数字图书馆的发展、建设与服务

介绍数字图书馆的概况、概念,国内外的发展,阐述数字图书馆的发展趋势及同传统图书馆的关系,服务主导型数字图书馆建设由本馆信息资源数字化、引进商用数据库、组合Internet的有用资源等组成.提出跨平台检索及"一站式检索"、个性化信息服务、网上虚拟参考咨询是数字图书馆服务的发展趋势.     

军队大型综合性医院数字图书馆文献资源建设与保障

本文通过总结军队大型综合性医院数字图书馆文献信息资源建设的经验,简要介绍了建设数字图书馆的背景、原则、软硬件条件、数字化信息资源的组成、以及服务与保障等方面的情况。着重指出数字化文献信息资源在保障与支持军队大型综合性医院的医疗、保健、教学与科研工作中的作用。     

浅谈医学图书馆数字化建设

介绍医学数字图书馆信息资源数字化、信息传递网络化、资源利用共享化、服务方式知识化的特点,指出建立数字化医学图书馆正是适应当前信息化发展的需求。     

网络环境下数字图书馆建设对我们提出的要求

与传统的图书馆相比，图书馆正在朝着数字化建设的方向发展，并在网络环境下，逐步实现向数字图书馆的转化，形成具有数字图书馆基本功能的技术手段，进行馆藏和特色文献的数字化处理，为网络用户提供数字化信息服务，在信息数字化建设中发挥主力军作用，逐步实现图书馆工作的历史性变革。国际互联网的普及和发展，为文献信息服务提供了一个全新的信息环境，它以空前的规模，将用户、信息资源和信息系统连接起来，支持一系列信息传递和信息服务，形成     

医院数字图书馆的建设

随着计算机技术、网络技术、高密度存贮技术、远程通讯技术的迅速发展,信息的采集、处理和传播发生了革命性的变化;世界各国在经济及高科技领域内的激烈竞争大大刺激了对相关信息的需求;因特网使大容量信息的高速传输成为可能,使人类迈入了信息资源高度共享的时代。图书馆这一传统的信息收集、整理、加工、提供服务的组织,必须采用一套新的技术方案,才能满足自己信息资源建设、服务用户的需要,提高生存能力和竞争能力。1.医院数字图书馆的信息资源建设内容数字图书馆的信息资源是一个有组织的、系统化的数字大集合。要建设数字化图书馆,应根…     

卫生信息数据集元数据规范的研究

目的 建立我国卫生信息数据集元数据规范,实现对医药卫生领域数据集的规范化描述.方法 ①分析卫生领域各类数据集的描述需求,把数据集需要描述的内容归纳为6个方面,并且分析元数据规范的不同使用需求;②使用子集、实体和元素的结构层次来组织元数据内容,并制定对元数据内容与规则进行定义和约束的方式;③使用摘要:表示的方式来表述元数据规范.结果 建立了包含核心元数据和参考元数据的卫生信息数据集元数据规范,由7个元数据子集构成.核心元数据包含18个元素或实体的核心元数据,参考元数据包含28个元数据元素或实体.结论 卫生信息数据集元数据规范将会促进卫生领域数据集的规范化描述,保证数据集的统一发布、管理与检索,以及数据资源的有效交流与使用.     

中国健康医疗大数据资源核心元数据研究

目的构建我国健康医疗大数据资源核心元数据方案,为健康医疗大数据资源的有效利用与管理提供信息标准支撑。方法以Rational rose为建模工具,构建健康医疗大数据资源核心元数据模型,并以摘要形式进行元数据的属性描述。结果健康医疗大数据资源核心元数据模型包含内容、表示、资源获取与共享、资源管理、资源责任方5个元数据实体和25个元数据元素。每个元数据实体和元数据元素通过中文名称、定义、英文名称、数据类型、值域等属性描述。结论健康医疗大数据核心元数据标准能够为海量信息资源管理提供信息标准支撑,促进资源的高效检索、识别、定位和利用。     

