18F-FDG PET/CT与多层螺旋CT在进展期胃癌术前TNM分期的对比研究

目的 应用18F-FDG PET/CT(PET/CT)与多层螺旋CT对进展期胃癌术前TNM分期进行对比研究,以期更客观地评估术前分期,指导治疗.方法 对术前行PET/CT检查的39例及MSCT检查的40例进展期胃癌,分别进行术前TNM分期,将检测结果与术中所见及病理进行对照.结果 PET/CT对原发灶、区域淋巴结、N3转移淋巴结的准确率分别为92.3%、66.7%、100.0%;而MSCT诊断的准确率分别为82.0%、50.0%、62.5%.结论 (1)PET/CT和多层螺旋CT对原发灶、区域淋巴结转移的准确率都较高,差异无统计学意义,由于多层螺旋CT临床应用广泛且费用远低于PET/CT,是首选的检测手段;(2)PET/CT对N3转移淋巴结、远处转移灶检测的准确率明显高于多层螺旋CT,为临床提供更为全面客观的术前分期,指导治疗;(3)由于PET/CT也存在一定假阴性,结合腹腔镜检可减少或避免不必要的剖腹术.     

动态磁共振减影技术对胃癌术前TNM分期的诊断价值

目的 探讨动态磁共振(MRI)减影技术在胃癌术前TNM分期评估中的临床应用价值.方法 运用动态MRI减影技术,对39例胃癌患者进行术前TNM分期诊断.患者术后经病理确诊.将MRI结果与术后病理结果对比.结果 动态MRI对本组胃癌浸润深度(T)的总体诊断准确率为82.1%;对淋巴结转移状况(N)的总体诊断准确率为71.8%;对远处转移(M)的总体诊断准确率为84.6%:TNM分期诊断总的准确率为71.8%.MRI对胃癌术前TNM分期的诊断与术后病理结果有着较高的一致性(Kappa值为0.671～0.763,P<0.05).结论 MRI在显示胃癌侵犯胃壁的深度、淋巴结转移及远处脏器转移方面起着重要的作用,对于胃癌术前临床分期的评估有其独特的优越性.     

腹腔镜术中超声确定胃癌TNM的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜术中超声(LUS)确定胃癌TNM的效果。方法:收集2015年9月—2017年10月青岛市市立医院东院普外科经胃镜病理组织活检证实的118例胃癌患者,患者术前常规评估心肺功能,完善术前准备,手术医师先完成腹腔镜检查,之后通过腹壁上的通道将腹腔镜探头放入腹腔,在腹腔镜图像的指导下进行超声扫描,对肿瘤的TNM分期做出评价。术后对切除标本行病理学分期,对T、N、M分期统计量行一致性分析,对两种方法的符合率进行比较。结果:LUS对胃癌T1～T4分期诊断的灵敏度和特异性分别为75.0%(9/12)、90.65%,75.0%(12/16)、92.16%,71.4%(5/7)、83.61%,92.8%(77/83)、96.67%。对胃癌N0～N3分期诊断的灵敏度及特异性分别为70.6%(24/34)、91.25%,83.3%(40/48)、78.26%,72.4%(21/29)、91.7%,71.43%(5/7)、97.1%。对二者行一致性比较的Kappa值为0.637,结果较为满意。LUS对胃癌远处转移(M)的判断总准确率为99.1%(117/118),其中M0 100%,M1 53.85%。结论:LUS检查对胃癌临床分期准确性较高,能精准分型,并能识别淋巴结远处转移。     

腹腔镜联合影像设备对胃癌患者手术前分期的评估价值

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合CT对胃癌患者术前分期的临床评估价值。方法:选取2012年6月至2014年6月182例胃癌根治手术患者为研究对象,患者术前均行CT序贯腹腔镜检查对临床分期进行评估,并与病理结果进行对比。结果:对胃癌T分期诊断准确率:CT为80.77%(147/182),CT联合腹腔镜为91.21%(166/182),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对胃癌手术N分期诊断准确率:CT为74.73%(136/182),CT联合腹腔镜为90.11%(164/182),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对胃癌手术TNM分期诊断准确率:CT为69.78%(127/182),CT联合腹腔镜为92.31%(168/182),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:CT诊断胃癌TNM分期准确、有效,联合腹腔镜可最大限度地提高诊断准确性。     

