人参与附子配伍后不同制备条件下人参皂苷含量变化的研究

目的:研究人参与附子配伍后不同制备条件对人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1含量的影响。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定人参配伍附子后水煎液、浓缩膏及不同温度下的干燥细粉中人参皂苷的含量。结果:人参与附子配伍后,浓缩、干燥是人参皂苷类成分损失最多的制备工序。结论:人参与附子配伍浓缩、干燥温度不宜高于80℃。     

人参与麦冬配伍后人参皂苷含量变化的研究

目的研究人参与麦冬配伍后不同制备条件对人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1含量的影响。方法用高效液相色谱法测定人参配伍麦冬后水煎液、浓缩膏、不同温度下干燥细粉中人参皂苷的含量。结果两者配伍后,浓缩干燥是人参皂苷类成分损失最多的制备方法。结论人参与麦冬配伍干燥温度不宜高于60℃。     

人参配伍五灵脂人参总皂苷的含量变化规律研究

目的观察人参配伍五灵脂后人参总皂苷含量的变化规律,探讨两种药物配伍后五灵脂对人参抗衰老作用的影响及机理。方法选取6组不同的人参与五灵脂的用量配比及不同的煎煮方法,用紫外分光光度法进行两味药配伍后的人参总皂苷含量测定。结果二者配伍后人参总皂苷含量下降。结论五灵脂的用量和二者的煎煮方式是影响人参总皂苷含量的两个重要因素。     

三七-西洋参药物配伍中皂苷类提取工艺优化

摘要：目的:优化三七-西洋参药物配伍中皂苷类成分的提取工艺,分析提取物的HPLC特征图谱。方法:采用正交试验,以浸膏得率、总皂苷含量、三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Rb1为评价指标,研究三七-西洋参药物配伍中皂苷类成分的最佳醇提工艺,分别对三七-西洋参药物配伍的醇提物和水提物中皂苷类成分含量进行分析。结果:三七-西洋参药物配伍的最佳醇提工艺为加12倍量60%乙醇,水浴回流0.5 h,提取3次;醇提物中总皂苷含量较高,三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Rb1含量明显高于水提物;三七-西洋参药物配伍与单味药相比,醇提物中主要皂苷类成分含量具有一定配伍特点;通过对比三七-西洋参药物配伍及单味药材醇提物、水提物的HPLC色谱图,分析归属6个共有峰,3个西洋参特征性成分及1个三七特征性成分,三七-西洋参药物配伍的醇提物较单味药醇提物,共有峰及特征峰峰面积均降低,各提取物中共有皂苷类成分比例各有其特点。结论:优选出的三七-西洋参药物配伍醇提工艺简便易行、重复性良好;建立的含量测定方法稳定可行,为三七-西洋参药物配伍的药效物质分析研究提供一定参考。     

HPLC测定中药水煎液中人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和三七皂苷R1的含量

目的：建立中药水煎液中人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和三七皂苷R1的含量测定方法.方法：采用高效液相色谱法测定三七及复方丹参滴丸水煎液中有效成分含量.结果：三七及复方丹参滴丸水煎液中人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1及三七皂苷R13种成分均达到良好分离,在测定范围内线性良好,回收率在99.2%～100.4%之间.结论：所建立的定量方法简便可行、重复性好,可用于含三七皂苷类成分的中药制剂的质量控制.     

吉产不同生长年限人参中8种主要人参皂苷与人参皂苷Rg_1比值的变化规律研究

目的:探讨吉产不同生产年限人参中8种主要人参皂苷与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值的变化规律,为其生长年限的鉴别提供参考。方法:收集吉林省不同生长年限(3～30年)的园参、林下参、野山参样品,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定人参中人参皂苷Rg_1、Re、Rf、Rb_1、Rc、Rb_2、Rb_3、Rd等8种成分的含量;计算各皂苷单体含量及8种人参皂苷总含量分别与人参皂苷Rg_1含量的比值,并探究该比值与生长年限的关系。结果:随人参生长年限的增长,园参中8种人参皂苷总含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值及人参皂苷Re、Rb_1、Rc、Rd单体含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值均逐渐减小(P<0.001),林下参中人参皂苷Re与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值呈先减小后增加趋势(P<0.001),野山参中8种人参皂苷总含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值及人参皂苷Re、Rb_1与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值均逐渐增加(P<0.001),而园参、林下参、野山参中人参皂苷Rf、Rb_3与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值则均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:园参、林下参、野山参均含有8种人参皂苷成分,可根据人参皂苷Rg_1含量和人参皂苷Re、Rb_1单体含量与人参皂苷Rg_1的比值初步推测其生长年限。     

