早期神经梅毒的临床研究

目的比较几种诊断方法对无症状神经梅毒的诊断意义。方法选择32例病期大于1年的潜伏梅毒、复发梅毒、血清RPR持续阳性的无神经症状的梅毒患者抽取脑脊液并进行脑脊液（CFS）白细胞和蛋白常规和梅毒实验室试验（VDRL）、梅毒血清快速反应素试验（RPR）、荧光密螺旋体抗体（TPPA）检测并进行统计学分析。结果32例梅毒患者CFS五项检测，有21例出现阳性，其中5项全部阳性有1例，3项阳性4例，2项阳性4例，1项阳性12倒；常规检测发现7例异常（21.88％），其中3例（9％）蛋白和5例（16％）白细胞升高，5例（16％）VDRL阳性患者同时出现RPR和TPPA阳性，7例（22％）RPR阳性患者同时出现TPPA阳性，17例（53％）TPPA阳性有10例其它4项皆为阴性。结论病期大于1年复发梅毒、血清RPR持续阳性患者其脑脊液存在异常，可能存在无症状神经梅毒，应及早采取神经梅治疗。     

N/LPR对AECOPD患者28天死亡预测价值研究

目的 探讨中性粒细胞计数与淋巴细胞和血小板计数比值（N/LPR）对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）患者28天死亡预测价值。方法 选择2018年2月~2020年10月在我院就诊的169例AECOPD患者病例资料进行研究。收集患者性别、年龄等一般资料及入组时中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、血小板计数,并分别计算中性粒细胞计数与淋巴细胞计数比值（NLR）及N/LPR。根据28天生存情况将患者分为生存组与死亡组,比较两组患者一般资料及实验室检查指标。并以ROC分析法评估NLR及N/LPR对AECOPD患者28天生存情况的预测价值。结果 纳入的169例AECOPD患者中28天内死亡35例。两组患者性别、年龄、慢阻肺病程、吸烟史、饮酒史及并发脓毒症例数比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。死亡组中性粒细胞计数、NLR、N/LPR及APACHEⅡ评分、PaCO2均高于生存组,淋巴细胞计数、血小板计数、PaO2均低于生存组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。相关性分析结果显示,中性粒细胞计数、NLR、N/LPR、PaCO2与APACHEⅡ评分均呈正相关（均P＜0.05）,淋巴细胞计数、血小板计数、PaO2与APACHEⅡ评分均呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。NLR对AECOPD患者28天死亡最佳预测截断值为14.28,敏感度为71.42%,特异度为78.36%,曲线下面积（AUC）低于N/LPR(0.766,95%CI：0.691~0.842 vs 0.916,95%CI：0.869~0.963);当最佳预测截断值为17.13时,敏感度为85.71%,特异度为86.57%。结论 N/LPR可用于AECOPD患者的28天死亡预测,且其预测价值较NLR更高。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值、血小板与淋巴细胞比值和血小板与中性粒细胞比值对大动脉粥样硬化型进展性缺血性脑卒中的预测价值

目的 探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）和血小板与中性粒细胞比值（PNR）对大动脉粥样硬化型进展性缺血性脑卒中（PIS）的预测价值。方法 回顾性收集2021年1月至12月山西省汾阳医院收治的327例大动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死患者的临床资料,根据72 h内病情是否发生进展分为PIS组（56例）和非PIS组（271例）。比较两组一般资料,探讨PIS的影响因素,并评估NLR、PLR和PNR对PIS的预测价值。结果 PIS组入院收缩压、舒张压,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分,白细胞计数,中性粒细胞计数,NLR,PLR高于非PIS组,淋巴细胞计数和PNR低于非PIS组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。NLR(OR=1.150,95%CI:1.048～1.261,P=0.003)、PLR(OR=1.006,95%CI:1.002～1.009,P=0.002)和PNR(OR=0.978,95%CI:0.958～0.997,P=0.024)是PIS的独立影响因素。NLR预测PIS的受试者操作特征曲线（ROC）曲线下面积为0.707(95%CI:0....     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与2型糖尿病肾病的相关性探讨

