298例泪腺上皮性肿瘤临床特征及组织病理学分析

目的探讨泪腺上皮性肿瘤的临床特征与组织病理学类型之间的关系，旨在为临床提供较为可靠的诊断依据。方法回顾总结北京同仁医院眼病理室44年间（1961年～2005年1月）存档的298例泪腺上皮性肿瘤的临床及病理资料，进行统计学分析。结果298例肿瘤中，最常见的为泪腺多形性腺瘤，其它依次为腺样囊腺癌，腺癌，多形性腺癌及其它泪腺少见肿瘤。对不同类型肿瘤发病年龄、性别及眼别进行比较，差异均无显著性意义。对其发病时间进行比较，差异具有显著性意义。结论根据病史、临床表现、影像学检查，可对多数病例做出初步诊断，有助于临床医生正确选择治疗方案。     

Epithelial lacrimal gland tumors: A comprehensive clinicopathologic review of 26 lesions with radiologic correlation

Aim

To study the prevalence, clinicopathological and radiological correlations of epithelial lacrimal gland tumors and compare these with similar published literature. The study was also designed to look at the natural history of benign mixed tumors (BMT) in regard to recurrence and malignant degeneration.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of all suspected epithelial tumors of the lacrimal gland surgically excised at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) for the period: 1983–2008. Exclusion criteria included structural lesions (dacryops) and inflammatory lesions. We included 26 cases of epithelial lacrimal gland tumors (from 24 patients). The histopathologic slides and the radiologic findings were reviewed. The corresponding demographic and clinical data were obtained by chart review using a data sheet.

Results

BMT accounted for 12/26 of the lesions while malignant lesions including adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) were more common (14/26). The mean age was 44.27 years (range 12–75). Commonest clinical presentation was proptosis. Median duration of symptoms in the BMT cases was 30 months and 7 months in the ACC group. The 12 BMT cases were primary in 9 and recurrent in 3 patients. The 11 ACC cases showed mostly cribriform pattern and low histopathologic grade. We had 2 cases of malignant mixed tumor (MMT) one of which arising in a recurrent tumor. One case of primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma with histopathologic grade 2 was noted. Radiologically, a well-defined appearance with bone remodeling was observed in BMT in contrast to invasive appearance with destruction in malignant lesions.

Conclusion

Our series information indicated a different distribution of benign and malignant epithelial lesions with a slightly higher rate of malignancy. BMT was the commonest benign tumor where recurrence was a squeal of incomplete surgical excision. ACC was the commonest malignant tumor with shorter duration of symptoms and radiologic evidence of invasiveness that correlated with the histopathologic features.     

The role of biopsy in lacrimal gland inflammation: A clinicopathologic study

Purpose: To determine the causes of lacrimal gland inflammation based on histopathology and systemic evaluation.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series study. From the University of British Columbia Orbit Clinic between January 1976 and December 2008, we reviewed the medical records of 60 patients who presented with inflammatory features of the lacrimal gland (i.e., erythema, edema, or tenderness) in which the diagnoses were not possible clinically and on imaging alone. As was our routine practice, all these patients underwent lacrimal gland biopsy before starting any treatment.

Results: The histopathologic findings of the 60 patients showed that 37 (61.7%) had identifiable types of lacrimal inflammation including 10 with Sjogren’s syndrome, seven with sarcoidal reaction, six with feature of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis), five with lymphoma, two with sclerosing inflammation, two with IgG4-related dacryoadenitis, and one patient each with infectious dacryoadenitis, myoepithelial carcinoma, xanthogranuloma, eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis, and eosinophilic allergic granulomatous nodule. The histopathologic findings of the remaining 23 (38.3%) patients showed nonspecific inflammation of the lacrimal gland. 23 patients (38.3%) had associated systemic diseases. 48 patients (80%) were treated successfully and 10 (16.7%) had recurrence of inflammation.

Conclusions: We recommend that in patients presenting with lacrimal gland inflammation (i.e., erythema, edema, tenderness) in which the specific diagnosis cannot be made clinically and on imaging, biopsy is warranted for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. We found that the majority of these patients (61.7%) had specific histopathology, and 38% had systemic diseases.     

A clinicopathologic study of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland

A retrospective study of 26 patients with the diagnosis of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland was performed with use of randomly selected tissue from each tumor. An attempt was made to determine any associations among clinical presentation, survival, and tumor histologic patterns. We found that lower tumor grades were associated with a predominantly Swiss-cheese (cribriform) pattern. Both lower tumor grade and Swiss-cheese pattern were associated with longer survival. The basaloid (solid) pattern or bone invasion was not associated with a shorter survival. Between men and women, there were no differences in clinical presentation, histologic patterns, or survival. Survival was not affected by surgical or radiation therapy.     

