舌骨悬吊联合悬雍垂腭咽成型术治疗重症阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的：探讨舌骨悬吊联合腭咽成型手术治疗重症睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的手术方法和效果。方法：对22例符合重症阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征标准的患者进行了改良的舌骨悬吊联合腭咽成型手术,并对所有的患者进行了随访,对17例患者进行了手术前后的舌咽平面间隙的测量和睡眠呼吸监测。结果：随访结果显示,17例术后6、12个月两项睡眠监测指标均较术前有明显改变（P＜0.01）,舌-咽距离由术前5.00～9.00?mm（平均为7.06?mm）,增加到术后的9.00～13.00?mm（平均为11.00?mm）。打鼾症状明显减轻或消失,呼吸暂停次数明显减少,白天嗜睡消失或基本消失,精力充沛。根据杭州疗效评定标准,术后6个月及1年的有效率均为100%,但治愈率和显效率有所变化。结论：改良的舌骨悬吊联合腭咽成型手术简单,时间短,花费少,效果好,值得临床推广。     

同期鼻腔手术+悬雍垂腭咽成型术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的 探讨同期鼻腔手术+悬雍垂腭咽成型术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效情况。方法 对40例伴有鼻阻塞的OSAHS患者分A、B两组,Ａ组行鼻腔手术+悬雍垂腭咽成型术(UPPP),Ｂ组行悬雍垂腭咽成型术,术后6个月复查睡眠监测,比较术前术后呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)。结果 Ａ、Ｂ两组OSAHS患者术后AHI平均值均降低,Ａ组有效率较Ｂ组高。结论 同期鼻腔手术+悬雍垂腭咽成型术治疗鼻腔、咽腔双平面阻塞的OSAHS患者效果可靠,值得推广。     

Repose舌骨舌根悬吊联合腭咽成形术治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的探讨Repose舌骨舌根悬吊术联合腭咽成形术(UPPP)治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效。方法对28例重度OSAHS患者经鼻咽通气管、上气道CT、头颅定位侧位片、电子鼻咽喉镜结合Muller试验确定存在腭咽及舌咽平面阻塞。行R e p o s e系统舌骨和(或)舌根悬吊术+U P P P。结果术后随访6～12个月,复查上气道CT、多道睡眠图(PSG)监测,手术前后呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)及最低动脉血氧饱和度(lowest arterial oxygen saturation,LSaO2)的变化均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。AHI从术前(56.32±15.70)次/h下降至术后(18.67±8.56)次/h,LSaO2从术前(56.37±4.35)%上升至术后(86.03±11.24)%。按杭州会议标准,治愈6例,显效18例,无效4例,总有效率为85.7%。术后除1例发生大出血外,未见其他严重并发症。结论同时存在腭咽及舌咽平面阻塞的重度OSAHS患者,Repose系统舌骨和(或)舌根悬吊术联合UPPP是目前一种有效的外科手术方案。     

Repose系统舌骨悬吊结合悬雍垂腭咽成形术手术治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征近期疗效观察

目的:探讨Repose系统舌骨悬吊术联合悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的近期疗效。方法:12例重度OSAHS患者,经电子鼻咽喉镜检查结合Muiller试验检查确定存在腭咽及舌咽平面阻塞。然后先行Repose系统舌骨悬吊术,术后平均3 d行UPPP。结果:术后随访3个月,PSG复查,手术前后AHI及LSO2的变化均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。呼吸紊乱指数从69.28±6.50下降至19.77±9.23,LSaO2从(65.25±3.14)%上升至(90.17±2.86)%。手术未见严重并发症。结论:分期Repose系统舌骨悬吊术联合UPPP手术近期疗效是目前治疗腭咽及舌咽平面阻塞的重度OSAHS患者的一种有效的手术方案。     

