彩色多普勒超声在肝移植术后肝动脉并发症的应用价值

目的　探讨彩色多普勒超声 (CDI)监测肝移植术后肝动脉并发症的应用价值。方法　术后连续CDI检查监测 180次原位肝移植。监测指标包括肝门部及肝内肝动脉左、右分支的峰值速度 (HAV) ,加速度 (HAAC) ,加速时间 (SAT) ,阻力指数 (RI) ,观察有无血流信号中断、侧支循环形成、肝内有无梗死灶和肝内、外胆管改变等。结果　 8例病人经选择性动脉造影证实为动脉并发症 (血栓形成 5例 ,肝动脉狭窄 3例 )。CDI表现有 :RI降低 <0 5 (8/ 8) ,SAT延长 >0 0 8s(6 / 8) ,HAAC降低<30 0cm/s2 (6 / 8) ,HAV降低 <4 0cm/s(7/ 8) ,肝内胆管扩张、回声改变等 (4 / 8) ,肝内梗死灶 (2 / 8) ,肝内外动脉血流信号消失 (2 / 8) ,肝门部侧支循环形成 (1/ 8)。CDI对动脉并发症诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为 87 5 % (7/ 8)和 95 3% (16 4 / 172 )。结论　CDI可有效监测肝移植术后肝动脉并发症并对其治疗有一定的指导作用。RI、SAT、HAAC、HAV是CDI诊断肝动脉并发症的敏感指标 ,联合应用可以提高CDI的诊断特异度。     

肝移植术中血管超声检查在血管并发症预防和诊断中的价值

目的 探讨肝移植术中血管超声检杳在预防和诊断血管并发症中的价值.方法 肝移植术中对116例患者进行血管超声检查,检测血管吻合后肝动脉峰值流速和门静脉流量.以肝动脉峰值流速2>30 cm/s为正常肝动脉标准,以门静脉流量2>800ml/min为正常门静脉标准.结果 在116例患者中,有14例肝动脉峰值流速<30 cm/s,其中9例通过应用利多卡因腹腔于根部浸润、罂粟碱及盐酸消旋山莨菪碱肝动脉内注射,解除血管痉挛后,肝动脉峰值流速达到正常标准,但术后仍有3例患者发生肝动脉并发症;另5例经过上述处理,肝动脉峰值流速仍<30 cm/s,故采用供者髂内动脉对受者腹主动脉与供者肝动脉进行搭桥吻合,吻合后测肝动脉峰值流速2>30 cm/s,术后未发生肝动脉并发症.116例患者中,有5例门静脉流量<800 ml/min,其中4例经证实存在门腔分流,行门腔分流静脉结扎后,门静脉流量达到正常标准,但术后仍有1例发生门静脉血栓;另1例存在门静脉Ⅲ级血栓,血栓切除后进行门静脉端端吻合,门静脉流量仍达不到标准,故利用供者髂静脉通过胰腺前胃十二指肠后与受者肠系膜上静脉远端进行搭桥吻合,术中测量门静脉流量达到正常标准,术后未发生门静脉并发症.结论 肝移植术中血管超声检查对血管并发症具有较高的预防和诊断价值.对术中超声检查提示异常的患者,术后应该严密监测,以尽早发现可能出现的血管并发症并进行相应治疗.     

婴幼儿活体肝移植后的血流动力学变化及血管并发症

目的 探讨婴幼儿活体肝移植术后的血流动力学变化及血管并发症的发生情况.方法 应用彩色多普勒超声观测34例婴幼儿活体肝移植术后2个月内门静脉、肝动脉、肝左静脉最大流速及肝动脉阻力指数变化情况,并观察术后血管并发症的发生情况及其预后.结果 34例受者中,术后超声显示血管通畅者29例(85.3%,29/34),发生血管并发症5例(14.7%,5/34).29例血管通畅的患儿,术后第1天时门静脉最大流速(vmax)为(53.97±21.44)cm/s,肝动脉收缩期最大流速(PSV)为(52.88±17.87)cm/s,阻力指数(RI)为0.73±0.09,肝左静脉最大流速为(40.53±25.07)cm/s.与术后第1天比较,术后1周时门静脉vmax、肝动脉PSV、肝左静脉vmax及肝动脉RI的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后2周时门静脉vmax为(44.26±17.43)cm/s,明显低于术后第1天(P＜0.05);术后2个月时门静脉vmax为(40.31±26.29)cm/s,肝动脉PSV为(41.50±8.67)cm/s,均明显低于术后第1天(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).5例血管并发症均发生在术后7 d内,其中肝动脉血栓形成3例(2例行取栓术,1例行溶栓治疗),门静脉血栓形成2例(1例行取栓术,1例行溶栓治疗),5例中3例死亡.结论 婴幼儿活体肝移植术后门静脉vmax和肝动脉PSV呈下降趋势;血管并发症发生时间早,发生率较高,活体肝移植术后7 d内至少应每天进行1次超声检查.     

