肝病患者血清肉碱水平的临床研究

目的观察肝病患者血清肉碱水平,探讨其临床意义,为肉碱治疗肝病提供依据。方法用酶循环法检测25例急性病毒性肝炎,34例慢性病毒性肝炎,22例肾功能正常及9例肾功能异常的肝炎后肝硬化患者血清游离肉碱水平,并分别与40名正常人的检测值比较。结果血清游离肉碱:正常人为(48．3±10．2)μmol／L;急性病毒性肝炎患者为(35．2±13．2)μmol／L,明显低于正常对照组,P=0．000。慢性病毒性肝炎患者为(36．5±9．9) μmol／L,明显低于正常对照组,P=0．000。肾功能正常的肝炎后肝硬化患者为(45．0±11．0)μmol／L,比正常对照组略有下降,但差异无统计学意义,P=0．232。肾功能异常的肝炎后肝硬化患者为(83．6±50.4)μmol／L,比正常对照组升高,但差异无统计学意义,P=0．069。结论肝病患者可发生肉碱代谢异常,肝脏疾病是导致继发性肉碱缺乏的原因之一。     

内镜治疗肝硬化合并胆总管结石的临床研究

目的探讨内镜治疗肝硬化合并胆总管结石的疗效及安全性。方法104例肝硬化合并胆总管结石患者行内镜治疗,对比术前、术后2周肝功能Child．Pugh分级和终末期肝病积分（MELD积分）,记录并发症发生情况及死亡病例数。结果104例患者中96例（92．3％）完全取出结石,8例（7．7％）未取出结石者放置支架内引流。术后2周MELD积分为（10．1±6．3）分,明显低于术前的（11．9±6．2）分（t=2．22,P〈0．05）;术后2周肝功能Child—Pugh分级例数比（A级／B缈C级）为40／52／12,明显优于术前的28／52／24（X2=6．12,P〈0．05）。内镜治疗过程中无一例穿孔,发生术后消化道出血9例、术后胰腺炎8例;住院期间无死亡病例,出院后3个月内有2例（8．3％）Child—Pugh分级C级患者死亡。结论内镜治疗肝硬化合并胆总管结石有较好疗效,采取有效的预防和止血等措施后是安全可行的。     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影治疗十二指肠乳头憩室合并胆总管结石的临床价值

回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年12月在蚌埠市第三人民医院接受ERCP取石治疗的171例十二指肠乳头憩室合并胆总管结石的患者资料。患者均成功完成ERCP取石治疗,平均手术时间（35.6±7.9）min,平均插管时间（6.5±2.1）min,插管成功率100％。167例患者取净结石,一次取石成功率 97.7％（167／171）。7例（4.1％）患者术中出血,1例（0.6％）患者发生迟发性出血;术中及术后无一例患者发生穿孔;3例（1.8％）患者术后发生急性胰腺炎。术后随访时间12～24个月,随访期间,所有患者健康生存,无严重并发症发生。ERCP治疗十二指肠乳头憩室伴胆总管结石安全有效。     

生长抑素及其类似物在预防胆总管结石内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎中的作用

目的 探讨生长抑素及其类似物预防胆总管结石内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）术后胰腺炎的作用。方法188例胆总管结石患者随机分为思他宁组62例、善宁组63例及对照组63例。思他宁组患者于ERCP术前15min给予思他宁250μg加入5％葡萄糖250ml中缓慢静滴，ERCP术后继续用思他宁250g加入5％葡萄糖静滴维持12h。善宁组分别于术前30min、术后即刻及术后8h皮下注射善宁0．1mg。对照组患者仅给予5％葡萄糖500ml静滴。ERCP术前、术后4h及24h查血清淀粉酶并观察有无急性胰腺炎的临床表现。结果思他宁组及善宁组术后4h血清淀粉酶分别为（231-±24）IU／L、（208±29）IU／L，两者比较差异无统计学意义，但均低于对照组（502±31）IU／L，P〈0．05；术后24h分别为（207±14）IU／L和（243±25）IU／L、234±22IU／L，三组差异无统计学意义，P〉0．05。术后至4h、24h，思他宁组分别有16例（25．81％）、9例（14．51％）发生高淀粉酶血症；有1例（1．61％）发生急性胰腺炎，无重症胰腺炎发生；善宁组分别有18例（28．57％）、9例（14．28％）发生高淀粉酶血症；有1例（1．58％）发生急性胰腺炎，无重症胰腺炎发生；对照组分别有33例（52．38％）、19例（30．15％）发生高淀粉酶血症；6例（9．52％）发生急性胰腺炎，其中重症胰腺炎1例；思他宁组及善宁组均低于对照组，（均P〈0．05）。结论生长抑素及其类似物可预防ERCP术后淀粉酶升高及胰腺炎的发生。     

胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ和各型肝病关系的研究

探讨胰岛素样生长因子１（ＩＧＦ－１）在各型肝病患者中的变化规律。用放射免疫法测定２３１例肝病患者及 ６３例正常人的血清 ＩＧＦ－１含量。急性肝炎（６４０．２９± ７３．６０）ｎｇ／ｍｌ，慢性轻度肝炎（５３９．６５± ９６．５５）ｎｇ／ｍｌ，慢性中度肝炎（５１２．６５±６９．５７）ｎｇ／ｍｌ，慢性重度及重症肝炎（３２４．７１±１６３．２７）ｎｇ／ｍｌ，失代偿期肝硬化（１６１．３５±８５．２９）ｎｇ／ｍｌ，原发性肝癌（１６．９１± ９６．５２）ｎｇ／ｍｌ，正常对照（３０２．２６± ８３．２９）ｎｇ／ｍｌ。除慢性重度重症肝炎外；其余各型肝病的ＩＧＦ－１含量与正常比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。肝硬化及肝癌患者的ＩＧＦ—１水平明显低于正常（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＩＧＦ－１是在肝脏病变的发展过程中判断肝细胞功能不良的重要指标。检测ＩＧＦ－１对肝病患者尤其是判别肝硬化是否停止进展的预后估计有一定作用。     

数字连接试验检测肝病患者亚临床肝性脑病的研究

目的 以数字连接试验(NCT)检测慢性肝病尤其是病毒性肝炎患者的亚临床肝性脑病(SHE)发病率，以了解肝功能与SHE的关系。方法 对177例慢性肝病进行NCT检测。结果 慢性肝病患者的NCT异常率31．1％(55／177)，病毒性肝炎患者的NCT异常率29．7％(47／158)；肝功损害轻度及重症肝炎时，肝硬化组与非肝硬化组的NCT异常率无差别，肝功损害中度和重度时，肝硬化组的异常率高于非肝硬化组，且有显著性差异；肝功分级间的SHE发病率无差异；男女间的NCT异常率无差别。结论肝病病人出现智力障碍与肝功损害及肝硬化的门体分流都有关，而与病因无关；肝功损害程度与SHE的发生率末显示线性关系。     

抗病毒治疗促进失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化再代偿研究进展

慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者出现肝硬化后,肝病继续进展,可能发生失代偿或肝细胞癌(HCC)。早期研究表明, 失代偿期肝硬化患者肝移植率、病死率和HCC发生率更高,预后通常更差。抗病毒治疗能够有效抑制乙型肝炎病毒 （HBV）复制,改善失代偿期肝硬化患者的肝功能并提高生存率,甚至实现再代偿（recompensation）,从而提高患者的 生活质量、减轻经济负担,延长患者无移植生存时间。     

