对羟基苯甲醛葡萄糖苷席夫碱衍生物的合成

目的：天麻苷（gastrodin,4-羟甲基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷）的氧化物,与芳香胺合成席夫碱化合物.方法：合成天麻苷的氧化物（对羟基苯甲醛葡萄糖苷）,再与芳香胺反应.结果与结论：实验合成了6个新化合物,经IR,^1HNMR及元素分析证实其结构.     

天麻苷元1-位木糖苷席夫碱衍生物的合成

目的：天麻苷元（gastrodigenin，对羟基苯甲醇）1-位木糖苷的氧化物，与芳香胺合成席夫碱化合物。方法：天麻苷元的1-位羟基用D-木糖苷化，苄位氧化成醛，再与不同的芳香胺缩合反应生成相应的席夫碱。结果与结论：实验合成了6个新化合物，经^1HNMR、MS及元素分析证实其结构。     

对羟基苯甲醛葡萄糖苷衍生物的合成

目的：对羟基苯甲醛葡萄糖苷与已合成的氨基酸酯反应合成希夫碱。方法：用葡萄糖、对羟基苯甲醛为原料合成4-甲酰苯基2,′3,′4,′6′-四-O-乙酰-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,然后与氨基酸酯反应,合成希夫碱化合物。结果：利用红外光谱、核磁共振和元素分析等方法确定了它们的结构。结论：实验合成了5个新化合物。     

氨基酸甲乙酯的合成及纯化

目的：设计合成一系列氨基酸酯为合成席夫碱提供原料。方法：氨基酸与无水甲醇、无水乙醇的反应合成氨基酸甲乙酯，使羧基得到保护，对其甲乙酯进行纯化。结果与结论：合成16个化合物。     

天麻化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

天麻为传统名贵中药,主治头痛眩晕、肢体麻木、癫痫抽搐等症。其有效成分为天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇等酚类成分,为全面阐明天麻的活性成分,前文对天麻的弱极性部位进行了初步研究[1],本实验继续报道其极性部位成分的结构鉴定工作。从天麻的大孔吸附树脂柱水洗脱部位及低体积分数乙醇洗脱部位共分离得到12个化合物,其中已鉴定的7个化合物为天麻素(Ⅰ)、对羟基苯甲醇(Ⅱ)、4-羟苄基β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、巴利森苷C(Ⅳ)、巴利森苷A(Ⅴ)、腺苷(Ⅵ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅶ)。化合物和为天麻的药效作用相吻合,可能为天麻的活性成分之一。还首次用2D NMR对化合…     

灯盏乙素苷元4'-L-氨基酸酯前药的合成

目的:合成具有较强神经细胞氧化损伤保护作用及较好理化性质的灯盏乙素苷元4'-L-氨基酸酯衍生物.方法:以灯盏乙素苷元与N-Boc L-氨基酸为原料,在偶联剂DCC/DMAP的作用下缩合制备6,7-二苯缩酮保护灯盏乙素苷元4'-N-Boc L-氨基酸酯(4 a～4 c),后者经过酰氯/甲醇体系脱保护基,获得目标化合物灯盏...     

灰毡毛忍冬花蕾的化学成分研究

目的 研究灰毡毛忍冬花蕾的化学成分.方法 应用溶剂萃取及柱色谱方法分离灰毡毛忍冬花蕾的化学成分,通过波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构.结果 从灰毡毛忍冬花蕾中分离得到7个化合物,其中1个单萜苷类成分、2个香豆素苷类成分、1个三萜皂苷类成分、3个黄酮苷类成分,分别为(2E,6E)-3,7-二甲基-8-羟基八二烯-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、6-甲氧基香豆素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(东莨菪苷)(Ⅱ)、香豆素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(茵芋苷)(Ⅲ)、齐墩果酸皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1-6)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯(Ⅳ)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅶ).结论 化合物Ⅰ～Ⅴ为首次从忍冬属中分得.     

裸花紫珠化学成分研究

[目的]对裸花紫珠Callicarpa nudiflora Hook.et Arn的化学成分进行研究.[方法]采用正、反相硅胶,Sephadex LH-20,HP-20、大孔树脂等柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,综合运用光谱及核磁共振技术结合化学反应鉴定化合物结构.[结果]分离并鉴定了12个化合物,分别为齐墩果酸(1)、熊果酸(2)、5,4′-二羟基-3,7,3 ′-三甲氧基黄酮(3)、木犀草素(4)、芹菜素(5)、8-乙酰基哈帕苷(6)、6-氧-香草酰筋骨草苷(7)、木犀草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)、木犀草素4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10)、阿克苷(11)、连翘酯苷(12).[结论]2个环烯醚萜化合物8-乙酰基哈帕苷(6)和6-氧-香草酰筋骨草苷(7)为首次从紫珠属中分离得到.     

黄芪赤风汤指纹图谱建立及主要成分含量测定

目的 建立10批黄芪赤风汤供试品溶液的指纹图谱，以及对方中芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、黄芪甲苷7种主要成分进行测定。方法 采用Diamonsil C18(2)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)；使用0.05%甲酸水(B)-5%四氢呋喃95%乙腈(D)为流动相进行梯度洗脱；流量：1 mL/min；柱温：23℃，进样量：10μL。基于HPLC-ELSD法，漂移管温度：60℃，柱温：30℃，进样量：20μL。结果 10批黄芪赤风汤供试品共标出16个共有峰，其相似度均在0.9以上，并对毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花素、芍药苷、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芍药内酯苷分别进行指认；基于HPLC-ELSD法：10批黄芪赤风汤其相似度均在0.903以上。且7种主要成分在各自的加样范围中线性关系良好，各自加样回收率RSD≤3%，含量为：芍药内酯苷(9.58±1.70)mg/g、芍药苷(8.36±0.78)mg/g、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷(0.77±0.11)mg/g、芒柄花苷(0.16±0.06)mg/g、毛蕊异黄酮(0.50±0.06)m...     

天麻素治疗神经系统疾病机制研究进展

天麻（gastrodia elata blume）属兰科植物,从天麻干燥块茎中提炼出的化学成份有天麻素、天麻苷元、香荚兰醇、香荚兰醛、天麻醚苷、对羟基苯甲醛、柠檬酸、琥珀酸等。其中活性成份含量最高的有效单体成份是天麻素,化学名为对羟甲基苯-β-D吡喃葡萄糖苷,又称天麻苷。天麻素对调节血管的舒缩功能、改善神经系统血供,调节神经递质、改善神经功能,抗脑缺血、炎症及淀粉样蛋白损伤,保护神经细胞具有重要作用。其作用机制被越来越多的实验所证实。作者对天麻素治疗神经系统疾病机制的研究进展进行综述。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.