彩色多普勒超声在肝移植术后发生肝动脉狭窄及其围介入治疗中监测价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在肝移植术后发生肝动脉狭窄及其围介入治疗中的监测作用。方法回顾性分析71例原位肝移植病人的超声检查资料,其中发生肝动脉狭窄并进行介入治疗的5例,并与同期血管造影对照。结果发生肝动脉狭窄病人彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)可见肝动脉纤细迂曲,多呈间断性星点闪烁状;近狭窄处肝动脉血流峰速(S1)升高(163．62±14．66)cm／s,远端动脉血流峰速(S2)降低(19．10±3．91)cm／s;阻力指数(RI)降低(0．38±0．07);收缩期血流加速时间(SAT)延长(98．00±9．41)ms;行经皮血管成形术,当狭窄部分、全部解除时,肝动脉各段血流峰速均相应不同程度向正常恢复,S1为(73．68±8．81)cm／s;S2为(37．18±4．80)cm／s,而阻力指数仍长时间维持降低(0．42±0．06),SAT长时间维持延长(98．20±6．80)ms。结论彩色多普勒超声在肝移植术后发生肝动脉狭窄及其围介入治疗中具有较高监测价值。     

彩色多普勒超声对肝移植术后11例血管并发症的诊断

目的评价彩色多普勒超声对肝移植术后血管并发症的诊断意义。方法回顾性分析和总结11例肝移植术后血管并发症的彩色多普勒超声检查资料,检测指标包括肝动脉及左右分支的峰值速度、阻力指数、加速度及加速时间,门静脉平均流速。结果5例经手术或造影证实为动脉并发症(血栓形成2例,肝动脉狭窄2例,肝动脉痉挛1例),彩色多普勒超声表现有肝动脉狭窄处的高速高阻血流并伴有湍流,而狭窄远端肝内动脉峰值速度<40cm/s,阻力指数<0.5,加速时间>0.08s,加速度<300cm/s2,2例肝动脉血栓形成肝门部无动脉血流信号;6例为门静脉并发症(3例门静脉狭窄,3例门静脉血栓形成)。结论彩色多普勒超声对肝移植术后血管并发症的诊断具有重要的指导意义。     

肝移植中肝动脉变异的显微外科重建

目的进一步探讨和总结供肝肝动脉的解剖变异及整形重建经验。方法回顾性分析 14 1例原位肝移植中供肝肝动脉的解剖类型和变异肝动脉的重建方式。应用显微外科技术对变异肝动脉进行整形然后再吻合。术后每天用多普勒超声检查肝动脉血流 1周 ,其后定期监测 ,观察肝动脉的血流及血栓形成情况。结果 14 1例供肝中 ,肝动脉解剖正常的为 12 1例 (85 8% ,12 1/ 14 1) ,肝动脉解剖变异者 2 0例 (14 2 % ,2 0 / 14 1) ,其中 9例 (6 4 % ,9/ 14 1)需行显微外科重建后再与受体肝动脉吻合。此 9例中异常的肝右动脉与胃十二指肠动脉吻合 7例 (4 9% ,7/ 14 1) ,异常的肝左或肝右动脉与脾动脉吻合 2例 (1 4 % ,2 / 14 1)。变异肝动脉合理整形后再行肝移植 ,其动脉血管并发症的发生率并未升高。结论供肝肝动脉变异较为常见 ,应用显微外科技术对变异的肝动脉植肝前采用适当的整形 ,以获得单一的备吻合血管 ,可以提高供肝动脉重建的质量 ,降低肝动脉并发症的发生率。     

