访1～3年,仅有1例胆脂瘤复发（复发率1．72％）。外耳道接近正常形态,保留含气乳突腔。纯音听阈提高30dBHL以上者（极效）5耳,提高20～29dBHL者（显效）11耳,提高10～19dBHL者（有效）30耳,总有效率为79．31％（46／58）,〈10dBHL者（基本无效）8耳,无听力提高者（无效）4耳。术后平均气导听阈明显减少。结论：乳突根治术后以颞骨皮质骨行骨性外耳道后壁重建并Ⅰ期行鼓室成形术,有助于修复乳突根治术后遗留的外耳道后壁缺损及开放的乳突腔,改善听力,降低胆脂瘤复发率,是一种较为实用的手术方法。     

Intact canal wall mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty for cholesteatoma in children

Objective/Hypothesis: Cases of cholesteatoma in pediatric patients were reviewed to determine which factors influence the outcome of surgical treatment. Cholesteatoma is considered a more aggressive disease in children than in adults. The outcomes of intact canal wall (ICW) mastoidectomy and canal wall down (CWD) mastoidectomy were assessed, as comparisons of different surgical technique. Study Design: A retrospective analysis of all cases of pediatric cholesteatoma treated at a single institution by the senior author (P.R.L.) over a period of 11 years was conducted. Methods: Patient information was collected from an otology database, patient records, and audiology files. Results: Sixty-six patients, aged 10 months to 18 years, were treated and followed for an average of 37.7 months (range 12.2 months to 12. 5 y). ICW mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty was the primary surgical treatment in 41 patients. Nineteen percent had residual disease at a planned second stage surgery and 22% developed recurrent cholesteatoma for a total recidivism rate of 41%. A SRT of less than 30 dB HL was achieved in 75% of these patients. Seventeen patients underwent CWD mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty initially. Two patients (12%) had residual cholesteatoma found at a planned second state procedure, and no recurrent cholesteatoma was encountered. Seventy-two percent maintained a SRT of less than 30 dB HL. Conclusions: These results support the continued use of ICW mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty for pediatric cholesteatoma. If planned second stage surgery is necessary, the long-term results of an ear with useful hearing and few problems with chronic medical care are gratifying. For reasons of anatomy or in an only hearing ear, CWD mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty provides a safe ear and good hearing results. Mastoid cavity care must be maintained indefinitely in many cases.     

Intact canal wall tympanoplasty in the management of cholesteatoma

There are presently two schools of thought on the proper surgical management of cholesteatoma associated with chronic ear disease: one feels that the ear should be exteriorized and left “open”; the other takes the position that the disease can be removed, and the ear left in its normal anatomical and functional state. The latter group are known to favor a “closed” or more conservative procedure. The purpose of this paper is to review a, series of patients who have had cholesteatoma managed by an intact canal Avail procedure that prevents a postoperative cavity. Out of a series of 590 chronic ear surgeries performed between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 1974, there were 179 done for cholesteatoma (30 percent). There were 153 patients, 26 of whom had bilateral disease. Twenty-three patients were lost to folloAV-up, giving an overall total of 154 surgeries with from one to five-year information. The overall follow-up rate was 85 percent. Recurrent cholesteatoma was the most bothersome complication and occurred in 14 percent of the series. Residual cholesteatoma was managed by doing all procedures in two stages. The authors feel that the intact canal wall tympanoplasty is a procedure that will gain acceptance and will be more widely used in the future.     

完壁式乳突根治鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤中耳炎

目的:探讨完壁式乳突根治鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤中耳炎的临床效果和相关的经验教训.方法:对57例胆脂瘤中耳炎患者实施完壁式乳突根治鼓室成形术.结果:随访1～8年,平均3.7年.术后5例感染流脓,其中3例经及时处理得到控制并愈合,2例二次手术处理后愈合;3例术后因胆脂瘤复发行开放式乳突手术获干耳;鼓膜完整但有内陷者29例,其中2级内陷者13例;术后8个月及1年人工听骨脱出各1例.术后言语频率气导听阈降低>10 dB HL为72.2%(39/54),气骨导差<20 dB HL为53.7%(29/54),气骨导差缩小25 dB HL以上占42.6%(23/54).结论:施行完壁式乳突根治鼓室成形术,如果适应证掌握得当,技术条件许可,患者能按时随访.可以有效保留原中耳乳突解剖结构和改善听力,提高患者生活质量,应予优先选择该术式.     

前壁外耳道-鼓膜瓣应用于开放式鼓室成形术31例

目的 探讨前壁外耳道-鼓膜瓣应用于开放式鼓室成形术中,能否提高鼓膜修补成功率和手术疗效.方法 对慢性化脓性中耳炎及中耳胆脂瘤伴中、下鼓室自行封闭患者66例(66耳),予开放式鼓室成形术治疗,其中31例术中应用前壁外耳道-鼓膜瓣内植法鼓室成形(前瓣组),35例应用软骨和筋膜内植法鼓室成形(软骨组),测定术前及术后6个月气导(AC)、气骨导差(ABG),比较两组的临床疗效.结果 前瓣组成功率为96.8%(30/31),软骨组88.6%(31/35),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);前瓣组有效率为88.46%,软骨组为65.52%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),即前瓣组优于软骨组.结论 伴有中、下鼓室封闭的慢性中耳炎患者,行开放式鼓室成形术中应用前壁外耳道-鼓膜瓣鼓室成形能提高筋膜成活率,术后鼓膜穿孔率低,较好成形鼓室,并能同期听力重建,提高听力.     