内镜下乳头括约肌小切开联合球囊扩张术治疗肝硬化合并胆总管结石的疗效观察

目的评价内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌小切开联合球囊扩张术（ESBD）治疗肝硬化合并胆总管结石的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性对比分析79例接受ESBD治疗（ESBD组）和42例接受十二指肠乳头球囊扩张术（EPBD）治疗（EPBD组）的肝硬化合并胆总管结石患者的结石清除情况和并发症发生情况。结果ESBD组结石完全清除率和一次性完全清除率分别为94．9％（75／79）和77．2％（61／79）,EPBD组分别为88．1％（37／42）和59．5％（25／42）,ESBD组结石完全清除率略高于EPBD组（P=0．317）,但结石一次性完全清除率明显高于EPBD组（P=0．041）。ESBD组发生ERCP相关性出血3例（3．8％）,术后高淀粉酶血症3例（3．8％）,术后急性胰腺炎2例（2．5％）;EPBD组未发生ERCP相关性出血,发生术后高淀粉酶血症8例（19．0％）、术后急性胰腺炎6例（14．3％）。2组比较,ERCP相关性出血发生率差异无统计学意义（P=0．551）,但ESBD组术后高淀粉酶血症和术后急性胰腺炎发生率均明显低于EPBD组（P〈0．05）。结论ESBD治疗肝硬化合并胆总管结石安全有效,能提高EPBD的取石效果,减少术后高淀粉酶血症和急性胰腺炎的发生,并且不会明显增加ERCP相关性出血风险。     

单纯经内镜乳头球囊扩张术治疗胆总管结石的价值

目的初步研究单纯经内镜乳头球囊扩张术治疗胆总管结石的安全性和有效性。方法根据入选标准和排除标准,共纳入南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁市人民医院2017年1月—2018年12月期间住院的胆总管结石患者60例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为单纯经内镜乳头球囊扩张取石组(EPBP组,n=30)及经内镜乳头括约肌小切开联合球囊扩张取石组(ESBD组,n=30)。比较经内镜取石时间、X线暴露时间、一次性取石率、碎石率及术后急性胰腺炎发生率、术中及术后出血率等指标。结果EPBD组和ESBD组取石时间[（8.5±2.4）min 比（7.8±2.1）min, P=0.14]、X线暴露时间[（21.8±5.2）min 比 （19.7±6.3） min, P=0.11]相比,差异均无统计学意义。两组患者均一次性取完结石,无需要碎石器病例。两组ERCP术后急性胰腺炎发生率均为（6.67%,2/30）。EPBD组和ESBD组术中出血率[3.33%（1/30）比 10.00%（3/30）,P=0.042]、术后出血率[0 比 3.33%（1/30）,P=0.035]相比,差异均有统计学意义。两组均未发生其他近期并发症。结论单纯经内镜乳头球囊扩张术治疗胆总管结石安全、有效。     

影响酒精性肝病预后的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响酒精性肝病预后的危险因素。方法回顾调查141例住院酒精性肝病(包括酒精性肝炎及酒精性肝硬化)患者各种可能影响预后的因素,包括年龄、酒精总摄入量、体质指数(BMI)、AST/ALT比值、GGT、LDH,分析上述各种因素与肝功能受损程度(酒精性肝炎、肝硬化Child-Pugh分级A、B及C)间的关系。结果①酒精性肝炎患者年龄及酒精摄入总量均显著低于酒精性肝硬化患者(P<0.01及P<0.05),但在酒精性肝硬化Child-Pugh各级间无显著差异(P>0.05)。②酒精性肝炎与肝硬化Child-Pugh A级患者间(P>0.05)、酒精性肝硬化Child-Pugh B级与C级患者间的BMI无显著差异(P>0.05),但酒精性肝炎与酒精性肝硬化Child-Pugh A级患者BMI显著高于酒精性肝硬化Child-Pugh B级及C级患者(P<0.05)。③AST/ALT比值与肝功能受损程度呈正相关(r=0.9752,P<0.01)。④LDH水平与肝功能受损程度呈正相关(r=0.9797,P<0.01)。⑤GGT水平在各组间均无显著性差异。结论患者年龄、BMI、酒精总摄入量、AST/ALT比值及LDH均与酒精性肝病的严重程度有一定关系,其中AST/ALT比值及LDH水平可较好地用于评估酒精性肝病患者的预后。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.