Shen (Kidney)-Tonifying Principle for Primary Osteoporosis: to Treat Both the Disease and the Chinese Medicine Syndrome

Primary osteoporosis (POP) is one of the most common diseases in the elderly people resulting in high risk of fracture and poor quality of life. In addition to the pathological changes in bone mass, most of the POP patients also suffer from Chinese medicine (CM) syndromes of Shen (Kidney) essence deficiency. Shen essences are highly related to bone. Shen essence deficiency plays an important part in the development of POP and a better diagnosis of POP could be made by combining CM syndromes with Western medicine risk factors. Treatments of POP should aim at both increasing the bone mass and relieving the syndromes of Shen essence deficiency. Clinical study confirmed that treating POP patients with Shen-tonifying herbs could increase the bone mass and relieve the CM syndromes of POP patients. Basic researches clarified the mechanism by which Shen-tonifying herbs increased bone mass in animal models. The mechanisms by which Shen-tonifying herbs relieve the CM syndromes are still in investigation.     

The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra of the Key Organs Derived from Kidney（Shen）-Yang Deficiency Syndrome Mice

Objective：To explore an approach to rapidly and accurately identify the compounds as biomarkers of Chinese medicine（CM）syndromes.Method：The Fourier transform infrared（FT-IR）spectrometry was applied to investigate the characteristic components of a mice model of Kidney（Shen）-yang deficiency syndrome（KDS）,and the remedial effect of a typical CM formula Shenqi Pill（肾气丸）.Thirty-six females and 18 males of Balb/c mice were randomly divided into KDS,Shenqi or control group.The females and males of the same group freely were mated for 96 h,and the males were taken out and only the female mice were raised.Females of the KDS group were threatened by a ferocious cat every other day for 14 d.After delivery,the KDS,or gestational threatened,offspring were raised at standard condition for 11 weeks.Then 10 male offspring were randomly selected,anaesthetized and their representative organs,i.e.testes,kidneys,lungs and feet were collected,for the FT-IR scan.Mice of the Shenqi group were intragastric administered Shenqi Pill;while mice in the KDS and control groups were given the same volume of saline.Results：The attenuated birth outcomes of the KDS group were displayed.The remarkable FT-IR differences of all organs between KDS mice and healthy control were mainly at 1,735-1,745 cm-1（indicating the increased levels of lipids）and at 1,640-1,647 cm-1and 1,539-1,544 cm-1（displaying the decreased proteins）.No statistic FT-IR difference between Shenqi and control mice was observed.Conclusion：In accordance with major traits of KDS,prenatal stress extensively impaired the building up of proteins and resulting in the excessive lipid storage,and FT-IR could effectively identify the biomarkers of KDS.     

Essence of "Shen (Kidney) Controlling Bones": Conceptual Analysis Based on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-Osteo-Related Cells Axis

As a traditional concept of Chinese medicine (CM), the theory of “Shen (Kidney) controlling bones” has been gradually proven. And in modern allopathic medicine, the multiple mechanisms of bone growth, development and regeneration align with the theory. Shen deficiency as a pathological condition has a negative effect on the skeleton of body, specifically the disorder of bone homeostasis. Present studies indicate that Shen deficiency shares a common disorder characterized by dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. HPA axis may be an important regulator of bone diseases with abnormal homeostasis. Therefore, we posit the existence of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-osteo-related cells axis: cells that comprise bone tissue (osteo-related cells) are targets under the regulation of HPA axis in disorder of bone homeostasis. Chinese herbs for nourishing Shen have potential in the development of treatments for disorder of bone homeostasis.     