18F-FDGPET／CT与多层螺旋CT在进展期胃癌术前TNM分期的对比研究

目的应用18F-FDGPET／CT（PET／CT）与多层螺旋cT对进展期胃癌术前TNM分期进行对比研究,以期更客观地评估术前分期,指导治疗。方法对术前行PET／CT检查的39例及MSCT检查的40例进展期胃癌,分别进行术前TNM分期,将检测结果与术中所见及病理进行对照。结果PET／CT对原发灶、区域淋巴结、N3转移淋巴结的准确率分别为92．3％、66．7％、100．0％;而MSCT诊断的准确率分别为82．0％、50．0％、62．5％。结论（1）PET／CT和多层螺旋CT对原发灶、区域淋巴结转移的准确率都较高,差异无统计学意义,由于多层螺旋cT临床应用广泛且费用远低于PET／CT,是首选的检测手段;（2）PET／CT对N3转移淋巴结、远处转移灶检测的准确率明显高于多层螺旋cT,为临床提供更为全面客观的术前分期,指导治疗;（3）由于PET／CT也存在一定假阴性,结合腹腔镜检可减少或避免不必要的剖腹术。     

64-MSCT增强扫描评价胃癌患者术前临床TNM分期的价值

目的探讨64排螺旋CT(64-MSCT)增强扫描评价胃癌患者术前临床TNM分期的价值。方法选取2016-07—2019-01间在林州市肿瘤医院接受根治手术的200例胃癌患者,术前均经胃镜及病理检查确诊。以术后病理TNM分期为“金标准”,评价术前64-MSCT增强扫描对胃癌患者临床TNM分期的价值。结果术前64-MSCT增强扫描临床TNM分期中,T、N、M的准确率分别为82.00%、73.00%和97.00%。M的准确率高于T和N分期(P<0.05),且一致性极好(Kappa=0.905,P<0.001)。结论术前64-MSCT增强扫描评估胃癌患者的临床TNM分期准确率较高,对远处转移判断与病理诊断具有高度一致性,有助于临床医师制定治疗方案。     

64排螺旋CT对Ⅳ期胃癌术前分期的价值

目的 评价64排螺旋CT对Ⅳ期胃癌术前分期的准确性.方法 收集2007年7月至2008年4月期间我院胃肠外科收治的49例Ⅳ期胃癌患者的临床资料,对其中术前行64排螺旋CT(64 MDCT)检查的29例患者进行回顾性分析并按日本胃癌规约对肿瘤进行分期. 将CT术前分期结果与临床-手术-病理分期结果进行对照分析.结果 本组病例经64 MDCT术前分期,其中65.2%(15/23)T分期准确,47.8%(11/23)N分期准确,70.8%(17/24)M分期准确,58.6%TNM分期准确(17/29). 而腹膜转移患者中6/9未能经术前64 MDCT检出. 结论 64 MDCT可以对Ⅳ期胃癌进行较准确的分期,其分期准确率降低的主要原因为腹膜转移的漏诊,但64 MDCT分期降低并不增加剖腹探查率.     

~(68)Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT在初诊前列腺癌远处转移灶检测中的应用时机

目的探讨~(68)Ga-PSMA-617PET/CT在初诊前列腺癌远处转移灶检测中的应用时机。方法回顾性分析空军军医大学第一附属医院2017年05月至2018年05月接诊的68例初诊前列腺癌患者的临床资料,按有无发生远处病灶转移及转移类型分为无远处转移组、仅伴区域外淋巴结转移组、仅伴骨转移组、同时伴区域外淋巴结和骨转移组及伴内脏转移组5组,分析~(68)Ga-PSMA-617PET/CT检查不同的远处转移灶结果与患者发病年龄、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平、Gleason评分、T分期、N分期间的关系。结果68例初诊前列腺癌患者中,~(68)Ga-PSMA-617PET/CT检查结果显示,无远处转移患者38例(55.9%)、远处转移性患者30例(44.1%)。远处转移患者较无远处转移患者具有更高的PSA水平、Gleason评分、T分期及N分期,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.0001),但发病年龄无明显差异(P=0.675)。无远处转移组、仅伴区域外淋巴结转移组、仅伴骨转移组、同时伴区域外淋巴结和骨转移组及伴内脏转移组的PSA水平与转移程度存在正相关(r=0.602,P0.0001),并提示当PSA≥37ng/mL时,即可能发生远处转移。结论推荐Gleason评分为8-10分、T分期为3-4、N分期为1的初诊前列腺癌患者,特别是当PSA≥37ng/mL时,行~(68)GaPSMA-617PET/CT检查,尽早发现患者远处转移灶及精准分期,有利于对患者制订更合理的个体化治疗方案。     

18氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子扫描和计算机断层扫描应用于胃癌术前分期的研究

目的 研究18氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子扫描(18F-FDG PET)和计算机断层扫描(CT)融合显像(18F-FDG PET/CT)在胃癌术前分期中的作用.方法 2006年1月至2009年12月间经内镜活检与病理学检查确诊、并使用18F-FDG PET/CT作术前评估的胃癌患者67例.对比分析18F-FDG PET/CT的术前分期和手术病理学检查结果,探讨18F-FDG PET/CT在胃癌术前分期中的敏感度、特异性和准确度.结果 癌细胞转移到淋巴结50例,肝2例,网膜3例,肠系膜2例,肠壁2例,腹膜4例,肺1例,骨1例,子宫、附件2例.18F-FDG PET/CT对胃癌术前分期的敏感度、特异性和准确度分别是87%,96%和88%.18F-FDG PET/CT对不同TNM分期胃癌的敏感度、特异性和准确度并不相同,分别是Ⅰ期50%,100%,50%;Ⅱ期89%,87%,89%和Ⅲ期86%,97%,86%.但Ⅳ期胃癌的敏感度、特异性和准确度均为100%.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT不仅能检测肿瘤原发灶和周围淋巴结,且能全面了解病变全身的累及范围,对制定合理的治疗方案有重要的参考价值.特别是对不能根治的胃癌具有极高的诊断率,可避免不必要的手术探查.     

胃双重超声造影结合血清巨噬细胞炎症蛋白1与血管细胞黏附分子1检测对胃癌术前分期的价值

目的:探讨胃双重超声造影(DCEUS)联合血清巨噬细胞炎症蛋白1(MIP-1)与血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)检测对胃癌术前分期的临床价值。方法:685例胃癌患者术前行胃镜和DCEUS检查并进行术前分期,同时运用ELISA法检测术前血清MIP-1与VCAM-1水平,根据术后病理分期,比较DCEUS与DCEUS联合MIP-1与VCAM-1检测对胃癌术前分期判断准确性。结果:DCEUS对胃癌T分期判断的敏感性(特异性)分别为T1 93.10%(92.05%)、T2 67.47%(65.50%)、T3 78.62%(80.47%)、T4 91.41%(90.70%),总准确率为80.15%;对N分期判断的敏感性(特异性)分别为N0 90.55%(80.99%)、N1 63.57%(73.87%)、N2 88.40%(92.50%)、N3 82.35%(73.68%),总准确率为82.92%;对M分期判断的敏感性(特异性)分别为:M0 99.29%(84.82%)、M1 71.48%(98.43%),总准确率为88.61%。血清MIP-1和VCAM-1水平与胃癌组织浸润程度、淋巴结转移、远处转移和病理分期均有关(均P0.05)。DCEUS联合MIP-1、VCAM-1检测对T分期判断的敏感性(特异性)分别为T1 93.10%(92.05%)、T2 87.95%(94.19%)、T3 95.07%(92.33%)、T4 91.41%(90.70%),总准确率为92.41%;对N分期判断的敏感性(特异性)分别为:N0 98.43%(96.90%)、N1 89.15%(94.26%)、N2 95.22%(95.22%)、N3 92.65%(89.36%),总准确率为94.16%;对M分期判断的敏感性(特异性)分别为M0 99.76%(97.68%)、M1 96.20%(99.61%),总准确率为98.39%。DCEUS联合MIP-1、VCAM-1检测对判断胃癌T、N、M分期的准确率均明显高于DCEUS(均P0.05)。结论:胃癌的病理分期与血清MIP-1和VCAM-1表达密切相关,DCEUS联合术前检测MIP-1和VCAM-1血清水平,有利于提高胃癌术前分期判断的准确性。     

Advantages of positron emission tomography over computed tomography in mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: New treatment algorithms in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) involving preoperative chemotherapy require accurate clinical staging of the mediastinum. This study compares the accuracy of 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scanning with that of computed tomography (CT) scanning in the clinical staging of non-small cell lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 52 patients with NSCLC who were evaluated with both CT and PET scans. All patients had their mediastinal lymph nodes sampled by mediastinoscopy or at the time of thoracotomy for pulmonary resection. Each imaging study was evaluated separately and correlated with histopathologic results. RESULTS: For detecting mediastinal metastases the sensitivities of PET and CT scans were 67 and 50%, respectively; specificities were 91 and 65%, respectively; accuracies were 88 and 63%, respectively; positive predictive values were 50 and 16%, respectively; negative predictive values were 95 and 88%, respectively. PET scans were significantly better than CT scans at detecting mediastinal metastases (PET, 4/8; CT, 3/19) (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: PET scanning is superior to CT scanning for clinical staging of the mediastinum in NSCLC. A more confident decision regarding stratification of patients into current treatment algorithms can be made when the decision is based on PET scanning rather than the current "gold standard" of CT scanning.     