面向用户需求的医院数字图书馆资源组织

用户是数字图书馆真正的主体,用户的信息需求是数字图书馆资源组织的基础。本文对医院数字图书馆的用户类型和特点,用户信息需求的类型及特点进行分析,分述了不同类型用户的信息需求,并在此基础上,对医院数字图书馆的资源组织进行探讨。     

医院数字图书馆知识仓库模型的建立与应用

目的:在医院局域网络环境下建立基于Web的医院知识仓库模型,作为数字图书馆的基础架构,并将若干成熟的商品文献数据库与医院知识仓库本地资源等多种不同数据信息进行集成、传输、存储与管理,为医院临床医疗和科研提供信息服务。方法:使用SQL Server 2000数据库,实现结构化元数据信息存储和索引支持环境的建立,并结合Datatrans软件系统、CKNI的多媒体知识仓库建库管理系统(KD3.5)和多媒体知识网站管理系统(KW3.5)等工具软件支持,客户端采用IE V6.0或以上浏览器版本,通过Web访问数据库资源。结果:利用医院信息系统的基础网络通信资源,有效拓展了医院信息服务功能。结论:医院知识仓库平台的建立,不但实现了数字图书馆系统各种功能的集成,而且也促进了图书信息由被动服务向主动服务的转型,在单位时间内,服务对象所获取的信息量成倍增加。     

医院数字图书馆知识服务现状及发展分析

目的：通过开展对医院数字化图书馆知识服务现状及发展分析的研究,以优化我国医院图书馆知识服务.方法：按照医院数字图书馆知识服务定义与特点,分析医院在开展知识服务、建立数字图书馆中所取得的成绩、存在的问题以及未来的发展情况.结果：通过分析,提出了优化我国医院图书馆知识服务的策略与建议.结论：医院数字图书馆要适应未来网络化发展的要求,在实施知识服务的过程中,要不断完善信息资源建设,提高知识服务的质量,加强人才队伍建设及重视知识服务,不断提升医院数字图书馆的知识服务能力,促进知识服务持续发展.     

Le processus du vieillissement : longévité et alimentation

Ageing and the nutrition knew two great evolutions recently. First of all, progress of the genetics of ageing which showed the genetic control of longevity. In addition, the important corpus of knowledge accumulated in the field of the food restriction, one of the rare interventions not-genetics known to increase the longevity of the mammals. This type of food mode being associated with a reduction in pathologies related to the age. The conjunction of these two targets of research made it possible to discover at animal models, mainly invertebrate, the subjacent genetic mechanisms binding the level of food and longevity. The comprehension of these genetic mechanisms will make it possible to open therapeutic new prospects connected to the processes of ageing. From yeast to mammals, a certain number of homologous genetic ways were shown. This rise of knowledge brings a beam, always growing, of data showing that the nervous system power station plays a part crucial in the perception of the requirements out of food also in the invertebrates.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Ethical requirements for occupational health research--compliance arrangements for a single company in relation to a recent major nuclear industry study.

The media coverage given to occupational health studies in the field of ionizing radiation has, on occasion, been the cause of very real distress to radiation workers and their families. In response to this situation the Chief Medical Officers of the major UK nuclear companies developed an ethical policy for future involvement in research, based on the duty of care which researchers owe to a key customer of such studies: the worker. The policy consists of four principal elements: medical confidentiality; worker information; worker consent and the guarantee of the availability to the workers of pre-publication knowledge of the results. The policy issued in 1991/92 has achieved growing acceptance among researchers and medical journals, though the medical officers involved have been aware of some scepticism, particularly in relation to the practicalities of the dissemination of pre-publication information. The Record Linkage Study published in November 1997 marked a major piece of research work involving data from 120,000 radiation workers that had been carried out since the development of the policy. This paper reports on the successful compliance arrangements to meet the ethical requirements of that study within a single UK nuclear company, and is published to demonstrate that with commitment from researchers, the journal and occupational health staff such ethical requirements, and particularly the need for pre-publication information can be met in full.     