舌骨甲状软骨悬吊联合悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的 探讨舌骨甲状软骨悬吊联合悬雍垂腭咽成形术(uvulopalatopharyngoplasty,UPPP)治疗重症阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)的手术方法和效果.方法 对69例有舌咽平面和腭咽平面狭窄的重症OSAHS患者[呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hyponea index,AHI)＞30次/h]进行了舌骨甲状软骨悬吊联合悬雍垂腭咽成形术.61例完成术后6个月随访,48例完成术后12个月随访.比较手术前后睡眠呼吸监测结果和Epworth嗜睡量表评分.结果 69例患者手术后打鼾症状减轻或消失.术后6个月18例纤维喉镜观察发现,12例患者的腭咽平面和舌咽平面狭窄减轻,6例没有明显变化,但没有舌根后坠.1年后14例纤维喉镜观察未发现狭窄加重者.以AHI降低幅度≥50%为治疗有效的评定标准,术后6个月和12个月随访,有效率分别为78.7%(48/61)和75.0%(36/48);患者AHI平均值由44.8次/h降至15.1次/h和17.2次/h,最低动脉血氧饱和度平均值由0.512升至0.880和0.730,配对t检验,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01);Epworth嗜睡量表评分平均值分别为6.7和7.2分,均较术前的16.6分明显降低(P值均＜0.01).结论 舌骨甲状软骨悬吊联合悬雍垂腭咽成形术方法简单,时间短,花费少,手术效果满意,适用于腭咽平面和舌咽平面狭窄的OSAHS患者的治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the methodology and therapeutic effect of hyoid suspension in association with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty ( UPPP) in the treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods Sixty-nine patients with severe OSAHS( apnea hyponea index,AHI ＞ 30) were treated with hyoid suspension and UPPP.Sixty-one patients were followed for 6 months (48 of them for 12 months).Polysomnogram (PSG) tests were performed and an Epworth sleepiness scale ( ESS) was recorded preoperatively and postoperatively in these patients.Results After the surgery,the snoring of the patients disappeared or was alleviated to varing degrees.Eighteen patients underwent fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopic examination.Twelve of them showed palatopharyngeal and glossopharyngeal stenosis was improved 6 months after surgery.Six patients showed no change,but had no glossoptosis.Fourteen patients underwent fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscopic examination 1 year after surgery,with no recurrence of the stenosis being found.A decrease of 50% in the AHI was considered effective,and in patients the effective rate was 78.7% (48/61 ) 6 months after the operation and 75.0% (36/48) 1 year after the operation.The average AHI decreased from 44.8 to 15.1 and 17.2,and the minimum arterial oxygen saturation average increased from 0.512 to 0.880 and 0.730.Matching t tests were utilized and the results of follow-up indicated that there was a significant improvement in the indexes in those cases which could be followed up ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The average of the ESS was 6.7 six months after operation and 7.2 one year after operation,with a significant decrease compared to the preoperative ( 16.6) data (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Modified hyoid suspension in association with UPPP has the advantage of a simple operation,short hospitalization and less expense,and the effect of the operation was significant.Patients with palatopharyngeal and glossopharyngeal stenosis should be chosen for this operation.     

悬雍垂腭咽成形颏舌肌前移舌骨悬吊术治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征

采用悬雍垂腭咽成形、颏舌肌前移、百骨悬吊联合手术，治疗咽帆间隙气管狭窄伴舌骨下降、舌根后坠咽后间隙气管狭窄致重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征2例。术后观察入睡时鼾声较小，无呼吸暂停，血氧饱和度90％以上。经4个月～1年观察疗效好，能从事正常工作、学习、生活。文中介绍了手术方法，并就其有关问题进行讨论。     