电针补益肾精法对围绝经期大鼠脑保护作用的实验研究

目的 观察电针补益肾精法和雌激素补充对去势大鼠脑缺血损伤后体内SOD、MDA及caspase-3的影响,比较这2种预处理方法对去势大鼠的脑保护作用。方法 将60只SD雌性大鼠随机分为4组,分别为假手术组、单纯去势组、雌激素预处理组、电针预处理组。除假手术组外,其余3组均行双侧卵巢切除(OVX)处理复制围绝经期大鼠模型,之后进行相关操作。电针预处理组大鼠以补益肾精为法,选“关元”及双侧“三阴交”进行针刺;雌激素预处理组给予苯甲酸雌二醇(0.15 mg/kg)肌内注射;所有4组均给予相同的捆绑处理,时间同电针预处理组。治疗结束后24 h,予4组大鼠脑缺血处理制备大脑中动脉缺血（MCAO）模型,缺血2 h后予再灌注处理,24 h后,处死大鼠,采血并取出脑组织,行NSS评分,并计算脑梗死体积,测定标本内E₂、SOD、MDA及caspase-3的含量。结果 电针预处理组血液及脑组织SOD含量显著高于雌激素预处理组（P<0.05）,MDA含量显著低于雌激素预处理组（P<0.05）,caspase-3含量2组间无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论 电针补益肾精法对围绝经期大鼠有脑保护的作用。     

Effects of Electroacupuncture on Expression of PI3K/Akt/Foxo3a in Granulosa Cells from Women with Shen (Kidney) Deficiency Syndrome Undergoing in vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) on reproductive outcomes in women with Shen(Kidndy) deficiency syndrome after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET),and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.Methods: Sixty-six infertile patients with Shen de?ciency syndrome undergoing IVF-ET were divided into EA or control groups according to a random table,33 cases in each group.Before undergoing IVF,patients in the EA and control groups received EA therapy and placebo needle puncture,respectively,for 3 menstrual cycles.Shen de?ciency syndrome scores were assessed.Other outcome measures included the number of retrieved oocytes and fertilization,high-quality embryo and clinical pregnancy rates.Follicular ?uid was collected on the day of oocyte retrieval,and granulosa cell expression of phosphatidylinositide3-kinases(PI3 K),serine-threonine kinase(Akt) and forkhead box O3(Foxo3 a) m RNA were measured by reverse transcribed and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Syndrome scores for pre-versus post-treatments decreased significantly(16.53±1.75 to 8.67±1.61) in the EA group(P0.05),but showed no signi?cant change in the control group(17.18±1.58 to 14.74±1.58).A signi?cant difference in score change was found between the EA and control groups(P0.05).High-quality embryo and clinical pregnancy rates were both increased in the EA group compared with the control group [69.15%(195/282) vs.60.27%(176/292) and 66.67%(22/33) vs.42.42%(14/33),respectively,P0.05].The fertilization rate was equivalent in EA and control groups.No difference was found in the number of retrieved oocytes between the two groups.Granulosa cell expression levels of PI3 K and Akt m RNA were signi?cantly increased in the EA group compared with the control group,while the expression of Foxo3 a was reduced(all P0.05).Conclusions: For infertile patients with Shen de?ciency syndrome undergoing IVF,EA for tonifying Shen as an adjunct treatment may alleviate clinical symptoms and improve the high-quality embryo rate.The EA-induced mechanism may involve regulation of PI3 K/Akt/Foxo3 a expression in granulosa cells to improve the developmental microenvironment of oocytes and inhibit granulosa cell apoptosis,possibly contributing to the improved clinical pregnancy rate(Registration No.Chi CTR 1800016217).     

Strategies for Activating Blood Circulation-Regulating Gan (Liver)-Tonifying Shen (Kidney) Sequential Therapy of Endometriosis-Associated Infertility

Endometriosis (EM) is a major cause of infertility and has a complex pathogenesis, which brings severe challenges in both clinical treatment and scientific research. Current clinical research focuses on the difficult problem of improving the pregnancy rate of EM patients. Our studies found that Chinese medicine has significant advantages in terms of improving the pregnancy rate of EM patients.     