Les cellules endothéliales du tissu adipeux

The adipose tissue plays a major role in energy homeostasis through the storage and release of fatty acids as well as adipokine production. The endothelial cells of the adipose tissue vascular network constitute a barrier between the blood and the adipocyte compartments. They are key players in the metabolic status of the fat mass controlling the exchanges of nutrients, hormones, oxygen and immune-inflammatory cells. Recent data highlight the process of lipid handling at the endothelial cell surface and of the transendothelial transit of fatty acids. The extension of the vascular network and its functionality are necessary for the adipose tissue integrity. Insufficient oxygen supply generates hypoxic area within the tissue that favors metabolic abnormalities and the recruitment of immuno-inflammatory cells. The present review relates to the role of adipose tissue endothelial cells in the adipose tissue physiology. Their involvement and more particularly the role of accelerated ageing, in the link between obesity and associated metabolic and cardiovascular pathologies are described.     

The impact of needle-exchange programs on the spread of HIV among injection drug users: A simulation study

Objective. To determine the impact of the implementation of a needle-exchange program (NEP) on the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in an injection drug user (IDU) community. We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation study of a theoretical population of 10,000 IDUs. The population was followed monthly from 1984 to 2000. HIV was assumed to be transmitted only by needle sharing. The NEP was introduced in 1989 and evaluated over a period of 11 years. The impacts of the proportion of the population attending the NEP, the risk level of IDUs attending the NEP, the reduction in needle-sharing frequency, and the number of new needle-sharing partners acquired at the NEP on prevalence and incidence of HIV were determined. Increasing the proportion of the population who always attend the NEP and eliminating needle-sharing incidents among IDUs who always attended the NEP were the most effective ways of reducing the spread of HIV. Attracting high-risk users instead of lower risk users to the NEP also reduced the spread of HIV, but to a lesser extent. NEPs are effective at reducing the spread of HIV; even under the worst case scenario of low risk users more likely to attend the NEP, one additional partner per month as a result of attending the NEP, and poor NEP attendance, the estimated prevalence was still less than that from the scenario without an NEP. Under our model, NEPs were shown to reduce the spread of HIV significantly. Efforts should be focused on getting as many IDUs as possible to become regular NEP attenders and stop sharing needles rather than partially reducing the frequency of sharing by a larger number of IDUs.     

肥胖对中小学生生理机能与常见疾病的影响

目的 使用2009年、2012年、2015年3个年份的样本量来分析重庆地区在2009—2015年间的肥胖检出情况、肥胖对学生的身体机能和常见疾病的影响情况,为改善学生生理机能、降低相关疾病寻找依据和方法。方法 通过分析2009年、2012年、2015年重庆市学生体质健康监测的累加数据,观察肥胖对学生血压、肺活量、肺活量指数、视力等身体机能的影响以及对近视、龋齿等常见疾病的影响。结果 2009年、2012年、2015年学生累计样本数为202 235人,体质量指数为肥胖的学生9 529人,肥胖率为4.71%,其中男生肥胖率为5.79%,女生肥胖率为3.73%,男生肥胖率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=473.66,P<0.01);城市学生肥胖率为5.88%,乡村学生肥胖率为3.66%,城市学生肥胖率高于乡村学生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=551.30,P<0.01)。在生理功能方面,非肥胖组学生右眼视力、左眼视力、收缩压、舒张压、肺活量、肺活量指数均优于肥胖组学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肥胖组学生龋失补总牙数均值与非肥胖组学生比较,差值为-0.22颗/人,差异有统计学意义(t=-16.31,P<0.01);肥胖组与非肥胖组的龋齿检出率分别为13.43%和20.54%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=113.34,P<0.01);肥胖组近视检出率右眼左眼分别为57.45%、 57.00%,非肥胖组近视检出率右眼左眼分别为51.86%、51.47%,肥胖组近视检出率与非肥胖组近视检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2右眼=113.34,P<0.01;χ2左眼=109.11,P<0.01)。结论 2009年、2012年、2015年重庆市中小学生肥胖检出率均处于一个较低水平,肥胖表现出了显著的性别间、城乡间差异;肥胖易使学生视力降低、血压升高、肺功能储备降低。     

Obésité : que nous dit l’épidémiologie ?