实时三维超声造影评估肝移植术后肝动脉并发症的初步探讨

目的初步探讨实时三维超声造影(RT-3D-CEUS)用于评估肝移植术后肝动脉并发症的价值。方法对2014年4月至7月在中山大学附属第三医院行肝移植的18例受者进行29例次彩色多普勒超声(彩超)、二维灰阶超声造影(2D-CEUS)和RT-3D-CEUS检查。RT-3D-CEUS的成功率并评价其图像质量及诊断肝动脉并发症情况。结果 29例次检查中,RT-3D-CEUS检查成功率93%(27/29)。RT-3D-CEUS的图像质量评分,3分14例次,2分13例次,1分2例次。采用RT 3D-CEUS诊断肝动脉狭窄6例,其中4例为RT-3D-CEUS发现,后经CTA证实;2例在检查前已经由CTA或DSA诊断肝动脉吻合口狭窄。结论 RT-3D-CEUS检查能获得直观、清晰的肝动脉图像,用于评估肝移植术后肝动脉并发症具有临床应用价值。     

肝移植术后脾动脉盗血综合征治疗选择及安全性评价（附5例报告）

目的 分析肝移植术后脾动脉盗血综合征（SASS）不同时机治疗方式选择的临床效果,评价脾动脉栓塞的疗效及其安全性。方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2013年12月武警总医院191例肝硬化、脾脏增大,术前脾动脉直径/肝动脉直径≥1.5、但术中肝动脉血流≥30 cm/s的肝移植病人SASS发生率及临床表现。根据确诊时机和程度分别采取脾动脉栓塞、肝动脉与脾动脉或腹主动脉重新吻合、脾动脉结扎或脾脏切除,比较4种处理方式的临床效果及安全性。结果 17例（8.9%）病人确诊为SASS,绝大多数（16/17,94.1%）发生在术后15 d内。5例急诊行脾动脉栓塞后肝总动脉血流［栓塞前（16.6±3.0）cm/s vs. 栓塞后（39.3±7.7）cm/s,P＜0.001］立即改善,阻力指数全部恢复到正常水平（0.5～0.8）,未观察到相关并发症。12例继发肝动脉血栓形成病人取出血栓或溶栓后行肝动脉与腹主动脉吻合（4例）、脾动脉结扎（3例）或脾切除（5例）;其中3例接受再次肝移植;2例因肝功能衰竭死亡。结论 SASS是肝移植术后严重并发症,及时诊断并行脾动脉栓塞是有效的补救措施,具有可靠的疗效和安全性。     

儿童肝移植术后门静脉狭窄的超声评估价值

目的  探讨儿童肝移植术后门静脉狭窄（PVS）的超声特征及其诊断价值。方法  回顾性分析肝移植术后门诊常规超声随访的84例儿童肝移植受者的临床资料。根据超声和数字减影血管造影术（DSA）检查结果将受者分为正常组（57例）和PVS组（27例）。采用超声监测门静脉是否狭窄,测量指标包括门静脉吻合口直径、吻合口流速、肝动脉流速、肝动脉阻力指数（RI）及脾脏长径等。比较PVS组和正常组受者的超声参数;分析超声参数在儿童肝移植术后PVS中的诊断价值。结果  正常组门静脉吻合口直径大于PVS组[（0.44±0.08）cm比（0.27±0.10）cm];正常组门静脉吻合口流速低于PVS组[（43±12）cm/s比（119±58）cm/s],差异均有统计学意义（均为P < 0.001）。两组肝动脉流速、肝动脉RI及脾脏长径比较,差异均无统计学意义（均为P > 0.05）。儿童肝移植、公民逝世后器官捐献儿童肝移植及亲属活体器官捐献儿童肝移植中最佳诊断PVS的门静脉吻合口直径分别为0.35、0.35、0.33 cm,对应的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.906、0.916、0.906,灵敏度为0.947、0.951、0.938,特异度为0.852、0.833、0.889;最佳诊断PVS的门静脉吻合口流速分别为62.7、69.6、61.2 cm/s时,AUC为0.990、0.993、1.000,灵敏度为1.000、1.000、1.000,特异度为0.930、0.951、1.000。结论  儿童肝移植术后PVS受者的超声检查表现为门静脉吻合口直径缩小、吻合口流速变快,具有较高的诊断价值。     

活体肝移植的若干技术改进(附26例次临床报告)