高效液相色谱法测定三七-丹参药对不同配比水煎液中3种成分溶出率的变化

目的采用HPLC法研究三七-丹参药对不同配比水煎液中三七皂苷R_1、人参皂苷Rg_1和人参皂苷Rb_1 3种成分溶出率的变化规律。方法采用ZORBAX SB-C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-水,梯度洗脱;流速1 mL·min~(-1);检测波长203 nm;柱温35℃。结果三七-丹参药对配伍比例为2∶1时,3种成分的总溶出率最高,而配伍比例为1∶3时溶出率最低。药对配伍比例为1∶2时,丹参对三七皂苷R_1、人参皂苷Rg_1的溶出率影响最大,而3∶1时对溶出率影响最小。配伍比例为2∶1时,丹参对人参皂苷Rb_1溶出率影响最大,而1∶3时对溶出率影响最小。结果显示,丹参、三七合煎可影响三七有效成分的溶出,可能两者合煎产生了新的化合物。结论三七-丹参不同的配伍比例会影响3种成分的溶出,以2∶1配比时最利于3种成分的溶出,2∶1是最佳配伍比例。     

富集纯化前上样液参数影响三七皂苷类成分的研究

目的 考察富集纯化前上样液参数pH值、氯化钠浓度、时间等对三七皂苷类成分的影响.方法 用UV、TLSC分别测定3种不同上样液在不同时间段的三七总皂苷、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1的含量.结果 3种上样液放置72 h后,人参皂苷Rg1含量均增加(P＜0.01);三七皂苷R1含量均减少(P＜0.05);人参皂苷Rb含量变化无差异;pH5.5上样液和pH 7.0上样液中的总皂苷含量均增加(P＜0.05),pH5.5且含4％氯化钠的上样液中总皂苷含量无明显变化.结论 在富集纯化过程中,上样液的pH值、无机盐浓度和时间对皂苷类成分含量变化有影响.     

人参皂苷Rg1对人胃癌BGC-823的抑制作用研究

目的:研究人参皂苷Rg1对体外培养的人胃癌细胞株BGC-823活性、增殖、凋亡蛋白Bax-2c、aspase-3及形态学影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法:取对数生长的细胞,加入不同浓度人参皂苷Rg1加以干预,生长曲线法、MTT法、蛋白质含量分别观察人参皂苷Rg1对BGC-823细胞活性、增殖的影响,荧光定量PCR法测定凋亡蛋白Bax-2c、aspase-3 mRNA含量变化,形态学方法观察人参皂苷Rg1促BGC-823细胞凋亡作用。结果:人参皂苷Rg1 40、60、80 mg/L不同剂量均不同程度抑制细胞的增殖,且有明显的量-效、时-效关系;人参皂苷Rg1对BGC-823细胞具有明显的细胞毒作用,其IC50为29.56 mg/L;人参皂苷Rg1可明显减少肿瘤细胞内蛋白含量,提高细胞内Bax-2、caspase-3 mRNA含量,提高经人参皂苷Rg1作用后,凋亡细胞皱缩,胞浆稀少或缺乏,淡红色;染色质凝聚,成深紫色;细胞核固缩碎裂成数个圆形颗粒。结论:人参皂苷Rg1可明显抑制细胞增殖,降低细胞活性,表现出较好的抗肿瘤活性,其作用机制可能与抑制肿瘤细胞蛋白质合成、促进BGC-823细胞凋亡有关。     

人参二醇组皂苷对小细胞肺癌细胞增殖的影响及其机制

目的:探讨人参二醇组皂苷对小细胞肺癌细胞增殖的影响及其机制.方法:在小细胞肺癌细胞的培养液中加入不同浓度(50～250mg/L)的人参二醇组皂苷,培养一定时间后,通过测定其中氚标胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷酸掺入量(3H-TdR),及以MTT法来评定小细胞肺癌细胞增殖程度.同时,测定细胞培养液中超氧化物歧化酶(S0D)、脂质过氧化物水平,以反映细胞氧化还原状态.结果:随着人参二醇组皂苷浓度的增加,3H-TdR及MTT测定的0D值逐渐减少,细胞增殖率逐渐增加,SOD水平逐渐增加,丙二醛(MDA)水平逐渐减少.当人参二醇组皂苷浓度为150,200,250mg/L时,各指标与对照组(未用药)相比均具有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:人参二醇组皂苷可增加S0D水平,减少活性氧自由基的产生,抑制小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖.     