In most developed and developing countries, a regular increase of the prevalence of obesity has been documented during the last decade(s) of the xxth century. The last figure from the USA is for the first time discordant with this general trend by showing a clear slowing down since year 2000. In children likewise, a rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity took place in the second half of the xxth century but recent publications from France, Switzerland, UK, USA also report a stabilization of childhood overweight and obesity prevalences. The experience of developing countries clearly shows the impact of socioeconomic status improvement and urbanization on the prevalence of obesity. In developed countries like France, a striking element was the diffuse nature of the adult obesity epidemic observed from the 1990s. The general improvement of living conditions after the Second World War probably explains the diffuse nature of the epidemics. Specifically, the changes in the nutritional status of children that happened at that time have long lasting consequences for adult obesity epidemics. Indeed, a new current in epidemiology, lifecourse epidemiology, has prompted over the past decade a new approach of the pathophysiology of chronic diseases, including obesity. Lifecourse epidemiology considers factors affecting the susceptibility to diseases over the whole life with critical periods during developmental phases. Critical periods for the susceptibility to obesity have been documented in prenatal life, during the first 6 months of postnatal life and from 3 years on starting at the time of the adiposity rebound. Parental obesity is involved at each of the critical periods. The transgenerational transmission of obesity is explained by genetic factors, shared lifestyle but also epigenetics especially during the early developmental periods. The slowing down of the childhood obesity epidemics observed in several developed countries may signal that factors affecting the early susceptibility to obesity have recently changed.     

The prevalence of work-related upper limb disorders in a printing factory

The association between problems of the upper limb and the workplaceis complex. A large printing manufacturer in the North Westof England sought the advice of both a surgeon, specializingin problems of the upper limb and an ergonomist in an attemptto control the frequency of these abnormalities amongst itsworkforce. The prevalence of these problems prior to and afterthe introduction of a number of recommendations was collatedand the results are discussed. Effectively the introductionof sensible and sympathetic modifications to the workplace appearedto reduce the number of upper limb disorders.     

Occupational Health Services in Manufacturing Industries in Nigeria

The provision of adequate health care facilities to cater forthe health of workers is an important consideration in the managementof manufacturing industries, since productivity is dependenton the health status of the workers. There are very few studiesevaluating the health care provision in Nigerian industries.This study elucidates such health care services in Edo and DeltaStates of Nigeria. One hundred and thirty-five (56%) of the241 registered manufacturing industries in Edo and Delta Statesof Nigeria were randomly selected and investigated. The responserate was 91.1% and the result showed that the medical staffcomprised 2.5% of the total workforce, with the large scaleindustries contributing the highest proportion of these. Fourpoint five per cent of the medical staff had formal trainingin occupational health and 15.6% of them visited the factoryshop floor. The doctor:staff ratio in the medium and large scaleindustries were 1:819 and 1:618 respectively. It was found thatall the industries used the health care facilities providedby the government, there were no clinics in all the small scaleindustries and group practice was not used by any of the industriesstudied. Pre-employment medical examinations were carried outin each of the groups of industries (100%, 39.4% and 5%) respectively,as were periodic medical examinations during employment, althoughto a lesser extent (100%, 13.2%, 0%) for the large, medium andsmall scale industries respectively. These finding suggest theavailability of a reasonable standard of health care provisionfor large scale industries and somewhat less availability formedium and small scale industries. Health education of boththe employers of labour, and the employees and the enforcementof existing laws are needed to improve the existing standardof occupational health services.     

Appraisal standards in occupational medicine

Following a series of serious misdemeanours by British doctors, the General Medical Council (GMC) has introduced a system of re-licensing called 'revalidation'. Annual medical appraisal forms an important cornerstone of the proposed system, but specific guidance is lacking on the content of appraisal for occupational physicians, and the kinds of evidence that they might bring to critical reviews of performance. Two educational bodies, the Revalidation Committee of the Faculty of Occupational Medicine, Royal College of Physicians and the Education Panel of the Society of Occupational Medicine, have jointly developed a set of recommendations on appraisal to further the process. In this paper we summarize the background and present the guidelines promulgated by the Faculty and the Society.