同期悬雍垂腭咽成形术联合颏前移舌骨悬吊术治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的:探讨同期悬雍垂腭咽成形术(UPPP)联合颏前移舌骨悬吊术(GAHM)治疗重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效。方法:18例重度OSAHS患者,经电子鼻咽喉镜检查结合M櫣ller试验、头影测量分析及上气道CT检查确定存在腭咽及舌咽平面阻塞。均于术前先行经鼻持续正压通气治疗5～7d,然后同期行UPPP联合GAHM手术。采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验分析手术前后各相关参数的变化。结果:术后随访6～24个月,除体质指数外,手术前后各相关测量值的变化均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。呼吸紊乱指数从63.83±16.34下降到21.43±20.34,LSaO2从(72.44±7.07)%上升至(81.33±13.32)%。按杭州会议标准,治愈1例,显效11例,有效3例,无效3例,总有效率为83.33%。未发生下前牙根尖损伤及下颌骨骨折等严重并发症。结论:UPPP联合GAHM是目前治疗腭咽及舌咽平面阻塞的重度OSAHS患者的一种有效的手术方案。     

颏舌肌前移舌骨悬吊联合悬雍垂腭咽成形术的初步应用

目的 探讨不使用环钻行颏舌肌前移舌骨悬吊术联合悬雍垂腭咽成形术(UPPP)治疗重度阻寒性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的可行性及疗效.方法 2006年6月至2008年1月26例伴舌根肥厚、舌后间隙狭窄的中重度OSAHS患者接受本研究.按呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为中度(12例)和重度(14例)2组;根据Friedman分型,Ⅱ型18例,Ⅲ型8例.电子鼻咽喉镜检查及Muller试验检杳腭咽及舌咽狭窄.先行UPPP,同时一期采用线锯、胸科电锯、耳科电钻等非环钻技术行颏舌肌前移及舌骨悬吊术.结果 手术时间120～180 min,颏舌肌前移手术出血50～100 ml.术中和术后未出现严重并发症.术后1年随访,14例重度OSAHS患者AHI由术前的(42.9±6.6)次/h(x±s,下同)下降至(16.2±5.7)次/h,其中11例患者AHI下降大于等于50%,有效率71.4%.12例中度OSAHS患者AHI由术前的(21.3±4.4)次/h下降至(11.3±5.2)次/h,其中10例患者AHI下降大于等于50%,有效率83.3%.中、重度OSAHS患者术后AHI较术前均明显下降,而中度的有效率明显优于重度患者,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).结论 不使用环钻也可行颏舌肌前移舌骨悬吊术,联合UPPP治疗伴舌根肥厚、舌后间隙狭窄的中、重度OSAHS,手术创伤小,操作容易,不需要特殊器械,治疗效果好.     

硬腭缩短—悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗重度OSAS

报告行硬腭缩短－悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者１２例。经随访１－３年，术后ＯＳＡＳ症状均完全消失。呼吸暂停指数从６９．６％降至０；最低知氧饱和率从４７．８５升至８９．７％，ＯＳＡＳ已基本治愈。并对本手术的适应证及并发症等进行讨论。     

软腭平面手术联合舌骨悬吊术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征效果的Meta分析

目的 系统评价软腭平面手术联合舌骨悬吊术治疗伴有舌平面阻塞的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征( OSAS )患者的疗效。 方法 采用计算机检索维普、中国知网和Pubmed数据库,按纳入与排除标准选择文献,根据MINORS评价条目评价文献质量,最后提取数据进行定性描述,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入13项研究,共310例患者。病情均为中至重度,随访时间均≥3个月。所选取病例11项为自身前后对照病例,2项为随机对照研究。按照MINORS评价条目评分,2项为低质量研究(总分0~12分),2项为高质量研究(总分19~24分),余下9项为中质量研究(总分13~18分)。11项研究分析了术后呼吸暂停指数(AHI)变化,漏斗图示2项研究位于漏斗底部、不对称,提示存在发表偏倚。2项研究分析了呼吸紊乱指数(RDI)变化。13项研究分析了最低动脉血氧饱和度(LSaO₂),漏斗图示4篇文献位于漏斗底部、不对称,提示存在发表偏倚。术后AHI、RDI、LSaO₂均较术前改善,AHI 总效应量为45.61,95% CI( 42.48,48.73),P<0.001;RDI总效应量为35.26, 95% CI( 22.47,48.04),P<0.001;LSaO₂总效应量为-20.16,95% CI(-24.99,-15.33),P<0.001。Meta分析异质性较高,依次逐个剔除纳入研究进行敏感性分析时,剔除林凌等研究后异质性降低,其他文献则无实质性改变。 结论 软腭平面手术联合舌骨悬吊术治疗OSAS的研究多为自身前后对照病例,样本量少,质量中等居多;软腭平面手术联合舌骨悬吊术可显著降低伴有舌平面阻塞的OSAS患者的AHI、RDI及提高LSaO₂,但需更多证据证实手术效果。     