目的　探讨活体肝移植手术技术的若干改进方法。方法　通过本院 1995年 1月至2 0 0 3年 7月实施的 2 6例次活体肝移植的回顾分析 ,对活体肝移植关键手术的若干改进进行总结。主要技术改进包括 :在以包含肝中静脉为特点的扩大左半肝切取技术的基础上 ,同时采用肝静脉、腔静脉联合扩大成形吻合技术重建流出道 ;综合显微外科、自体血管移植、血管搭桥及动脉成形等相关技术行肝动脉重建 ;端端吻合重建胆道。结果　受体 :平均手术时间为 (13 2 6± 3 4 8)h ;平均术中出血为 (32 10± 2 96 7)ml;平均冷缺血时间为 (2 1± 2 0 )h ;平均移植物重量 /受体体重之比 (graft recipientweightratio ,GRWR) :1 39%± 0 4 9%。供体 :平均手术时间为 (5 9± 1 6 )h ;平均失血量为(12 10± 710 )ml;平均移植物重量 (42 9± 16 8)g。术后随访 1～ 2 6个月 ,未见流出道、肝静脉梗阻的相关并发症 ;肝动脉栓塞发生率为 12 5 % ;未见胆道相关并发症。结论　LDLT中GRWR应不低于0 85 %～ 1 0 %。联合扩大成形吻合技术重建流出道和综合显微外科、自体血管移植、血管搭桥及动脉成形等相关技术行肝动脉重建是对活体肝移植技术的重要改进。     

原位肝移植术后动脉并发症的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨肝移植术后动脉并发症的早期诊断与治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析本院180例次原位肝移植术后动脉并发症的监测、诊断与处理。结果 动脉并发症发生率为5．0％(9／180)，其中肝动脉血栓形成(HAT)5例，肝动脉狭窄(HAS)3例，腹腔动脉狭窄1例。8例动脉造影证实，1例尸检证实。彩色多普勒超声(CDI)的诊断敏感度和特异度分别为88．9％和95．9％；术中超声(IOUS)的敏感度、特异度，阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为100％，96．0％，66．7％和100％。3例患者接受介入治疗、3例接受再血管化手术、2例分别接受再次肝移植和非手术治疗。3例治愈，6例死亡。结论CD1是监测动脉并发症的首选方法；IOUS有助于术中的早期诊断。HAS和HAT治疗应首选再血管化或再次肝移植；介入溶栓的疗效不佳；个别患者可尝试非手术治疗。     

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目的 探讨肝移植术后血管并发症的诊断与治疗。方法 回顾性分析1993年4月至2002年8月施行的180例次原位肝移植的临床资料。结果 发生血管并发症19例(10．6％)，18例经选择性血管道影证实，1例经尸体检查证实。彩色多普勒超声(CDI)的诊断敏感度和特异度分别为94．7％和92.5％。术中超声检查(I0US)对动脉并发症诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为100％和96.0％。11例、3例、3例和1例受者分别接受介入、再血管化、保守治疗和再次肝移植。与血管并发症有关的病死率为3.9％(7／180)。结论 CDI是监测血管并发症的首选方法，选择性血管造影是早期诊断血管并发症必不可少的手段。应根据血管并发症类型、诊断时间、全身情况、有无其他并发症、肝功能损害程度等来决定血管并发症的治疗方案。非肝动脉的血管并发症首选介入方法治疗，肝动脉血栓形成或狭窄则应选择再血管化或再次肝移植，部分病人可尝试保守治疗。     

原位肝移植术后血管并发症的早期诊断八例报告

目的 探讨原位肝移植术后血管并发症的监测和早期诊断,方法 回顾分析了本院53例原位肝移植术后血管并发症的监测和诊断方法,包括术后连续动态彩色多普勒超声检查、选择性血管造影及相关的临床特征观察,结果 本组15%（8/53）的患者出现了血管并发症;肝动脉血栓形成3例,肝动脉狭窄2例,腹腔动脉狭窄1例,下腔静脉狭窄2例（其中1例经尸体检查证实）,其余7例经选择性血管造影证实,彩色多普勒超声诊断血管并发症的灵敏度和特异度分别为100%（8/8）和98%（45/46）。结论 肝移植术后血管并发症的临床表现缺乏特异性,连续动态的彩色多普勒超声检查是监测和诊断血管并发症敏感且特异的方法,术后监测时间不应少于2个月,在临床表现与彩色多普勒超声出现血管并发症的可疑征象时,应及时行血管造影检查进一步明确诊断。     

Inflammatory responses in a new mouse model of prolonged hepatic cold ischemia followed by arterialized orthotopic liver transplantation.