Scanning with 18F-FDG-PET/CT for Detection of Pelvic Nodal Involvement in Inguinal Node-Positive Penile Carcinoma

Background

Penile carcinoma patients with inguinal lymph node involvement (LNI) have an increased risk for pelvic nodal involvement with or without distant metastases.

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT; 18F-FDG PET/CT) scanning in determining further metastatic spread in patients with tumour-positive inguinal nodes.

Design, setting, and participants

Eighteen patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma with unilateral or bilateral cytologically tumour-positive inguinal disease underwent whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/CT scanning for tumour staging.

Measurements

Images were blindly assessed by two nuclear medicine physicians. All scans were evaluated for pelvic nodal involvement per basin and for distant metastases. Histopathology (when available), radiologic imaging, and clinical follow-up (with a minimum of 1 yr) served as a reference standard. The diagnostic value of PET/CT scanning for predicting pelvic nodal involvement was evaluated using standard statistical methods.

Results and limitations

The reference was available in 28 of the 36 pelvic basins. Of the 11 tumour-positive pelvic basins, 10 were correctly predicted by PET/CT scan, as were all 17 tumour-negative pelvic basins. PET/CT scan showed a sensitivity of 91%, a specificity of 100%, a diagnostic accuracy of 96%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 94% in detecting pelvic nodal involvement. Additionally, PET/CT scans showed distant metastases in five patients. In four patients, the presence of distant metastases could be confirmed, while in one patient, no radiologic confirmation was found for that particular lesion. A potential limitation is that the diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT scanning was calculated on 28 pelvic basins only. Furthermore, no comparison was made with conventional CT scans, as not all patients had undergone contrast-enhanced CT scans.

Conclusions

PET/CT scanning appears promising for detecting pelvic lymph node metastases with great accuracy, and it identifies distant metastases in penile carcinoma patients with inguinal LNI. In our practice, PET/CT scanning has become part of routine staging in such patients.     

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography improves preoperative staging of resectable lung metastasis

OBJECTIVE: F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is now a procedure of proven clinical value in the staging of primary lung cancer. This study evaluated the role of PET in the preoperative assessment of resectable lung metastases. METHODS: Eighty-six patients with previously treated malignancy and proven or suspected lung metastases, deemed resectable at computed tomography scan, were investigated with 89 preoperative PET procedures. Primary tumor sites were: gastrointestinal in 32 cases, sarcoma in 13, urologic in 14, breast in 8, head and neck in 7, gynecologic in 5, thymus in 5, other in 5. Seventy lung resections were performed in 68 patients of whom only 54 proved to be lung metastasis, 7 were primary lung tumors, and 9 were benign lesions. RESULTS: In 19 cases (21%) lung surgery was excluded on the basis of PET scan results due to extrapulmonary metastases (11 cases), primary site recurrence (2), mediastinal adenopathy (2), or benign disease (4). All mediastinal node metastases (7 cases) were detected by PET with a sensitivity, accuracy, and negative predictive value for mediastinal staging of 100%, 96%, and 100%, respectively, versus 71%, 92%, and 95% of the computed tomography scan. In the group of patients who underwent lung resection, PET sensitivity for detection of lung metastasis was 87%. CONCLUSIONS: PET scan proved to be a valuable staging procedure in patients with clinically resectable lung metastasis and changed the therapeutic management in a high proportion of cases.     

Dynamic CT in the Preoperative Evaluation of Patients With Gastric Cancer: Correlation With Surgical Findings and Pathology

Background: The use of diagnostic techniques in the preoperative staging of patients with gastric cancer must be better defined. To further clarify which technique is indicated, we applied a new modality of computed tomography (CT) scanning for patients with gastric cancer.Methods: Dynamic CT of the abdomen using water as oral contrast agent was performed in 30 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Patients without evidence of metastatic disease underwent exploratory laparotomy and intraoperative staging. Resectable patients had surgical excision and definitive pathologic staging.Results: Two patients (7%) had metastatic disease by CT and were considered inoperable. The remaining 28 underwent laparotomy. Of these, six (21%) were unresectable and 22 (79%) had surgical resection. Dynamic CT adequately suggested advanced stage disease in four (67%) of the 6 unresectable patients. Wall thickness in dynamic CT correlated with the risk of serosal involvement (P < .001). Both CT and surgery had an accuracy of 64% (P > .05) in predicting pathologic staging. CT overstaged only 4% of cases.Conclusions: Dynamic CT is a useful modality that can indicate inoperable disease, obviating the need for laparotomy in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. CT can modify the surgical approach by suggesting unresectable or advanced disease. The low percentage of patients that are overstaged by CT, combined with its similar staging accuracy when compared with laparotomy, support its preoperative use in these patients.     