滋补肾精方对肾精亏虚证小鼠IGF-1、IGFBP-3影响研究

目的：观察滋补肾精方对肾精亏虚证小鼠IGF-1、IGFBP-3表达影响,并探讨其补肾填精作用机理。方法：将50只小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、金匮肾气丸组以及滋补肾精方高、低剂量组。除正常组外,其余4组造模同时模型组灌胃生理盐水（0．02mL·g-1）、金匮肾气丸组灌胃金匮肾气丸混悬液（2．7g·kg-1·d-1）,滋补肾精方高、低剂量组分别灌胃滋补肾精方（20、10g·kg-1·d-1）,连续21d。观察小鼠一般情况,称量小鼠体重,实验结束测定肝组织胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）和血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3（IGFBP-3）含量。结果：滋补肾精方能够改善小鼠肾精亏虚症状,提高小鼠体质量、肝组织IGF-1和血清IGFBP-3水平。结论：滋补肾精方可能通过调节机体IGF-1、IGFBP-3,发挥对肾精亏虚证的治疗作用。     

肾络宁对IgA肾病大鼠肾间质细胞外基质代谢的影响

[目的]通过复制免疫球蛋白A肾病(IgAN)大鼠模型,探讨肾络宁对IgAN大鼠肾间质细胞外基质(ECM)代谢的影响。[方法]口服并定时尾静脉注射牛血清白蛋白,复合葡萄球菌肠毒素感染的方法复制IgAN模型,同时给予肾络宁治疗,利用原位分子杂交和免疫组织化学的方法,结合计算机病理图像分析,观察肾络宁对IgAN大鼠肾间质Ⅲ型胶原(ColⅢ)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI-1)、基质金属蛋白酶1(MMP-1)及组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂1(TIMP-1)基因及蛋白表达的影响。[结果]1)肾络宁组肾间质ColⅢ蛋白及PAI-1、TIMP-1mRNA表达与模型组相比明显降低(P<0.01或0.05)。2)肾络宁组肾间质MMP-1mRNA表达与模型组相比显著升高(P<0.01)。[结论]肾络宁能降低IgAN模型大鼠肾间质ColⅢ蛋白的表达,下调PAI-1、TIMP-1mRNA的表达,上调MMP-1mRNA的表达,从而发挥调节ECM代谢的作用。     

基于代谢组学技术研究老年原发性高血压肾气亏虚证本质的可行性探讨

代谢组学作为后基因时代的新兴"组学",是一项对生物系统内所有代谢产物进行定性、定量分析的系统性研究技术。它所研究的代谢物是机体受到刺激干扰后整体功能状态的"生化表型",因此代谢组学具备系统、动态、整体、分析的特点,与中医学整体观、系统观以及辨证论治思想相契合。老年高血压是原发性高血压的临床亚型之一,具有特征性的发病机制和证候特点,肾气亏虚是其病理机制中的重要环节,代谢组学技术为其证候本质的探索开拓了一条新思路。分析代谢组学技术与中医证候本质研究的契合点,就代谢组学技术研究老年原发性高血压肾气亏虚证本质的可行性进行探讨。     

电针刺激大肠俞及足三里穴对肝缺血再灌注大鼠肠道屏障功能的影响

目的 探究术前电针(electric acupuncture,EA)刺激大肠俞及足三里穴,是否对肝缺血再灌注(ischemia-reperfusion,I/R)大鼠的肠道屏障功能具有保护作用.方法 32只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、穴位刺激缺血再灌注组(AS+I/R组)、非穴位刺激...     

补肾清肝活血汤对多囊卵巢综合征大鼠血清性激素水平的影响

[目的]观察补肾清肝活血汤对多囊卵巢综合征(Pdycystic Ovary Syndrome,PCOS)模型大鼠血清性激素水平的影响[方法]来曲唑诱导PCOS大鼠模型,分为正常组、模型组、西药组、补肾清肝活血汤组、高剂量组,以补肾清肝活血汤干预,观察各组大鼠的体重和血清性激素水平。[结果]治疗组大鼠体重较模型组显著下降(P<0.01),模型组大鼠体重呈继续增长态势;与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠血清LH、T、FSH水平显著降低(P<0.01),血清E2、P水平明显升高(P<0.05),治疗作用以高剂量组最明显。[结论]补肾清肝活血汤可调控PCOS模型大鼠的血清性激素水平,并改善其高雄激素血症。)     

