随机分配方案的隐藏

随机分配是保证组间基线可比和避免选择性偏倚的最好方法.随机分配的成功实施取决于相互关联的两个过程.一是采用随机的方法产生不可预测的随机分配序列,二是必须采用分配方案隐藏的方法严格执行随机分配序列,以防止选择和分配受试对象入组的研究人员预先知道随后的分配情况.随机分配方案隐藏不完善会改变和破坏预先制订的不可预测的分配序列.     

Cochrane系统评价摘要报道

Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ系统评价摘要来自１９９７年第四期Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ图书馆。文中的观点仅代表评价者本人,而不一定代表Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ协作网、用户网络或澳大利亚Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ中心。摘要由ＨｉｌｄａＢａｓｔｉａｎ与评价者商讨后为用户网络起草。若需了解更多有...     

通心络胶囊治疗不稳定性心绞痛的Cochrane系统评价的研究方案

背景：通心络胶囊由5种虫类中药组成，主要用于心脑血管疾病。它于2000年获得国家科技进步二等奖，并被列入国家中药基本药物。目的：评价通心络胶囊治疗不稳定心绞痛的疗效和可能的副效。检索策略：电子检索The Cochrane Heart Review Group specialised trials register,The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register,published in the latest issue of the Cochrane Library,MEDLINE,EMBASE,CBM,Chinese Cochrane Centre Controlled Trials Register,Current Controlled Trials(www.controlled-trials.com),The National Research Register。手检：我国83种中医药杂志。资料纳入标准：使用通心络胶囊治疗不稳定性心绞痛的随机和半随机对照试验。结果测量指标为因急性心肌梗死所致的死亡、心绞痛的严重程度、急性心绞痛发作次数、心电图改善程度、硝酸甘油用量和症状改善，等等。资料分析：对符合纳入标准的随机对照试验进行内部真实性评价，如果所有纳入的随机对照试验有足够的质量和相似性，则采用Meta分析。     

Cochrane系统评价摘要报道(四)

Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ系统评价摘要来自1997年第四期Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ图书馆。文中的观点仅代表评价者本人,而不一定代表Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ协作网、用户网络或澳大利亚Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ中心。摘要由ＨｉｌｄａＢａｓｔｉａｎ与评价者商讨后为用户网络起草。若需了解更多有关信息,请查询Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ图书馆和您所在地区的Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ中心,或直接与以下地址进行联系:ＴｈｅＡｕｓｔｒａｌａｓｉａｎＣｏｃｈｒａｎｅＣｅｎｔｅｒＦｌｉｎｄｅｒｓＭｅｄｉｃａｌＣｅｎｔｅｒＢｅｄｆｏｒｄＰａｒｋＳＡ5042,ＡｕｓｔｒａｌｉａＥｍａｉｌ:…     

Cochrane系统评价摘要报道(五)

Ｃｏｃｈａｎｅ系统评价摘要来自1997年第四期Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ图书馆。文中的观点仅代表评价者本人,而不一定代表Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ协作网、用户网络或澳大利亚Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ中心。摘要由ＨｉｌｄａＢａｓｔｉａｎ与评价者商讨后为用户网络起草。若需了解更多有关信息,请查询Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ图书馆和您所在地区的Ｃｏｃｈｒａｎｅ中心,或直接与以下地址进行联系:ＴｈｅＡｕｓｔｒａｌａｓｉａｎＣｏｃｈｒａｎｅＣｅｎｔｅｒＦｌｉｎｄｅｒｓＭｅｄｉｃａｌＣｅｎｔｅｒＢｅｄｆｏｒｄＰａｒｋＳＡ5042,ＡｕｓｔｒａｌｉａＥｍａｉｌ:ｃ…     

Cochrane系统评价摘要报道(六)

Cochrane系统评价摘要来自1997年第四期Cochrane图书馆.文中的观点仅代表评价者本人,而不一定代表Cochrane协作网、用户网络或澳大利亚Cochrane中心.摘要由Hilda Bastian与评价者商讨后为用户网络起草.若需了解更多有关信息,请查询Cochrane图书馆和您所在地区的Cochrane中心,或直接与以下地址进行联系:     

Cochrane系统评价发表状况调查

目的通过统计我国作者Cochrane系统评价（CSR）的发表状况。方法以Cochrane图书馆（2009年1期）发表的系统评价全文和计划书及Cochrane协作网（2009年3月）注册的题目为数据基础,统计分析不同国家发表系统评价全文、计划书和注册题目情况及我国系统评价全文和计划书发表时间、地区和专业分布情况。结果我国发表Cochrane系统评价全文、计划书和注册题目分别位居世界第7、第5和第2位。我国发表的Cochrane系统评价全文和计划书呈逐年稳步增长趋势,但作者地区间发展不平衡。我国涉及Cochrane协作网51个协作组中的47,未涉及的4个组包括有效实践和健康保健组、用户与交流组、方法学评价组和多发性硬化组。结论中国循证医学发展迅速,在CSR制作中具有很大的潜力,然而,尚存在一些问题亟待解决。     