炮制对人参药材及饮片含量差异的探讨

建立人参饮片的含量测定方法,并通过测定市售人参药材及饮片的总皂苷含量,进而探讨人参饮片的质量。方法：采用HPLC测定了5批人参药材及10批饮片中人参皂苷Rb1、Re、Rg1的含量。结果：人参药材与饮片总皂苷含量差异较大,且炮制后人参饮片中人参皂苷含量降低。结论：人参药材炮制后其质量存在明显变化,亟需制定统一标准进行质量控制。     

Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions

Ginseng is a highly valued herb in the Far East and has gained popularity in the West during the last decade. There is extensive literature on the beneficial effects of ginseng and its constituents. The major active components of ginseng are ginsenosides, a diverse group of steroidal saponins, which demonstrate the ability to target a myriad of tissues, producing an array of pharmacological responses. However, many mechanisms of ginsenoside activity still remain unknown. Since ginsenosides and other constituents of ginseng produce effects that are different from one another, and a single ginsenoside initiates multiple actions in the same tissue, the overall pharmacology of ginseng is complex. The ability of ginsenosides to independently target multireceptor systems at the plasma membrane, as well as to activate intracellular steroid receptors, may explain some pharmacological effects. This commentary aims to review selected effects of ginseng and ginsenosides and describe their possible modes of action. Structural variability of ginsenosides, structural and functional relationship to steroids, and potential targets of action are discussed.     

Protective effect of fermented Red ginseng on a transient focal ischemic rats

Red ginseng and fermented red ginseng were prepared, and their composition of ginsenosides and antiischemic effect were investigated. When ginseng was steamed at 98-100 degrees C for 4 h and dried for 5 h at 60 degrees C, and extracted with alcohol, its main components were ginsenoside Rg3> ginsenoside Rb1 > ginsenoside Rb2. When the ginseng was suspended in water and fermented for 5 days by previously cultured Bifidobacterium H-1 and freeze-dried (fermented red ginseng), its main components were compound K > ginsenoside Rg3 > or = ginsenoside Rh2. Orally administered red ginseng extract did not protect ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. However, fermented red ginseng significantly protected ischemica-reperfusion brain injury. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rh2 and compound K, which was found to be at a higher content in fermented red ginseng than red ginseng, may improve ischemic brain injury.     

响应曲面法优化人参总皂苷动态连续循环提取工艺

目的优化人参总皂苷的提取工艺。方法在单因素试验考察乙醇体积分数、药材粒径、溶剂流速、浓缩温度对人参总皂苷转移率的影响基础上,通过响应曲面法对人参总皂苷动态连续循环提取工艺进行优化。结果人参总皂苷的含量与所考察3个因素之间关系符合二次回归模型。优化后人参总皂苷的最佳提取工艺为,乙醇体积分数78%,超微粉碎时间10min,溶剂流速24mL/min,浓缩温度65℃。人参总皂苷转移率为85.64%(P<0.0001),验证试验结果与预测值偏差为2.58%,说明该模型比较可靠。结论该方法科学、合理、可行,对人参总皂苷提取工艺应用于实际生产具有重要的参考价值。     

Medicinal history and ginsenosides composition of Panax ginseng rhizome, "Rozu"

Ginseng is prepared from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer root. The root of wild P. ginseng has long tortuous rhizome called traditionally "Rozu" in Japanese. In the present historical studies on ginseng, it has been proven that ginseng has sometimes been used after removing "Rozu" due to its emetic effects. However, ginseng with "Rozu" is prescribed in almost all the present Kampo formulations used clinically in China and Japan. Possible reasons for this are (1) some formulations including "Rozu" have been used for vomiting resulting from the retention of fluid in the intestine and stomach, "tan-in" in Japanese, and (2) the present cultivated ginseng has shorter "Rozu" than wild ginseng. Furthermore, it is proved that "Rozu", rich in ginsenoside Ro with oleanane-type aglycone, is distinguished from ginseng roots rich in ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 with dammarane-type aglycone. This is the first report to declare the distribution of ginsenosides in underground parts of wild P. ginseng. Ginsenoside Ro is a minor ginsenoside in ginseng whereas it is the major ginsenoside in P. japonicus rhizome (chikusetsu-ninjin in Japanese). Ginsenoside Ro is characterized by antiinflammatory effects which differ from ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 responsible for adaptogenic effects of ginseng. These results suggest that "Rozu" containing both oleanane- and dammarane-type ginsenosides might be a promising raw material distinct from ginseng root or P. japonicus rhizome.     