电针内关穴对心肌梗死大鼠血压的影响

目的:探讨电针内关穴对心肌梗死大鼠血压的影响。方法:将雄性SD大鼠随机分为电针组、模型组和假手术组。结扎左冠状动脉旋前降支建立心肌梗死模型,假手术组只开胸不结扎;电针组电针大鼠双侧内关穴,共5 d。分别记录大鼠造模前后及治疗后的心电图,测量右颈动脉及左股动脉的血压。结果:电针后,与假手术组比较,电针组、模型组的左股动脉收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压和脉压均无统计学差异(P>0.05);电针组右颈动脉收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压与假手术组无统计学差异(P>0.05),而模型组均显著小于假手术组(P<0.05)。模型组、电针组的脉压与假手术组相比均无统计学差异(P>0.05);三组大鼠心率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:电针内关穴可以使心肌梗死大鼠右颈动脉的收缩压、舒张压及平均动脉压回升。     

金锁固精丸加味方对阿霉素肾病微量元素的影响

目的观察金锁固精丸加味方对大鼠阿霉素肾病血液微量元素含量的影响。方法采用阿霉素（6mg/kg）一次性尾静脉注射的方法造成大鼠肾病综合征模型。将实验动物随机分为正常对照组、肾病模型组和金锁固精丸加味方组。观察该方对肾病大鼠24小时尿蛋白、血清总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、尿素、肌酐、微量元素锌、铜、锰、硒及肾组织形态学的影响。结果金锁固精丸加味方能显著降低肾病大鼠24小时尿蛋白,改善高胆固醇血症及低蛋白血症（P〈0.01）,减轻肾组织病理变化。模型组血清微量元素锌、铜、锰、硒的含量均明显下降,而金锁固精丸加味方治疗组明显高于模型组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,与正常对照组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论金锁固精丸加味方对阿霉素肾病良好的治疗作用体现在既能减少阿霉素肾病大鼠尿蛋白的排泄,同时又增加其血清微量元素的含量。     

电针治疗对大鼠脊髓损伤后Nogo-A蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨电针治疗对大鼠脊髓损伤(SCI)后Nogo-A蛋白表达的影响。方法:以96只2月龄Wistar大鼠为受试对象,SCI组于T9处行脊髓全横断,治疗组予电针治疗,采用Western blot测定各时间点及各组脊髓Nogo-A表达及变化,并以苏木精-伊红和免疫组化染色对受损脊髓进行形态学观察。结果:SCI后Nogo-A蛋白表达呈递增趋势,于14 d后最强;经电针治疗,Nogo-A表达减少。结论:Nogo-A是SCI后脊髓神经纤维再生的主要抑制因子,电针治疗对Nogo-A表达具有明显的抑制作用。     

电针配合耳穴贴压对多囊卵巢综合征患者血清性激素及胰岛素水平的影响

目的 探讨电针配合耳穴贴压对多囊卵巢综合征患者血清性激素及胰岛素的影响.方法 多囊卵巢综合征患者72例随机分为观察组与对照组,各36例,对照组选择常规电针治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用耳穴贴压法,都治疗1个月.观察两组患者疗效,比较其血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、胰岛素抵抗指标(Homa IR)、空腹胰岛素(FIN)的变化.结果 治疗后观察组的有效率明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).两组治疗后的血清FSH与LH值、Homa IR与FIN值都明显低于治疗前,同时治疗后观察组的血清FSH与LH值、Homa IR与FIN值也明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 电针配合耳穴贴压治疗多囊卵巢综合征能有效改善症状与提高疗效,其作用的发挥与降低血清FSH与LH的表达及其减弱胰岛素抵抗有关.     

《内经》针刺治神理论初探

治神思想包括两方面 ,一是说在针刺过程中 ,医者不能只拘守手部形式 ,关键在于“治神”。治神是医者手法的核心 ,贯穿于整个施治过程中。以神“侯气”、“调气” ,进而“调神”、“调形体”。另一方面病者也须以神御气应针 ,使气随神行。两神相应 ,则正气易复 ,邪气易除。病者神形易调 ,机体阴阳趋向平衡 ,疾病自除。故研究学习针刺手法应注意对《内经》中“治神”思想的重视     