舌骨位置与舌后气道最小截面积及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征严重程度的相关性分析

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者舌骨位置与舌后气道最小截面积及疾病严重程度的相关性。方法 经多道睡眠监测(Polysomnography, PSG)确诊的成人OSAHS患者57例,以呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)作为病情严重程度的指标。取仰卧、法兰克福平面(FH)垂直于地面体位,平静呼吸时行上气道64排CT扫描。应用计算机三维重建技术,重建矢状位及横断位图像。通过矢状位图像,测量舌骨与下颌平面的夹角α,并以其作为反映舌骨上下位置的指标;测量舌骨与下颌骨前后距离的比值R,并以其作为反映舌骨前后位置的指标。通过横断位图像,测量舌后气道截面积s。应用统计分析软件将代表舌骨位置的指标α、R与舌后气道最小截面积s以及AHI等指标分别进行相关性分析。结果 57例中,舌骨下颌平面夹角α与AHI呈正相关（R=0.305,P=0.021）;舌骨与下颌骨前后距离比值R与AHI无相关。反映舌骨位置的指标α、R均与舌后气道截面积s无相关。结论 随着OSAHS患者病情的加重,舌骨位置表现为下移的趋势。OSAHS患者口底区域的脂肪等软组织的堆积挤压、颏舌肌等舌骨相关肌肉的功能减退为舌骨位置下移的可能原因。但是,在自然状态下,OSAHS患者舌骨位置的改变,并不会导致舌后气道截面积的改变。     

Association between the intensity of obstructive sleep apnea and skeletal alterations in the face and hyoid bone

IntroductionThe association between the intensity of obstructive sleep apnea and skeletal alterations in the face and hyoid bone is still scarcely addressed in the literature.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the intensity of obstructive sleep apnea is associated with craniofacial alterations and the position of the hyoid bone in children with mixed dentition.Methods76 children aged 7 to 10 years old were examined by otorhinolaryngological evaluation, polysomnography, and orthodontic assessment, including cephalometry. The participants were divided in 3 groups: primary snoring, mild obstructive sleep apnea and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. Cephalometric measures of the face and hyoid bone were assessed. These measures were compared among the different groups by unpaired Student's t test. Moreover, these measures were correlated with the patient's obstructive apnea and hypopnea index variable using Pearson's correlation test.ResultsOf the 76 children, 14 belonged to group 1, with primary snoring; 46 to group 2, with mild obstructive sleep apnea; and 16 to group 3, with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea. There was no difference between the groups regarding the craniofacial variables. Children with obstructive sleep apnea showed a longer distance from the hyoid bone to the mandibular plane when compared to the primary snoring group (p < 0.05). Between the two obstructive sleep apnea subgroups, patients with moderate or severe disease showed significantly shorter horizontal distance between the hyoid bone and the posterior pharyngeal wall (p < 0.05), when compared to the groups with mild obstructive sleep apnea. We also observed a significant positive correlation between obstructive apnea and hypopnea index and the distance from the hyoid to the mandibular plane (p < 0.05) as well as a significant negative association between obstructive apnea and hypopnea index and the horizontal distance from the hyoid to the posterior pharyngeal wall (p < 0.01).ConclusionWe did not observe any association between obstructive sleep apnea and linear lateral alterations of the face. In contrast, there is a direct association between obstructive sleep apnea severity and the inferior and posterior position of the hyoid bone in children aged 7 to 10 years old.     

