Role of glycolysis in the maintenance of the energy-synthesizing function of hepatocytes from rats adapted and nonadapted to hypoxia at different oxygen concentrations

It is demonstrated that the lactate-Po₂ dependence is the same in hepatocytes of rats with high and low resistance to hypoxia and does not correlate with phasic changes in the ATP concentration in the 890–50 μM O₂ region. Strong activation of lactate formation against the background of ATP decrease indicates that glycolysis is not the major mechanism determining the steady-state ATP level in the cell and affecting the ATP-Po₂ relationship in a wide range of oxygen concentrations. The intensity of glycolysis in hepatocytes of rats with high resistance to hypoxia is markedly increased after periodic adaptation to hypoxia but remains practically unchanged in the hepatocytes of low-resistance rats. This indicates that fundamentally different compensatory mechanisms are involved in this process in the liver of high- and low-resistance rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 28–32, January, 1995     

Comparative histophotometric characteristics of the structural-metabolic heterogeneity of hepatocytes in peritonitis and limb gangrene

Comparative histophotometric and correlation analysis was carried out to study dehydrogenase activity in hepatocytes of different acinar zones in peritonitis and gangrene of the lower extremities. Structural-metabolic disturbances of hepatocytes were found to be responsible for the weakened detoxicating function in patients with endotoxicoses. Special features of metabolic disturbances in the liver acini were demonstrated in peritonitis and limb gangrene. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 108–112, January, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Morphological characteristics of lymphocyte-hepatocyte contacts in various periods of liver regeneration in mice

The histo-and ultrastructure of regenerating murine liver is studied after excision of 2/3 of its tissue. Counts of leukocytes and lymphocytes are found to be increased in the intertrabecular spaces after the operation. Lymphocytes come in close contact with hepatocytes and reticuloendotheliocytes forming microtunnels at the sites of contact. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 176–179, February, 1994     

Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of binding sites for high-density lipoproteins in cultured rat hepatocytes (Independence of the hormone effect on the intracellular cholesterol pool)

It is shown that glucocorticoids play a key regulatory role directed toward the maintenance of an optimal level of binding and internalization of HDL₃ in hepatocytes. Their stimulatory effect on the expression of HDL receptors proves to be independent of changes in the CH content in parenchymal cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 50–53, January, 1994     

Protective effect of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in cats with hemorrhagic shock

Experiments on cats indicated that the use of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in hemorrhagic shock may reduce the intensity of free-radical processes in the liver, stabilize the phospholipid bilayer of plasma membranes in hepatocytes, decrease the severity of pathomorphological changes in the target organs, and raise systemic arterial pressure with its stabilization at a subnormal level. The use of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in cats with hemorrhagic shock resulted in a considerable prolongation of their survival. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 5, pp. 480–484, May, 1995     

Role of peritoneal macrophages in the effect of natural metabolites in toxic hepatitis

It is demonstrated that under the action of CCl₄ cytosol of rat pup liver activates peritoneal macrophages with various enzyme activity. The immunomodulating effect of liver cytosol manifests itself in normalization of cellular and humoral parameters of natural resistance. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 148–150, February, 1996 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Enhancement of liver cell proliferation by GM3 ganglioside

In experiments on rats subjected to partial hepatectomy and experimentally induced hepatitis it is shown that GM₃ ganglioside of equine erythrocytes can enhance liver cell proliferation. The effect was also observed in experiments on a primary hepatocyte culturein vitro; moreover, enhancement of cell proliferation did not depend on the type of sialic acid residues. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp 427–430, April, 1995     

A method for monitoring toxic damage to the liver,based on measurement of total water and its magnetic relaxation characteristics

Acute poisoning of rats with the hepatotropic poison tetrachloromethane was accompanied by increases in the liver content of total water and its spin-lattice (T ₁) and spin-spin (T ₂) relaxation times and by a decrease in theT ₁/T ₂ ratio, with reversal of the correlation betweenT ₁ andT ₂. The antihypoxic agent sodium γ-oxybutyrate normalized water metabolism in the liver almost completely. It is concluded that total water content andT ₁ are the more informative parameters for monitoring both toxic liver damage and the efficacy of its pharmacological correction. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 584–586, December, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Vladimirov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Damage to the internal organs of experimental animals infected with Marburg's virus

It is shown that in grivets and guinea pigs Marburg's virus reproduces in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, in hepatocytes, and in a few endotheliocytes. Marked pathological changes develop in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. A peculiarity of infection in monkeys is the entire absence of morphological manifestations of an inflammatory reaction and of immune system activation. Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system are thought to play a crucial role in the development of pathological changes in the organism of infected monkeys and guinea pigs. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 430–434, April, 1994     

Glucocorticoid-dependent regulation of the expression of high-density lipoprotein binding sites in rat hepatocytes

It is shown that dexamethasone increases the number of HDL binding sites in cultured hepatocytes bothin vivo andin vitro. The glucocorticoid acts in a dose-dependent and reversible manner within a wide range of concentrations, including physiological and subphysiological doses. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 47–50, January, 1994     

Changes in the state of mitochondria and intercellular junctions of hepatocytes for the internal application of siliceous water

Structural-adaptive alterations in mitochondria and intercellular junctions are found in the liver against the background of elevated silicon when mineral siliceous water and silicon solution are applied internally. It is established that an increase of the number of tight and gap junctions takes place during the period of declining bioenergetic processes in hepatocytes. As the number and area of mitochondria increase, the extent of the intercellular junctions shrinks. These changes may be considered to be important components in the mechanism of action of siliceous water. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 348–351, March, 1996 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Karyometric analysis of hepatocytes of common field mice from regions with different levels of technogenic contamination