Prognostic factors for lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma: a retrospective study in Chinese patients

AIM: To explore the prognostic factors for lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (LGACC) in Chinese patients. METHODS: Clinical and histopathological data were reviewed in patients with pathologically confirmed LGACC. Local recurrence, metastasis, and disease-specific death were the main outcome measures. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: This retrospective cohort study included 45 patients with pathologically confirmed LGACC between January 2008 and June 2022. Tumor (T) classification (P=0.005), nodal metastasis (N) classification (P=0.018) and positive margin (P=0.008) were independent risk factors of recurrence; T (P=0.013) and N (P=0.003) classification and the basaloid tumor type (P=0.032) were independent risk factors for metastasis; T classification (P<0.001) was an independent factor of death of disease. In the further analysis, the durations from first surgery to radiotherapy is correlated with metastatic risk in LGACC patients with basaloid component (P=0.022). CONCLUSION: Histological subtype should be emphasized when evaluating prognosis and guiding treatment. Timely radiotherapy may reduce the risk of metastasis in patients with basaloid component.     

良恶性泪腺多形性腺瘤电镜观察

目的:为进一步探讨泪腺上皮性肿瘤术后易复发、预后差的形态学发生机理.方法:应用JEM-100CX型投射电镜及光镜观察12例良恶性泪腺上皮性肿瘤的细胞超微结构和异质性及电镜下侵犯包膜的不同方式.结果:(1)良性多形性腺瘤细胞间存在着桥粒、连接复合体等,符合上皮来源.(2)恶性肿瘤细胞胞浆中含有较多的溶酶体、微丝并伸出细长伪足向周围组织及包膜浸润,有较强侵袭力.(3)良性多形性腺瘤伴包膜浸润时伸出钝而圆的伪足且溶酶体比周围组织明显增多.结论:上述肿瘤细胞超微形态结构变化可能与此类肿瘤易复发、预后差的临床生物学行为有关;利用光镜结合电镜观察对良性多形性腺瘤的预后监测有重要意义,当发现包膜浸润时临床应密切随访.     

眶内泪腺良性肿瘤的CT诊断临床研究

目的:探讨CT对泪腺良性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析30例经病理证实良性泪腺肿瘤临床资料和CT影像资料。结果:泪腺良性肿瘤患者30例中26例位于泪腺眶部,泪腺睑部4例。肿瘤椭圆形18例,不规则形4例,边缘不规则呈现分叶状或结节状8例。CT表现大多数为密度均匀,眼眶皮质受压,凹陷18例,骨皮质破坏伴硬化肥厚12例。结论:泪腺良性肿瘤CT有一定特征,诊断准确率高。     

Epithelial tumours of the lacrimal gland: a clinical,histopathological, surgical and oncological survey

Epithelial tumours of the lacrimal gland represent a large spectrum of lesions with similarities in clinical signs and symptoms but with different biological behaviour and prognosis. They are rare, but with aggressive malignant potential. Tumours of the lacrimal gland may present with swelling of the lacrimal gland, displacement of the eyeball, reduced eye motility and diplopia. Pain and symptoms of short duration before the first ophthalmic consultation are characteristic of malignant tumours. The histological diagnosis determines the subsequent treatment regimen and provides important clues regarding the prognosis. The purpose of this paper is to describe the various primary epithelial tumours of the lacrimal gland. In the first part of the review, the frequency, demographics, clinical presentation and diagnostic features are described. In the second part, primarily tumour‐specific histological characteristics are given. Finally, treatment modalities including surgical procedures and medical oncology as well as prognosis are discussed.     

泪腺上皮性肿瘤的外科治疗探讨

目的 探讨泪腺上皮性肿瘤的现代治疗方法。方法 对34例泪腺上皮性肿瘤进行分析。其中20例泪腺良性多形性腺瘤（复发性7例），11例腺样囊性癌（复发性９例），２例恶性多形性腺瘤（复发性2例）和1例黏液表皮癌。结果 前路开眶15例，改良外侧开眶15例，眶内容摘除术2例，内侧开眶1例，术后放射治疗17例（恶性14例，良性3例），随访28例，时间半年至1.5年，良性肿瘤16例均无复发，恶性肿瘤12例中2例复发。结论 泪腺上皮性肿瘤是常见的眶内肿瘤，复发率较高。改良外侧开眶是切除泪腺上皮性肿瘤最好的方法。