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯联合染毒对青春期大鼠精子生成的影响

目的:探讨邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)联合染毒对青春期大鼠精子生成的影响。方法:6周龄SD大鼠(56只)随机分为染毒[375、750和1 500 mg/(kg.d)]组[予等质量DEHP和DBP混合物(溶解于玉米油中)灌胃]和对照组(予等量玉米油),每组14只。两组2、4周末断头各处死7只,并观察生精功能和附睾组织学改变。结果:染毒2周,750、1 500 mg/(kg.d)组睾丸内精子头数目、每日精子生成量和附睾精子总数及精子畸形率与对照组比有统计学意义(P<0.05);染毒4周,1 500 mg/(kg.d)组睾丸内精子头数目、每日精子生成量和附睾精子总数及精子畸形率与对照组比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。染毒2、4周,染毒组附睾管厚度与对照组比有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:DEHP和DBP联合染毒对青春期大鼠有明显的生殖毒性作用,可严重影响精子生成数量和质量,且对附睾有一定的毒害作用。     

电针联合脂肪源性干细胞移植对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后血管生成的影响

目的探讨电针联合脂肪源性干细胞(adipose-derived stem cell,ADSC)移植对大鼠缺血再灌注损伤后血管生成的影响。方法将36只成年SD大鼠随机分为模型组、电针组、ADSC组、电针+ADSC组。大鼠大脑中动脉线栓法复制缺血再灌注模型,电针组取大椎穴和内关穴进行电针治疗。ADSC组尾静脉注射PKH26标记的ADSC细胞悬液,电针+ADSC组联合电针和ADSC移植治疗。缺血后7d行神经功能损害评分(neurological severity scores,NSS),采用Western bolt法检测血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelialgrowth factor,VEGF)蛋白表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测血管VEGF mRNA表达,CD34免疫组织化学染色计数微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)。结果电针+ADSC组海马CA1区PKH26标记的细胞数高于ADSC组(P0.05)。与模型组比较,电针组、ADSC组和电针+ADSC组NSS评分均显著降低,海马CA1区VEGF蛋白和mRNA表达及MVD显著增加(P0.05)。其中电针+ADSC组较电针组和ADSC组NSS评分降低更为显著,海马CA1区VEGF蛋白和mRNA表达水平及MVD计数显著增高(P0.05)。结论电针联合脂肪源性干细胞移植促进脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经功能恢复作用优于单独治疗组,其机制可能与电针促进血管生成,改善干细胞生存内环境,促进移植的ADSC迁移和存活有关。     

电针足三里、三阴交穴治疗大鼠胶原性关节炎及其部分血液流变学机制

[目的]观察电针“足三里”、“三阴交”穴对胶原性关节炎（Collagen-induced Arthritis,CIA）大鼠的治疗作用及其部分血液流变学机制。[方法]36只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组和电针治疗组,模型对照组和电针治疗组大鼠采用牛Ⅱ型胶原在大鼠背部正中线作多点皮内注射诱发CIA模型,选取“足三里”、“三阴交”穴进行电针治疗,观察CIA大鼠足跖肿胀度、痛阈和踝关节的病理变化,检测全血粘度和红细胞聚集指数观察血液流变学变化。[结果]电针“足三里”、“三阴交”穴可显著减少CIA大鼠关节炎肢体累及数、抑制足跖肿胀、提高痛阈、减少踝关节病理损伤;电针治疗组大鼠全血粘度低切下降显著（P〈0．01）,红细胞聚集指数与模型对照组大鼠比较也有明显下降（P〈0．05）。[结论]电针“足三里”、“三阴交”对大鼠胶原性关节炎具有较好的治疗作用,其机制可能与改善大鼠的血液流变学指标有关。     

肩三针结合康复训练对于脑卒中后肩手综合征患者疼痛及运动功能影响

目的：比较肩三针结合康复疗法与单纯康复治疗脑卒中后肩一手综合征的疗效差异。方法：将64例患者随机分为肩三针结合康复组（治疗组）、康复组（对照组）各32例。采用上肢运动功能、疼痛、关节活动度等指标判断其28d后的临床疗效。结果：治疗组总有效率为9616％,明显优于对照组的77．42％（P〈0．05）;肩三针结合康复能够明显改善患者的上肢运动功能、上肢疼痛及关节活动度,与单纯康复比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：肩三针结合康复治疗脑卒中后肩一手综合征可有效缓解肢体疼痛症状,促进患肢运动功能的恢复。