The current models of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice are largely limited to a warm ischemic component. To investigate the mechanism of hepatic "cold" IRI, we developed and validated a new mouse model of prolonged cold preservation followed by syngeneic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Two hundred and forty-three OLTs with or without rearterialization and preservation in University of Wisconsin solution at 4 degrees C were performed in Balb/c mice. The 14-day survivals in the nonarterialized OLT groups were 92% (11/12), 82% (9/11), and 8% (1/12) after 1-hour, 6-hour and 24-hour preservation, respectively. In contrast, hepatic artery reconstruction after 1-hour, 6-hour, and 24-hour preservation improved the outcome as evidenced by 2-week survival of 100% (12/12), 100% (10/10), and 33% (4/12), respectively, and diminished hepatocellular damage (serum alanine aminotransferase /histology). Moreover, 24-hour (but not 1-h) cold preservation of rearterialized OLTs increased hepatic CD4+ T-cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 2, interferon-gamma) production, as well as enhanced local apoptosis, and Toll-like receptor 4/caspase 3 expression. These cardinal features of hepatic IRI validate the model. In conclusion, we have developed and validated a new mouse model of IRI in which hepatic artery reconstruction was mandatory for long-term animal survival after prolonged (24-h) OLT preservation. With the availability of genetically manipulated mouse strains, this model should provide important insights into the mechanism of antigen-independent hepatic IRI and help design much needed refined therapeutic means to combat hepatic IRI in the clinics.     

Back-table arterial reconstructions in liver transplantation: single-center experience

Anatomic variations of the arterial supply to donor liver grafts often require complex hepatic artery reconstructions on the back table. Therefore, because of the additional anastomoses, there is a greater risk of arterial thrombosis and graft loss. Among the 620 orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) in 549 adult and pediatric patients performed from June 1983 through August 2004, the rates and types of donor hepatic artery variations (HAV) and the type of reconstructions were reviewed as well as the 1- and 5-year grafts and patient survival rates after OLT. At least 1 HAV was present in 133 liver grafts (21.4%). The most frequent variations were as follows: right hepatic artery (RHA) from superior mesenteric artery (SMA) (44 cases); RHA from aorta (4 cases); and RHA from SMA, combined with a left hepatic artery (LHA) from left gastric artery (3 cases). No graft was discarded. Fifty-six of 133 (42%) HAV required arterial reconstructions, generally a termino-terminal (TT) anastomosis between RHA and splenic artery (26 cases, 46.4%). Less frequently performed anastomoses were the "fold-over" technique (15 cases, 26.8%) and the anastomosis between the RHA and the gastro-duodenal artery (6 cases, 10.6%); rare reconstructions were performed in 9 cases (16.0%). The rate of hepatic artery thrombosis was 5.4% (3 of 56 OLT) in complex hepatic artery reconstructions and 2.2% in other grafts. One- and 5-years graft and patient actuarial survival rates have been respectively 73.2%- 71.4% in hepatic artery reconstructions and 78.6%-76.8% in the absence of an artery reconstruction, respectively.     

Vascular Complications Following Adult Piggyback Liver Transplantation With End-to-Side Cavo-Cavostomy: A Single-Center Experience

Background

Vascular complications remain a significant cause of morbidity, graft loss, and mortality following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). These problems predominantly include hepatic artery and portal vein thrombosis or stenosis. Venous outflow obstruction may be specifically related to the technique of piggyback OLT.

Materials and Methods

Between February 2002 and February 2009, we performed 200 piggyback OLT in 190 recipients. A temporary portacaval shunt was created in 44 (22%) cases, whereas end-to-side cavo-cavostomy was routinely performed for graft implantation. Pre-existent partial portal or superior mesenteric vein thrombosis was present in 17 (12%) cirrhotics in whom we successfully performed eversion thrombectomy, which was followed by a typical end-to-end portal anastomosis. The donor hepatic artery was anastomosed to the recipient aorta via an iliac interposition graft in 31 (16%) patients.

Results

The 14 (7%) vascular complications included hepatic artery thrombosis (n = 5), hepatic artery stenosis (n = 3), aortic/celiac trunk rupture (n = 2), portal vein stenosis (n = 2), and isolated left and middle hepatic venous outflow obstruction (n = 1). There was also 1 case of arterial steal syndrome via the splenic artery. No patient experienced portal or mesenteric vein thrombosis. Therapeutic modalities included re-OLT, arterial/aortic reconstruction and splenic artery ligation. Vascular complications resulted in death of 5 (36%) patients.