目的探究中性粒细胞/ 淋巴细胞比值（NLR）与2 型糖尿病肾病的相关性。方法回顾性分析2010 年1 月-2015 年12 月该院的2 型糖尿病肾病患者306 例患者的临床资料,分析中性粒细胞/ 淋巴细胞比值、年龄、性别、病程、体重指数、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞计数、血肌酐、血尿素氮、血尿酸、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白等指标和2 型糖尿病肾病的相关性。结果Person相关性分析显示NLR和24 h微量白蛋白尿呈正相关（r =0.868,p =0.012）,Logistic回归分析显示NLR是2 型糖尿病肾病的危险因素[OR =2.955,（95%CI：1.445,3.854）,p =0.022]。结论NLR 是2 型糖尿病肾病的危险因素,临床工作中应重视NLR 异常变化的2 型糖尿病患者。     

中性粒⁃淋巴细胞比值对急性脑梗死患者颅内外动脉狭窄的预测研究

目的：探讨中性粒?淋巴细胞比值（neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR）对急性脑梗死患者颅内外动脉狭窄的预测价值,为急性脑梗死颅内外动脉狭窄的预测和防治提供参考。方法：采用回顾性分析,纳入南京医科大学第一附属医院神经内科住院的患者共145例,根据颅内外动脉狭窄情况分成2组,其中颅内外动脉狭窄率<50%为对照组,95例;狭窄率≥50%为狭窄组,50例。收集基线资料及血液检测指标并进行统计分析。结果：急性脑梗死患者狭窄组年龄、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、NLR水平高于对照组（P < 0.05）,淋巴细胞计数狭窄组低于对照组（P < 0.05）;Logistic回归显示,NLR为急性脑梗死患者颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的危险因素（OR=1.492,P < 0.001）;ROC曲线分析显示,白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、三因素联合指标及NLR的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.658、0.718、0.631、0.725和0.739,NLR最佳诊断值为2.23。结论：NLR对急性脑梗死患者颅内外动脉狭窄具有一定的预测作用。     

原发性高血压患者血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与微量白蛋白尿的关系

目的 探索在原发性高血压人群中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与微量白蛋白尿(MAU)的相关性,并与传统预测因子同型半胱氨酸及超敏C反应蛋白对MAU的诊断价值进行比较.方法 收集2012年11月至2014年10月大连医科大学附属第一医院高血压科住院的原发性高血压患者222例,分为原发性高血压组(n=121)与原发性高血压合并微量白蛋白尿组(n =101).记录各组性别、年龄、身高、体重、吸烟史、他汀类药物与血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂类药物应用史、血压;入院次日晨收集尿及空腹血,测量尿微量白蛋白、尿肌酐及血常规、血脂、血清同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白、血清肌酐.计算体重指数、尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值、肌酐清除率及血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值.结果 原发性高血压组与原发性高血压合并蛋白尿组的收缩压、舒张压、血清同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白、血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值比较有统计学差异[(166.16±20.24) vs.(175.24±20.25) mmHg;(104.56±12.74) vs.(109.99±16.35) mmHg;(0.84±0.15) vs.(0.92±0.10) μmol/L;(1.08±1.05) vs.(3.04±6.91)mg/L;(1.78±0.80)vs.(1.29±0.36);均P＜0.05].血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值呈正相关(r=0.260,P=0.000),且为微量白蛋白尿的独立危险因素;Logistics多元回归分析提示,其与微量白蛋白尿的相关系数小于血清同型半胱氨酸,但明显大于超敏C反应蛋白.结论 NLR升高可能是高血压患者出现微量白蛋白尿的独立危险因素;其与微量白蛋白尿的相关性可能弱于血清同型半胱氨酸,但明显强于超敏C反应蛋白.     

哮喘患者外周血血小板-淋巴细胞比值和中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值的临床意义

目的：探讨外周血中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值（neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, NLR）和血小板-淋巴细胞比值（platelet-lymphocyte ratio, PLR）在支气管哮喘急性发作期患者中的变化及临床意义。方法选取2013年1月~2016年5月期间确诊的支气管哮喘急性发作期患者262例为病例组及130例健康体检者为正常对照组。根据其急性发作期病情严重程度,将哮喘患者分为危重组87例、非危重组175例。记录病例组和健康对照组性别、年龄等临床资料和血常规结果,并计算NLR和PLR。比较3组间中性粒细胞绝对值、淋巴细胞绝对值、血小板计数、NLR、PLR的差异,以ROC曲线评价各指标对哮喘的诊断价值。结果各组间中性粒细胞绝对值、淋巴细胞绝对值、NLR、PLR差异具有统计学意义（P<0.0001）,各组血小板计数差异无统计学意义（P=0.971）。哮喘危重组淋巴细胞绝对值低于哮喘非危重组、健康对照组（P<0.0001）,而中性粒细胞绝对值、NLR、PLR显著高于哮喘危重组、健康对照组（P<0.0001）。哮喘非危重组中性粒细胞绝对值、淋巴细胞绝对值、NLR、PLR与健康对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。中性粒细胞绝对值、淋巴细胞绝对值、NLR、PLR对支气管哮喘急性发作期危重患者诊断的曲线下面积分别为0.802、0.784、0.873、0.795（均P<0.01）。NLR诊断支气管哮喘急性发作期危重患者的最佳临界值为2.58,敏感度为82.8%,特异度为81.1%。结论支气管哮喘患者外周血NLR、PLR均升高,对支气管哮喘的诊断和病情监测有一定临床指导意义。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值在颅内出血患者预后判断中的临床价值