Minimally invasive surgical biopsy confirms PET findings in esophageal cancer

This report describes our initial experience using positron emission tomography (PET) scanning in esophageal cancer patients. In two patients PET identified distant metastatic disease missed by conventional staging. Laparoscopic biopsy provided histological confirmation of metastases. In the third patient, locoregional lymph nodes were identified by PET and confirmed by surgical staging. In this preliminary report, PET appears to be a promising new noninvasive modality for staging patients with esophageal cancer. Received: 6 December 1997/Accepted: 14 January 1997     

Comparative efficacy of positron emission tomography with FDG and computed tomographic scanning in preoperative staging of non-small cell lung cancer

OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of positron emission tomography with 2-fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (PET-FDG) in the preoperative staging (N and M staging) of patients with lung cancer. The authors wanted to compare the efficacy of PET scanning with currently used computed tomography (CT) scanning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Results of whole-body PET-FDG imaging and CT scans were compared with histologic findings for the presence or absence of lymph node disease or metastatic sites. Sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes was performed using mediastinoscopy or thoracotomy. RESULTS: PET-FDG imaging was significantly more sensitive, specific, and accurate for detecting N disease than CT. PET changed N staging in 35% and M staging in 11% of patients. CT scans helped in accurate anatomic localization of 6/57 PET lymph node abnormalities. CONCLUSION: PET-FDG is a reliable method for preoperative staging of patients with lung cancer and would help to optimize management of these patients. Accurate lymph node staging of lung cancer may be ideally performed by simultaneous review of PET and CT scans.     

Lymph node staging in non-small cell lung cancer: evaluation by [18F]FDG positron emission tomography (PET)

BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to investigate the accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D- glucose (FDG) in the thoracic lymph node staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Forty six patients with focal pulmonary tumours who underwent preoperative computed tomographic (CT) and FDG- PET scanning were evaluated retrospectively. Thirty two patients had NSCLC and 14 patients had a benign process. The final diagnosis was established by means of histopathological examination at thoracotomy, and the nodal classification in patients with lung cancer was performed by thorough dissection of the mediastinal nodes at surgery. RESULTS: FDG-PET was 80% sensitive, 100% specific, and 87.5% accurate in staging thoracic lymph nodes in patients with NSCLC, whereas CT scanning was 50% sensitive, 75% specific, and 59.4% accurate. The absence of lymph node tumour involvement was identified by FDG-PET in all 12 patients with NO disease compared with nine by CT scanning. Lymph node metastases were correctly detected by FDG-PET in three of five patients with N1 disease compared with two by CT scanning, in nine of 11 with N2 disease compared with six by CT scanning, an in all four with N3 nodes compared with two by CT scanning. CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET provides a new and effective method for staging thoracic lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer and is superior to CT scanning in the assessment of hilar and mediastinal nodal metastases. With regard to resectability, FDG-PET could differentiate reliably between patients with N1/N2 disease and those with unresectable N3 disease.     

Evaluation of lymph node metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with positron emission tomography

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest positron emission tomography (PET) may improve staging accuracy of esophageal cancer compared with conventional methods, especially in detecting occult distant metastases. We evaluated the accuracy of PET in the detection of lymph node metastasis prospectively with pathologic findings. METHODS: Fifty-three patients with squamous cell carcinoma underwent whole-body PET scan and chest computed tomography (CT). The findings of PET and chest CT of 50 patients who underwent curative esophagectomy with radical lymph node dissection were compared with the pathologic findings. RESULTS: Among 53 primary esophageal tumors, PET detected 51 (96.2%) and CT detected 49 (92.5%) tumors correctly. Nodal metastases were present in 108 of 436 dissected lymph node groups. PET detected 56 metastatic node groups (51.9% sensitivity, 94.2% specificity, 83.7% accuracy), compared with CT, which detected 16 (14.8% sensitivity, 96.7% specificity, 76.6% accuracy; sensitivity: p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: PET was more sensitive than CT in the detection of nodal metastases and may improve staging of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.