Cochrane系统评价数据库收录针灸文献分析

目的分析Cochrane系统评价数据库（CDSR）收录的针灸文献资源。方法通过计算机检索2008年CDSR收录的针灸文献,根据纳入与排除标准选择文献,并按照时间、生产者、研究内容和研究结论四方面进行归纳分析。结果共检索到82篇文献,经逐篇查阅,最终纳入针灸相关的系统评价67篇。在CDSR中,国内外针灸文献数量整体呈现逐年增长趋势,国内增长幅度较国外大。针灸治疗疾病谱日益广泛,但以神经系统疾病和疼痛类疾病居多;31篇全文中,有确切证据支持针灸治疗有效的文献8篇（占25．8％）,当前证据尚不行能充分确定针灸疗效的文献22篇（占71．O％）,仅1篇为当前证据不支持针灸治疗有效。     

正畸学的Cochrane系统评价证据

为了解口腔正畸学中的循证医学证据,我们检索了Cochrane图书馆2005年第4期,并对临床常见问题的系统评价进行了总结。结果显示,氟化物可降低白垩色斑损的发生率和严重度;去除乳牙早接触可预防后牙反;扩弓可降低后牙反发生率;加用嵴上纤维环切术可增加保持效果;Hawley保持器比透明保持器可更快稳定前牙;关于托槽粘接剂的效果尚无肯定结论。     

Cochrane系统评价在中国的现状与问题

本文主要报告Cochrane系统评价(CSR)在中国的发展。截至2005年12底,中国通讯作者已在Co-chrane图书馆发表CSR全文28篇,占国际CSR的1.1%,被SCI收录10篇。文内还对通讯作者群的地区分布以及制作CSR存在的困难进行了讨论,为推动CSR在中国的进一步发展提供思路。     

Cochrane reviews of educational and self-management interventions to guide nursing practice: A review

Background

The burden of chronic disease on healthcare services worldwide is growing and the increased development of educational interventions which help patients to better manage their own conditions is evident internationally.

Objectives

This paper reports on findings of a review of Cochrane systematic reviews of interventions designed to improve patients’ knowledge and skills to manage chronic disease, with particular reference to nursing contribution and practice.

Methods

Thirty Cochrane systematic reviews were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and summarised.

Findings

The majority of reviews included in this paper were judged by Cochrane reviewers to provide inadequate evidence (n = 18, 60%) of the effectiveness of the interventions reviewed. Information on the professional delivering the interventions was often not available, although 77% (23) of reviews mentioned that nurses were involved in a proportion of studies.

Conclusion

Educational programmes have definite benefits for patients suffering from asthma and are promising for interventions in areas such as diabetes mellitus, epilepsy and mental health. However, it still is not clear what the active ingredients of many successful interventions are.     

非随机对照试验和诊断性试验准确度系统评价的新挑战

IntroductionWhen assessing the effects of healthcare interventions, good quality research needs to minimise the impact of systematic biases and chance. Systematic reviews help with this by bringing together relevant evidence, appraising and summarising it. They should be conducted before any new research is done[1] and should be included in the discussion of the eventual findings of that research[2]. Unfortunately, many researchers do not do this. This essay discusses some of the challenges f…     

Identifying the Fundamentals of Care within Cochrane Systematic reviews: The role of the Cochrane Nursing Care Field Fundamentals of Care Node

The role of the Fundamentals of Care (FoC) Node within the Cochrane Nursing Care Field (CNCF) is to identify universal aspects of patient care as they relate to and potentially affect the application of the results of systematic reviews. The CNCF was established to provide a nursing perspective of Cochrane reviews and to promote their dissemination and uptake. The core functions of the CNCF include identifying topics for nursing care not currently addressed by Cochrane Reviews, raising awareness of the Cochrane Collaboration and the resources it has that supports the delivery of nursing care and the dissemination of relevant reviews to the nursing care community. We outline how volunteers with an interest in the FoC can work to identify care‐related aspects for specific clinical reviews. This article describes the development of a tool designed to guide the review of a Cochrane Systematic Review from the vantage of the FoC. The FoC Node is seeking volunteers to undertake this review work, and we have outlined the steps used to do this. We also show how using the FoC Template can inform the tagging and classifying of existing reviews within the Cochrane library.     

隐蔽分组(分配隐藏)和盲法的概念、实施与报告

“分配隐藏”很容易被误解而被广大临床试验实施者和论文作者所忽略,尤其是常将“分配隐藏”与盲法混淆。分配隐藏实质是产生随机序列者和决定分配序别者不能参与纳入受试者,也不宜参与以后的试验过程,尤其不能参与结果的测量。本文通过实例介绍了正确的分配隐藏和盲法实施过程。最后,还举例介绍了论文写作中方法学的描述。