Increased polyploidy of hepatocytes is shown using karyometric analysis in common field mice from different Altai regions with high levels of technogenic contamination of radiation and chemical nature. A higher degree of polyploidy is noted in animals with more marked alterations in hepatocytes classified as dystrophic and necrobiotic. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 223–227, February, 1996 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Role of estrogens in the regulation of prolactin receptors in liver cells of female rats

Strong expression of prolactin receptors in sinusoidal domains and cytoplasmic granules of hepatocytes, which is independent of cell location in the hepatic lobule and is positively regulated by estrogens, is revealed in pubertal female rats. In estrogen-treated animals, Prolactin receptors are also exposed in the perinuclear space of some hepatocytes surrounding the central veins. Estrogens regulate the intensity of prolactin receptors expression in hepatocytes, but not the number of cells containing these receptors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 264–267, September, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Evaluation of microsomal and mitochondrial oxidation in rat liver in tetracycline-induced hepatosis

A satistically significant decrease in the content of cytochromes P-450 and b₅ and in the activity of aniline hydroxylase and p-nitroanisole demethylase occurs in rat liver microsomes during the development of experimental acute fatty hepatosis develoing within a 24-h period after intraperitoneal administration of 125 mg/kg tetracycline hydrochloride. Under these experimental conditions tetracycline hydrochloride elicits only an insignificant disintegrating effect on oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 612–615, December, 1994     

Effect of various oxygen concentrations on the ATP content in isolated hepatocytes of rats adapted and nonadapted to hypoxia

It is shown that isolated hepatocytes are capable of perceiving slight changes in the envioronmental oxygen concentration. A complicated phase dependence exists between adenosine triphosphate and partial oxygen pressure, which differs in cells from animals with high and low resistance to hypoxia, the former showing a more stable and resistant energy-synthesizing function than the latter. After long-term adaptation to periodic hypoxia, the resistance of the energy-synthesizing function rises in hepatocytes from high-resistant animals, and falls in low-resistant animals suggesting a fundamentally different organization of the emergency compensatory mechanisms of the energy-synthesizing function in hepatocytes of animals of these two types. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 576–581, December, 1994     

The invertor mechanism of changes in the plasma membranes of hepatocytes during induction of microsomal monooxygenases in adult and old rats

Age-specific changes of some parameters of the state of the plasma membrane are studied for genetic induction of enzymes of microsomal oxidation. Changes of the state of plasma membrane of hepatocytes are shown to be associated with the synthesis of a specific intracellular regulator (invertor). Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 13–15, January, 1994     

Effect of pH and glutathione on lipid peroxidation in tocopherol-enriched liposomes

Tocopherol-enriched liver microsomes are more resistant to lipid peroxidation at an alkaline pH of 8.5 in comparison with microsomes incubated at pH 7.5. An alkaline pH provides conditions for two-electron oxidation of tocopherol, which causes the lipid molecule to revert to the initial state (O₂/H exchange). A possible mechanism of inhibition of lipid peroxidation within the physiological range of pH with participation of a glutathione-dependent enzyme is discussed. Translated fromByullenten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 268–270, September, 1995 Presented by E. I. Chazov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Intracellular ceruloplasmin-like protein of mammals

Pulse-chase experiments show that, in addition to the secreted molecular forms of ceruloplasmin, an intracellular ceruloplasmin-like protein is synthesized in rat hepatocytes. Radioimmunochemical assay demonstrates that a nonserum isoform of ceruloplasmin is bound to the Golgi membranes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 83–85, January, 1994 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Accumulation of ATP by plasma membranes of human and rat hepatocytes induced by some growth factors and phosphatidylcholine

Using the method of ATP luminometry it is shown that crude membrane preparations from human and rat hepatocytes accumulate ATP 20–100 nmol/mg protein during a 1-min incubation under conditions of oxidative phosphorylation. Application of appropriate inhibitors shows that a possible contamination of the membrane preparations with mitochondria does not contribute to this ATP accumulation. Phosphatidylcholine, tumor necrosis factor, and cell proliferation factor markedly stimulate the accumulation of ATP by plasma membraneenriched particles isolated from rat and human liver. The hepatocyte plasma membrane is shown to be able to synthesize ATP from inorganic phosphate and ADP using the aerobic mechanism. ATP in the plasma membrane is assumed to participate in the transmembrane signal transduction from growth factors to the cell effector systems. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 271–274, March, 1996 Presented by V. D. Fedorov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Granulomatous inflammation of the liver in mice with gadolinium chloride-blocked Kupffer cells

(CBA×C57B1/6) F₁ mice injected with zymosan intravenously developed granulomas in the liver; the number of granulomas in mice pretreated with gadolinium chloride, a selective blocker of Kupffer cells, was half that in the untreated animals. Kupffer cells isolated from the liver 5 days after zymosan injection, i.e., during the period when granuloma generation was at its height, displayed a high capacity for stimulating both the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of blood leukocytes (which is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species) and the colony-forming activity of bone marrow cells; this capacity was much lower in mice pretreated with gadolinium chloride. It is shown that granulomatous inflammation of the liver is directly dependent on the activity of Kupffer cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 10, pp. 366–369, October, 1995 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences