DNA疫苗海藻酸钠微球的制备及体外释药

目的:研制DNA疫苗海藻酸钠微球,并对其体外释药特性进行考察.方法:以海藻酸钠为载体,采用W/O乳化-离子交联法制备DNA疫苗海藻酸钠微球;考察粒径大小、外观、载药量等理化特性;考察微球的体外释药特性及影响因素.结果:微球球形圆整,分散性好,平均粒径为(12.03±6.9) μm,载药量可达5%, 包封率为56.0%;微球的体外释放速率与载药量呈正相关,与壳聚糖的交联固化度呈负相关.结论:海藻酸钠可以作为DNA疫苗微球的可生物降解辅料;乳化离子交联法的制备工艺简便,有利于DNA疫苗结构和功能的稳定性;海藻酸钠微球是DNA疫苗的一种理想给药系统.     

正交设计优化川芎嗪乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物微球处方与制备工艺

目的 制备川芎嗪PLGA微球并考察其物理化学性质及体外释药性.方法 采用O/W型乳化-溶剂挥发法制备川芎嗪PLGA微球,正交试验设计优化处方组成和制备工艺,对微球的外观形态、粒径及粒度分布、包封率和载药量等理化性质进行了检测.结果 以优化处方制备的川芎嗪PLGA微球为圆球形,粒度分布较均匀,平均粒径为(10±2.2)μm,包封率为(81.36±1.15)%,载药量为(8.2±0.43)%,药物体外释放可延长至768h,释药特性符合Weibull方程,经差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析证明,形成了新的物相,表明载药微球确已形成.结论 采用O/W型乳化-溶剂挥发法制备的川芎嗪PLGA微球包封率和栽药量高,粒径均匀,具有明显的缓释作用.     

康普瑞丁磷酸二钠壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球的制备工艺研究

目的研制康普瑞丁磷酸二钠壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球,并对处方和工艺进行筛选。方法采用凝聚法制备康普瑞丁磷酸二钠壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球。通过正交试验获得设计和优化微球制备工艺。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了微球的载药量、包封产率和体外释放度。结果制备的微球显微观察形态圆整、表面光滑,无粘连,平均粒径为(10.21±0.16)μm,粒径在7～12μm平均数占总数的80.6%,平均载药量为(38.75±2.42)%,包封率为(89.73±3.15)%。结论采用本法制备的康普瑞丁磷酸二钠壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球粒径大小适宜,符合肺靶向要求,体外释放具有明显的缓释作用,适合制备成肺栓塞的制剂。     

壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的制备及其工艺优化

目的以壳聚糖(CS)为载体制备壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球(CS-SFGS-NPs),并考察其理化性质和体外释药性能。方法提取猪牙皂皂苷,利用紫外分光光度法测定皂苷含量。采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球,并以壳聚糖质量浓度、三聚磷酸钠(TPP)质量浓度、投料质量比为考察对象,以平均粒径、包封率为评价指标优化壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球处方;采用Malvern粒度仪测定壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的粒径分布和Zeta电位,透射电子显微镜考察其形态;以透析法考察壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的体外释药行为。结果壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的最优处方:壳聚糖质量浓度为2.0 mg/m L、三聚磷酸钠质量浓度为1.5 mg/m L、壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷投料比为4∶1;制备的壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的包封率为84.7%±3.6%、粒径为(182.6±35.4)nm、Zeta电位为(+23.1±4.6)mV;透射电镜结果显示所制备的壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球为类球形颗粒,大小分布较为均匀;壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球在0.5h内的释放量低于40%。结论通过对处方的优化,制备得到的壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球具有合适的粒径和包封率,并能达到缓释效果。     

可显影碘化油-氟尿嘧啶聚乳酸微球的研制

目的制备用于肝动脉栓塞的可显影碘化油-氟尿嘧啶(iodized oil-5-fluorouracil,iodized oil-5-Fu)聚乳酸(polylactide acid,PLA)微球。方法选择具有良好生物相容性及生物可降解性的聚乳酸为载体,加入阳性造影剂碘化油,采用复乳法制备可显影碘化油-氟尿嘧啶聚乳酸微球。以外观、粒径、载药量、包封率为考察指标,采用正交设计确定可显影碘化油-氟尿嘧啶聚乳酸微球的制备工艺。结果显微镜下微球球形圆整,粒径分布均匀,扫描电镜下微球表面有孔,平均粒径约100μm;载药量(10.78%±0.14%),包封率(63.34%±0.545%),微球显影效果好。结论以可生物降解的PLA材料可制备显影效果好的氟尿嘧啶微球,并且微球具有一定的缓释作用。     

三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及体外释放特性研究

目的制备三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球,并对其体外释药特性进行研究。方法采用乳化交联法制备三七总皂苷壳聚糖微球,以粒径分布、包封率、载药量及体外释药速度为评价指标,考察处方因素对壳聚糖微球的影响。并采用正交设计L9(34)对处方进行优化。结果微球的平均粒径为(4.2±0.3)μm,包封率为(28.58±2.76)%(n=3),载药量为(17.15±1.65)%(n=3)。结论通过优化处方和制备工艺,采用乳化交联法制备的三七总皂苷壳聚糖缓释微球,其体外释药具有明显的缓释作用且制备工艺简单。     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠布洛芬缓释微球的制备工艺及性能

目的 研究以壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为基质材料,制备布洛芬缓释微球. 方法 以微球的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标.利用复凝聚法,通过L16(45)正交实验得出微球的最佳制备工艺条件. 结果 壳聚糖浓度4.0 mg/mL,搅拌速度600 r/min,反应温度30℃,体系pH 4.5,交联剂戊二醛用量1.5 mL为最佳工艺.以最佳制备工艺条件制备的布洛芬缓释微球.粒径(31.6±1.7)μm,药物包封率(64.6±2.2)%. 结论 微球球形态及稳定性较好,有良好的缓释效果.     

阿霉素明胶微球的制备及体外释药特性

目的对阿霉素明胶微球(ADM-GMS)的制备工艺及体外释药特性进行研究.方法用乳化交联法制备阿霉素明胶微球,采用正交试验设计法考察影响制备工艺的各因素.用扫描电镜观察微球表面形态.并对阿霉素明胶微球的粒径大小及其分布、载药量、包封率、体外释药、稳定性等进行了测定.结果微球形态圆整,大小均匀、表面光滑,平均粒径为69.154μm,87.32%的微球粒径分布在50～120μm.微球平均载药量为2.13%,包封率为42.62%.微球体外降解和释药特性满足要求,且37℃下性质稳定.结论该制备工艺稳定,制得的阿霉素明胶微球有望成为临床用动脉栓塞术治疗癌症的新制剂.     

5-氟脲嘧啶壳聚糖微球的制备及体外释放特性

目的:以壳聚糖为载体材料,5-氟脲嘧啶为模型药物,制备鼻腔给药脑靶向微球并考察其体外释放.方法:采用乳化化学交联法制备氟脲嘧啶鼻用微球,正交实验设计中引入理想函数优化制备工艺,扫描电镜观察微球表面形态,动态透析法检测微球的体外释放特性及其影响因素.用微球吸水能力表示微球的溶胀度.结果:所得微球形态良好,粒径分布窄,平均粒径为43.20±4.17 μm,载药量为(38.48±1.03)%,包封率为(78.96±1.77)%.体外释放符合Higuichi方程Q=0.1035t1/2 0.0284,r=0.9965.体外释放初始阶段释药快,遵守溶胀控制机理,释放后期释药减慢,遵守扩散控制机理.结论:所优化的制备工艺稳定,包封率较高,适于鼻粘膜用氟脲嘧啶壳聚糖微球的制备.     

肺靶向阿霉素微球的制备及其特性研究

目的制备肺靶向阿霉素明胶微球(ADM-GMS)并考察其特性。方法采用天然可生物降解的明胶为载体材料,液体石蜡为油相,乳化化学交联法制备阿霉素明胶微球。结果微球形态圆整,平均粒径10.8μm,5-15μm的微球占总数的85.5%,载药量为4.05%,包封率为42.3%,体外释药具有缓释特征,(25±2)℃、RH=60%条件下放置6个月,其稳定性良好。结论微球的粒径、形态、堆密度、流动性、载药量和包封率、体外释药性能及稳定性等基本符合肺部靶向的要求。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.