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Tsuji S Umino Y Nakamura Y Tonogai Y 《Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyūjo hōkoku = Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences》2002,(120):101-106
There were 162 official inspections of tar colors and their lakes in fiscal year 2001, and 162 samples were qualified. Total production amount of tar colors that passed inspection in Japan in fiscal year 2001 reached 134.8 tons. Tar color production amounts were described by month and by manufacturer. The food tar color produced in the largest amount was Food Yellow No. 4, accounting for 43.9% during this period. Their yearly total productions were decreased from 238.7 to 134.8 tons during 12 years. 相似文献
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Tsuji S Kinoshita H Furukawa M Nakano M Yoshii K Tonogai Y 《Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyūjo hōkoku = Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences》2004,(122):47-50
There were 197 official inspections of tar colors and their lakes in fiscal year 2003, the two of their samples were rejected, and the other were qualified. Total production amount of tar colors that passed inspection in Japan in fiscal year 2003 reached 147.9 tons. Tar color production amounts were described by month and by manufacturer. The food tar color produced in the largest amount was Food Yellow No. 4, accounting for 41.7% during this period. 相似文献
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Tsuji S Nakano M Furukawa M Nakamura Y Tonogai Y 《Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyūjo hōkoku = Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences》2003,(121):51-53
There were 157 official inspections of tar colors and their lakes in fiscal year 2002, and all of their samples were qualified. Total production amount of tar colors that passed inspection in Japan in fiscal year 2002 reached 113.6 tons. Tar color production amounts were described by month and by manufacturer. The food tar color produced in the largest amount was Food Yellow No. 4, accounting for 42.5% during this period. 相似文献
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Tsuji S Okada M Amakura Y Tonogai Y 《Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyūjo hōkoku = Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences》2000,(118):135-138
There were 260 official inspections of coal-tar dyes and their lakes in fiscal year 1999, and 259 of the lots qualified, one of the 8 samples of Food Blue No. 1 aluminum lakes was rejected. The quantity of coal-tar dyes that passed inspection in Japan in fiscal year 1999 reached 151.9 tons. Coal-tar dye production is estimated by month and by manufacturer. The food coal-tar dye produced in the largest quantity was Food Yellow No. 4, accounting for 44.2% during this period. 相似文献
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Tsuji S Okada M Matsumura I Nakamura Y Tonogai Y 《Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyūjo hōkoku = Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences》1999,(117):185-188
There were 284 official inspections of coal-tar and their lakes in fiscal year 1998, and 283 of the lots qualified, one of the 40 samples of Food Yellow No. 5 was rejected. The quality of coal-tar dyes that passed inspection in Japan in fiscal year 1998 reached 150.3 tons. Coal-tar dye production is summarized by manoth in Table 2 and by manufacturer in Table 3. The food coal-tar dye produced in the largest quantity was Food Yellow No. 4, accounting for 44.1% during this period. 相似文献
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Ishimitsu S Mishima I Tsuji S Tonogai Y Shibata T 《Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyūjo hōkoku = Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences》1998,(116):153-156
The number of official inspection of coal-tar dyes and their lakes from April in 1997 till March in 1998 were 571 in total. The quantity which passed inspection amounted to 160.3 ton in Japan. The production of color in each month was summarised in Table 1, and by each producing company in Table 2. The food coal-tar dye produced in the largest quantity was Food Yellow No.4, occupying 39.8% in this period. 相似文献
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T Rathwell 《Social science & medicine (1982)》1992,35(4):541-547
The European Region of the World Health Organisation (WHO) took the global lead on Health For All when the Regional Committee in 1980 approved a European Health For All Strategy. This was an important breakthrough for WHO as it was the first time Member States in a Region endorsed a common health policy and agreed to be monitored on their progress towards attainment of the strategy. The paper reviews the progress of Member States to date towards the Regional Health For All goal. Progress is discussed within the context of the six fundamental principles which underpin the Health For All concept, vis: equity; health promotion; community involvement; multisectoral participation; primary (local) health care; and, international cooperation. The paper argues that the commitment of Member States to the Health For All Strategy has been patchy with only moderate success towards meeting the 38 Regional Targets. Poor progress is attributed to changing national and international political and economic circumstances and limited resources but perhaps most importantly to a lack of political will to take the strategy seriously. 相似文献
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目的 建立糖果中6种合成着色剂及其铝色淀的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法。方法 样品经NaOH溶液浸泡超声提取,离心,上清液经PWAX柱富集净化;采用InertsilR ODS-3 C18为分离柱,以乙酸铵(0.02 mol/L)-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量。结果 6种目标化合物在0.1~50.0 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数(r值)大于0.999,3个浓度水平加标回收率为70.3%~110%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.07%~11.4%,检出限为1.0 mg/kg。应用该方法检测了10件市售糖果样品,检出柠檬黄、日落黄、胭脂红、诱惑红和亮蓝,其含量为1.5~363 mg/kg。结论 该方法简便快速,灵敏度高,适合于糖果中6种合成着色剂的测定。 相似文献
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Zhu D Huang S McClellan H Dai W Syed NR Gebregeorgis E Mullen GE Long C Martin LB Narum D Duffy P Miller LH Saul A 《Vaccine》2012,30(2):189-194