Conclusion

Our experience indicated that piggyback OLT with an end-to-side cavo-cavostomy showed a low risk of venous outflow obstruction. Partial portal or mesenteric vein thrombosis is no longer an obstacle to OLT; it can be successfully managed with the eversion thrombectomy technique.     

Impact of Hepatic Artery Variations and Reconstructions on the Outcome of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Background

Donor variational arteries often require complex reconstruction.

Methods

We analysed the incidence of different variations, types of arterial reconstructions and their impact on post-operative results from 409 patients undergoing liver transplantation at Karolinska Institute between 2007 and 2015.

Results

A total of 292 (71.4%) liver grafts had a standard hepatic artery (SHA), and 117 (28.6%) showed hepatic artery variants (HAV). 58% of HAV needed reconstruction. The main variations were variant left hepatic artery (45.3%) from the gastric artery; variant right hepatic artery (38.5%); and a triple combination of variant right and left hepatic artery and the proper hepatic artery from the common hepatic artery (12.8%); other 3.4%. Patients/graft survival and arterial complications were not different between SHA and HAV. Incidence of biliary stricture was numerically higher in left hepatic artery variants (p = 0.058) and in variants where no arterial reconstruction was performed (p = 0.001). Operation and arterial warm ischaemia time were longer in the HAV group. The need for intraoperative re-reconstruction was higher in the HAV group (p = 0.04). Intraoperative bleeding was larger after back-table reconstruction than with intraoperative reconstruction (p = 0.04).

Conclusion

No overall differences were found between the HAV and the SHA groups. Occurrence of a variant left hepatic artery and HAV with no reconstruction seems to increase the risk of biliary strictures.

     

原位肝移植肝动脉重建及其并发症防治

目的分析总结原位肝移植肝动脉重建及其并发症的处理经验。方法总结72例原位肝移植的临床资料，分析影响肝动脉重建的因素和处理技巧。结果72例原位肝移植患者术后仅有1例(1.4％)于肝动脉吻合口旁发生假性动脉瘤，经介入栓塞治疗成功，并保留了移植肝的动脉血液供应；全部病例随访3～43个月，住院期间死亡6例，随访期内死亡6例，总的1、3年累积存活率均为83.3％，没有病例死于肝动脉并发症。结论供、受者的血管变异情况和质量以及肝动脉重建技术，是影响肝动脉重建的关键因素。     

The evolving role of staging laparoscopy in the treatment of colorectal hepatic metastasis

HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopy is an increasingly important tool in the staging and treatment of hepatic malignancies. This study evaluates the effect of staging laparoscopy (SL) using intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) on the regional treatment of isolated hepatic colorectal metastasis. DESIGN: Analytic cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Consecutive patients who have a colorectal metastasis confined to the liver and selected for surgical regional treatment. INTERVENTIONS: All patients underwent preoperative evaluation followed by SL/IOUS. Operative plans were based on preoperative imaging and were either carried out or altered intraoperatively according to SL/IOUS findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Effect of SL/IOUS on surgical management. RESULTS: Between September 1996 and May 2004 one hundred fifty-two SL/IOUSs were performed in 136 patients (77 males and 59 females), who had a mean (SD) age of 63 (11) years. Data sets were complete in 138 events. All patients had isolated hepatic disease as defined by preoperative computed tomography in 152 (100%) and positron emission tomography in 107 (70%). Staging laparoscopy/IOUS identified surgically untreatable disease in 34 events (25%) because of peritoneal metastases (n = 15), nodal involvement (n = 11), diffuse hepatic disease (n = 5), no identifiable disease (n = 2), and untreatable disease (n = 1). Laparoscopic treatment events included radiofrequency ablations (n = 78), hepatic artery pump implantations (n = 40), resections (n = 26), and combined procedures (n = 37). Overall, SL/IOUS changed the treatment plan in 66 (48%) of 138 of events. This includes 32 (23%) of 138 events in which SL/IOUS findings significantly altered the actual procedure performed relative to the preoperative plan. Three minor complications occurred in the SL/IOUS-only group with a mean (SD) hospital stay of 1.3 (1) days. CONCLUSION: In the regional management of isolated colorectal hepatic metastasis, SL/IOUS avoids unnecessary laparotomies and influences definitive surgical intervention in a substantial proportion of patients.