舌骨悬吊联合腭咽成形术前后舌咽平面X线头影测量

目的探讨应用X线测量舌骨悬吊联合腭咽成形术前后舌咽平面后气道间隙的变化,为治疗舌咽平面狭窄提供形态学依据。方法对30例经多导睡眠监测系统（polysomnography,PSG）、Müller′s试验确定的舌咽平面和腭咽平面狭窄的中、重度OSAHS患者,同期行舌骨悬吊术联合腭咽成形术。术后随访,应用PSG及X线头影测量分析治疗效果。结果术后随访1年,呼吸紊乱指数从（63.00±11.23）下降到（19.00±4.52）,参照杭州会议OSAHS疗效评定标准, 治愈12例(40.00%),显效10例(33.33%),有效3例(10.00%),无效5例 (16.67%),总有效率83.33%。X线头影测量分析示舌骨向前上移位,后气道间隙扩大。结论舌骨悬吊术可通过向前上牵拉舌骨,扩大舌咽平面后气道间隙,达到治疗舌咽平面狭窄的部分OSAHS患者。     

舌骨悬吊手术的并发症

目的探讨对重度阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者行悬雍垂腭咽成形术（UPPP）联合舌骨悬吊术时引起的并发症。方法对重度OSAHS患者行UPPP联合舌骨悬吊术109例,每例患者术前均行清醒状态纤维喉镜下Muller检查、上气道的X线片或上气道CT测量,术前确定阻塞平面为腭-咽及舌-咽平面,但以舌-咽平面为主,均行UPPP联合舌骨悬吊术,术后均于ICU保留气管插管监护1～2d。结果1例患者术中下颌骨下缘打孔过于偏下,穿线打结后丝线将下颌骨打孔处下缘撕裂;6例患者术后颈部切口出现脂肪液化;3例患者颏部切口反复红肿,考虑缝线局部刺激;2例患者术后出现颈部切口出血。所有患者在开始进食时有咽部、舌部不适,手术2～4d后舌体运动略有受限,一般在5～7d后舌体运动感觉正常。结论舌骨悬吊术的并发症较少,解除重度OSAHS患者的舌-咽平面的狭窄不失为一种简单、安全、有效的方法。     

Hyoid myotomy and suspension without simultaneous palate or tongue base surgery for obstructive sleep apnea

ObjectiveDetermine the effects of hyoid myotomy and suspension (HMS) without concurrent palatal or tongue base sleep surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).MethodPatients with OSA treated with HMS were identified using CPT code (21685) at an academic and private sleep surgery clinic. Those who underwent concurrent palatal or tongue base sleep surgery were excluded. Outcomes included simultaneous procedures, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation (LSAT), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).ResultsNineteen patients with OSA underwent HMS without palatal or tongue base sleep surgery. The average age at surgery was (55.3 ± 13.5) years with a majority of patients being male (71%). Concurrent procedures included the following: torus mandibularis excision (n = 1), endoscopic sinus surgery (n = 4), septoplasty (n = 10), inferior turbinate reduction (n = 12), and nasal valve repair (n = 2). AHI improved significantly from (39.7 ± 21.2) events/h to (22.6 ± 22.7) events/h after HMS (P < 0.01), which represented a 43% reduction. LSAT significantly increased from (82.2% ± 9.9%) to (86.6% ± 6.2%), P < 0.01. There was no improvement in ESS after surgery (8.2 ± 4.4) to (8.3 ± 5.2), P = 0.904. A subset of patients with severe OSA (AHI > 30 events/h) had an improvement in AHI from (49.9 ± 16.6) events/h to (29.1 ± 24.9) events/h, P < 0.01.ConclusionHMS without palatal or tongue base sleep surgery improves OSA severity. It can be considered as a valid option in the treatment of OSA in appropriately-selected patients.