Efficient antigen extraction from vaccines formulated on aluminum hydroxide gels is a critical step for the evaluation of the quality of vaccines following formulation. It has been shown in our laboratory that the efficiency of antigen extraction from vaccines formulated on Alhydrogel decreased significantly with increased storage time. To increase antigen extraction efficiency, the present study determined the effect of surfactants on antigen recovery from vaccine formulations. The Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) formulated on Alhydrogel and stored at 2-8 °C for 3 years was used as a model in this study. The AMA1 on Alhydrogel was extracted in the presence or absence of 30 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or 20 mM cetylpyridinium chloride in the extraction buffer (0.60 M citrate, 0.55 M phosphate, pH 8.5) using our standard antigen extraction protocols. Extracted AMA1 antigen was analyzed by 4-20% Tris-glycine SDS-PAGE followed by silver staining or western blotting. The results showed that inclusion of SDS or cetylpyridinium chloride in extraction buffer increased the antigen recovery dramatically and can be used for efficient characterization of Alhydrogel vaccines. 相似文献
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This study discusses the conviction that the qualitative change which is going to be taking place over the next few decades with regard to the practice of medicine as far as the four governing aspects which bear an impact on medical practice are concerned: pure applied science; health-care policies; the economy and ethics. Medical science's know-how is going to be applied based on scientific evidence, the empirical scientific approach that has characterized medical practice over the past century being replaced. The health care policies from the organized society (Public Health Care System) are going to be changing its centralized models, handing over management authorities to the health-care professionals proper working at the public medical centers oriented toward health-care objectives. In turn, the health-care administration is going to be demanding a greater deal of strictness with regard to the honoring of health-care benefits based on scientific proof. The health-care economy of the Public Health-Care System is going to be requiring that the prescribing of medical procedures and the implementation of new technologies be dealt with based on results-based proven effectiveness related to health and, therefore, efficiency in management terms is going to be replaced by cost-effectiveness. Finally, the trend in individual medical ethics is going to continue evolving due to the many different individual and group ethics, which, in defense of the very nature (physis) of the medical practice is going to be requiring the development of informed consent, conscientious objection and a consensus being reached regarding new codes of professional conduct of a universal scope. 相似文献
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B Elorriaga Ameyuso J M Rodríguez Roldán M L Teijeira Rodríguez R Gálvez Zalo?a 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》1991,5(26):209-213
In the health care area of Guadalajara health expenses are met by three agencies, although there are no local data on the participation of each of them. The present paper studies public expenditures in Guadalajara, as well as their distribution by agency, by budget items and by type of service during 1989, and their relationship with population size and the gross provincial product. Total expenditures amounted 9.085.343.426 ptas. of which the National Health Institute (INSALUD) provided 80.5%, the Regional Health Council 15.5% and the County Council 4%. This implies a health expenditure of 61.385 ptas per year (21.424 ptas for primary care, 36.278 ptas for specialized care 3.683 ptas for overheads and administrative costs). The gross provincial product amounted to 122.5 billion ptas of which 7.65% were allocated to health care. Guadalajara is a large area with a small but widely dispersed and regressive population moderately depressed from the economic point of view, and with overall health resources above national average. Distribution of health care expenditure coincides with the overall data provided by the direct management of INSALUD. The expenditure/inhabitant ratio is higher than the national average, both in absolute terms and in percentage of the gross provincial product, which is understandable when demographic characteristics and existing resources are considered. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Information on cause-of-death is lacking for 98% of the world's 4 million neonatal deaths that occur in countries with inadequate vital registration (VR). Our aim was to estimate, by country for the year 2000, the distribution of neonatal deaths across programme-relevant causes including: asphyxia, preterm birth, congenital abnormalities, sepsis/pneumonia, neonatal tetanus, diarrhoea, and 'other'. METHODS: Two sources of neonatal cause-of-death data were examined: VR datasets for countries with high coverage (>90%), and published and unpublished studies identified through systematic searches. Multinomial regression was used to model the distribution of neonatal deaths. A VR-based model was used to estimate the distribution of causes of death for 37 low-mortality countries without national data. A study-based model was applied to obtain estimates for 111 high-mortality countries. Uncertainty estimates were derived using the jackknife approach. RESULTS: Data from 44 countries with VR (96 797 neonatal deaths) and from 56 studies (29 countries, 13 685 neonatal deaths) met inclusion criteria. The distribution of reported causes of death varied substantially between countries and across studies. Based on 193 countries, the major causes of neonatal death globally were estimated to be infections (sepsis/pneumonia, tetanus, and diarrhoea, 35%), preterm birth (28%), and asphyxia (23%). Regional variation is important. Substantial uncertainty surrounds these estimates. CONCLUSIONS: This exercise highlights the lack of reliable cause-of-death data in the settings in which most neonatal deaths occur. Complex statistical models are not a panacea. Representative data with comparable case definitions and consistent hierarchical cause-of-death attribution are required. 相似文献