疾病以及配伍对人参皂苷在大鼠体内的药动学影响

目的 建立SD大鼠血浆中人参皂苷Rb1、Rb2和Rg1的HPLC分析方法,对比分析配伍白术挥发油前后,人参皂苷在慢性萎缩性胃炎模型大鼠体内药动学特征。方法 SD大鼠分为4组,其中单用正常组和单用模型组均给药人参总皂苷292 mg·kg^-1,配伍正常组和配伍模型组均给药人参总皂苷292 mg·kg^-1和白术挥发油0.1 mL·kg^-1。于给药前和给药后不同时间点进行眼眶取血,采用HPLC测定各成分的血药浓度,并采用Winnolin 6.3软件计算其药动学参数。结果 与单用正常大鼠比较,单用模型组大鼠体内人参皂苷Rb1的C_max和AUC值降低,T_max、T_1/2以及MRT增加,人参皂苷Rb2和Rg1则呈现出AUC增加的变化;而配伍正常组大鼠体内人参皂苷Rb1、Rb2和Rg1的C_max和AUC值均增加,T_max、T_1/2以及MRT值均缩短。与单用模型组大鼠比较,配伍模型组大鼠体内人参皂苷Rb1和Rg1的C_max和AUC值均增加,T_max、T_1/2以及MRT值均降低。结论 在相同给药剂量下,疾病状态机体对人参皂苷的吸收和代谢呈现缓慢趋势,而配伍后能促进皂苷成分在体内的吸收,同时加快代谢消除,为人参的临床用药提供参考依据。     

高效液相色谱法用于西洋参与白参的分析和鉴别

采用高效液相色谱法测定了１０个不同地区栽培的西洋参与白参中人参皂苷 Ｒｂ１的含量,并利用相对保留时间和相对含量对两者进行定性鉴别     

扣子七中人参皂苷的HPLC-MS-MS方法研究

扣子七为五加科人参届植物大叶三七Panaxjaponicus C.A.Mey.var.major(Burkill)C.Y.Wu et K.M.Feng的干燥根茎,分布于云南,重庆,湖北等地。在渝东鄂西,扣子七用于养阴,清肺,散淤,止血,定痛,其化学成分的研究尚未见报道。 本实验以HPLC分离扣子七中人参皂苷,用离     

Comparison of the pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium

Medical application of Panax ginseng was first found in "Shen-Nong Herbal Classic"around 200 AD Panax quinquefolium was first introduced in "Essential of Materia Medica" in 1694 in China. The most important bioactive components contained in P ginseng and P quinquefolium are ginseng saponins (GS). The contents of ginsenoside Rb1, Re, and Rd in P quinquefolium are higher than they are in P ginseng. In P ginseng, the contents of Rg1,Rb2, and Rc are higher than they are in P quinquefolium. P ginseng had a higher ratio of Rg1: Rb1, and which was lower in P quinquefolium. After steaming for several hours, the total GS will decrease. However, some ginsenosides (Rg2, 20R-Rg2, Rg3, Rh1 and Rh2) increase, while others (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1) decrease. However, variation, especially in P quinquefolium, is high. P ginseng and P quinquefolium are general tonics and adaptogens. Rg1 and Rb1 enhance central nervous system (CNS) activities, but the effect of the latter is weaker. Thus, for the higher contents of Rg1, P ginseng is a stimulant, whereas the Rb1 contents of P quinquefolium are mainly calming to the CNS. Re, Rg1, panaxan A and B from P ginseng are good for diabetes. Re and Rg1 enhance angiogenesis, whereas Rb1, Rg3 and Rh2 inhibit it. Rh2, an antitumor agent, can be obtained from Rb1 by steaming. The content of Re in P quinquefolium are higher than in P ginseng by 3-4 times. The vasorelax, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and angiogenic effects of Re are reported. Thus, for the CNS "hot," wound healing and hypoglycemic effects, P ginseng is better than P quinquefolium. For anticancer effects, P quinquefolium is better.