目的 探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）对颅内出血患者预后判断的临床价值。方法 选择2013年1月至2014年8月在海军军医大学（第二军医大学）长海医院住院治疗的患者226例,其中首次颅内出血患者126例、高血压患者100例（对照）。分析颅内出血患者和高血压患者的白细胞（WBC）、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞计数并计算NLR。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估颅内出血预后的判断指标,运用多因素logistic回归模型分析颅内出血的预后影响因素。结果 颅内出血患者的WBC计数和NLR高于高血压患者（P均<0.01）。与改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分为0～2分的颅内出血患者（94例）相比,mRS评分为3～6分颅内出血患者（32例）的WBC计数（P<0.05）、中性粒细胞计数（P<0.01）和NLR（P<0.01）更高。大体积血肿（≥30 mL）颅内出血患者（42例）中性粒细胞计数和NLR高于小体积血肿（<30 mL）患者（84例,P均<0.05）。ROC曲线评估结果显示,NLR的临界值为3.001时,预测颅内出血预后的灵敏度为64.5%,特异度为83.3%。多因素logistic回归模型分析显示NLR是颅内出血预后的独立预测因子。结论 NLR可能是预测作为颅内出血预后的有价值的生物标志物。     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对急性胰腺炎并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征的预测价值

目的 探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）在急性胰腺炎（AP）并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）中的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析2015年10月—2018年2月山西省人民医院收治符合入组标准的93例确诊为急性胰腺炎（AP）患者的临床资料。根据2012年ARDS柏林标准,按是否发生ARDS分为ARDS阳性组和ARDS阴性组,观察两组患者临床指标、生化指标及NLR。采用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线和Logistic回归分析评估NLR、白细胞计数（WBC）对AP并发ARDS的预测价值。结果 93例符合标准的患者,其中ARDS阳性组18例,ARDS阴性组75例。两组患者WBC、中性粒细胞计数（ANC）、淋巴细胞计数（ALC）、NLR、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值（LMR）及心率的比较,差异有统计学意义（P?<0.05）。ROC曲线下最佳临界值为：NLR 15.43、WBC 17.05×109/L,ROC曲线下面积分别为NLR 0.948、WBC 0.869,联合检测为0.955。NLR和WBC串联检测时预测AP发生ARDS的特异性最高,为100%;NLR和WBC并联检测时预测AP发生ARDS的敏感性最高为是88.9%（误诊率11.1%）。结论 NLR、WBC与AP并发ARDS密切相关,且两者联合检测对早期预测AP并发ARDS的特异性和敏感性最高。     

中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值是预测结直肠肿瘤良恶性的有用指标

目的：探究中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板-淋巴细胞比值(PLR)预测结直肠肿瘤良恶性的价值。方法：本研究回顾了2020年1月至2021年8月在武汉大学中南医院诊治的结直肠息肉、结直肠癌患者以及行胃肠镜检查无异常的健康人群，最终纳入337例人群资料，包括正常人群75例，腺癌患者78例，腺瘤患者184例（管状腺瘤患者134例，绒毛管状腺瘤50例），分析NLR与PLR水平与结直肠肿瘤的良恶性之间的关系。结果：腺癌组NLR、PLR水平显著高于腺瘤组，差异有统计学意义（均为P<0.001）,NLR诊断腺癌与腺瘤最佳取值为2.29,NLR曲线下面积为0.743(0.679～0.807)，敏感度为65.4%，特异度为73.4%。绒毛管状腺瘤的NLR水平高于管状腺瘤组（P<0.05）。结论：中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值是预测结直肠肿瘤良恶性的有用指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.