Intact canal wall tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma: long-term follow-up

One hundred four ears operated for cholesteatoma using the intact wall technique were studied in 1981. In the 1981 study, there was a 7% recurrence rate in adults and a 25% recurrence rate in children after a 5-year follow-up. Recognizing that chronic otitis media is often not controlled by surgery, long-term follow-up is necessary to evaluate a particular operative approach to control the disease and restore function. The purpose of this study is to reexamine the series of patients studied in 1981 and evaluate the status of the ear, as well as long-term functional results.     

硬质耳内镜在胆脂瘤中耳炎手术治疗中的应用

目的探讨耳内镜在胆脂瘤中耳炎手术治疗中的作用。方法2003—2005年的中耳胆脂瘤患者43例43耳,应用硬性耳内镜协助下行乳突根治 Ⅰ期鼓室成形术,并在耳内镜下随访2年以上(平均2.211±0.323年)。结果术后1.5～3月干耳40例,鼓膜色泽正常。2例内陷袋形成,术后1年经耳内镜手术探查,发现为中耳粘连导致上中鼓室通气不畅。1例术后0.5年因患耳流脓再次手术,为修补之鼓膜与鼓窦口上皮粘连,后鼓室有孤立胆固醇肉芽肿,清除粘连及病变组织后2月干耳。随访测听结果:听力提高10～20dB21耳,21～30dB15耳,>30dB4耳,<10dB3耳。结论耳内镜能够弥补耳显微镜的不足,辅助清除中耳病灶以增加手术成功率。     

Evaluation of canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction for draining ear with middle ear cholesteatoma

OBJECTIVES: We studied the postoperative stability of canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction for middle ear cholesteatoma with preoperative otorrhea. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 155 ears with middle ear cholesteatoma treated with canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction were evaluated retrospectively. A comparison was made between the group of 80 ears which showed otorrhea, preoperatively, and the group of 75 without preoperative otorrhea. Problems observed in the tympanic membrane or reconstructed external auditory canal were evaluated both at the postoperative initial stage and more than 1 year after surgery. Postoperative hearing prognosis was also studied. RESULTS: 1) In the postoperative initial stage, local infection and necrosis of materials for canal reconstruction were significantly more likely to be observed in ears with preoperative otorrhea. 2) In ears with postoperative local infection, necrosis of materials for canal reconstruction occurred more frequently, and the period until drying of the reconstructed external auditory canal was significantly extended. 3) No significant difference was seen in postoperative status of the tympanic membrane and reconstructed ear canal at least 1 year after surgery. 4) The presence of preoperative otorrhea had no influence on hearing prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: When canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction is used for ears with preoperative otorrhea, careful attention should be paid to local treatment at the postoperative initial stage. However, no significant problem occurred in the outcome of preoperative ear draining at least 1 year after surgery.     

胆脂瘤型和骨疡型中耳炎Ⅰ期鼓室成形术的疗效观察

目的：探讨胆脂瘤型和骨疡型中耳炎Ⅰ期鼓室成形术的可行性及疗效影响因素。方法：52例(52耳)慢性化脓性中耳炎(胆脂瘤型30耳，骨疡型22耳)患者在清除病变的同时行鼓室成形术，其中单纯鼓室成形术12耳，乳突根治加鼓室成形术40耳。结果：全部病例均干耳，无一例胆脂瘤复发。语频段听力提高30dB以上者5耳，提高20～29dB者9耳，提高10～19dB者31耳，小于10dB者7耳，无听力下降者。结论：胆脂瘤型和骨疡型中耳炎可行Ⅰ期鼓室成形术，鼓膜有效振动面积、镫骨及镫骨底板的活动度是影响听力的重要因素，咽鼓管功能不良是手术失败的主要原因。     

外耳道后壁重建式乳突切除术和鼓室成形术的临床疗效观察

目的初步探讨在部分乳突腔狭小而需行乳突切除术的慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎(主要为胆脂瘤型和骨疡型及两者兼有的混合型)患者,外耳道后壁重建式乳突切除术在既需彻底清除病灶、又应尽可能多地保留或改善听觉功能方面的临床价值和意义.方法对临床7例因中颅窝底低位和乙状窦壁前位而造成乳突腔狭小的胆脂瘤型和/或骨疡型中耳乳突炎患者,在行乳突切除术中采用外耳道后壁切除和重建技术,最终保持完整的鼓室和外耳道壁,再行Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期鼓室成形术重建鼓室传音结构,手术前后检查听觉功能,与同期进行的12例慢性化脓性中耳乳突炎而行经典的完壁式乳突切除术患者进行对照.结果外耳道后壁重建技术可有效地解决乳突腔狭小患者行完壁式乳突切除术中病灶清除困难、并发症发生率高、易致胆脂脂瘤等病变组织残留或复发等问题.本次观察的全部19例患者在行Ⅱ期鼓室成形术或鼓室探查术中均未发现胆脂瘤复发,术后平均气导听阈较术前明显降低,传导性聋的改善程度两组之间无显著性差异,未发生明显的手术并发症.结论采用外耳道后壁重建技术的完壁式乳突切除术可基本达到与经典的完壁式乳突切除术等同的听觉功能保留与提高效果,故对于有相关适应证患者,应作为常规选择手术方式.Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期鼓室成形术对于提高中耳传音功能(即听力水平)具有重要的临床价值和意义.