手术治疗孤立性肾上腺转移瘤的疗效分析——附22例报告

目的:总结孤立性肾上腺转移瘤的手术治疗经验。方法:总结22例原发肿瘤完整切除后发现并手术切除孤立性肾上腺转移瘤患者的临床资料,其中包括19例男性及3例女性患者。22例患者中9例接受腹腔镜下肾上腺切除术,余13例接受开放的肾上腺切除术。结果:被诊断为肾上腺同时转移的10例,异时转移的12例。平均的无疾病生存间期(DFI)为8个月。中位随访时间为33个月,22例患者的2年及5年总生存率分别为69%和18%,其中DFI等于或大于6个月的异时转移的患者其2年的总生存率(84%)高于DFI小于6个月的同时转移患者(50%)。对比腹腔镜手术及开放手术,腹腔镜肾上腺转移瘤切除并不会增加患者局部复发、切缘阳性的风险,对患者DFI及总生存率无影响。结论:治疗孤立性肾上腺转移瘤,尤其是对于DFI大于6个月的患者,手术切除后可以延长患者的总生存时间。手术方式上,腹腔镜下肾上腺转移切除时安全的、对患者有益的,可作为孤立性肾上腺转移瘤的首选方案。     

索拉非尼治疗肝细胞性肝癌肝移植后的复发

背景:肝细胞肝癌肝移植后肿瘤复发转移十分常见,肿瘤进展迅速,缺乏有效治疗方法。目的:观察索拉非尼联合介入治疗肝细胞性肝癌肝脏移植后复发的疗效。方法:选择24例肝细胞性肝癌肝移植后肿瘤复发患者,其中单纯接受介入治疗者16例,接受索拉非尼联合介入治疗者8例,通过Log-rank检验比较两组患者移植后6个月生存率、1年生存率、移植后无瘤生存时间。结果与结论:介入治疗组移植后平均无瘤生存时间为95d,联合治疗组为100d,两组间差异无显著性意义(P=0.2805)。移植后终生随访,介入化疗组16例全部死亡,中位生存时间为211d,6个月生存率为69%,1年生存率为25%。联合治疗组死亡2例,6个月生存率为100%,1年生存率为100%,两组间差异有显著性意义(P<0.0001)。说明对于肝细胞性肝癌肝移植后肿瘤复发患者,采用索拉非尼+介入治疗联合治疗方案可显著提高患者生存期及生存率。     

乳腺癌保乳手术后局部复发因素的分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者行保乳手术治疗后局部复发的相关因素。方法:收集2002年3月—2010年3月行保乳手术治疗的356例乳腺癌患者的临床及随访资料,分析年龄、淋巴结转移、肿瘤直径、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)、雌激素受体(ER)/孕激素受体(PR)与术后肿瘤局部复发的相关性。结果:356例患者的中位随访时间为53(9~120)个月;其中14例(4.3%)患者出现同侧乳房局部复发,16例(4.9%)出现远处转移;5年无远处转移生存率为95.4%,5年总体生存率为99.1%,5年无病生存率为82.3%;乳腺癌患者行保乳治疗手术后2~3年是肿瘤局部复发的高峰时期,单因素以及多因素分析发现,患者的年龄、淋巴结转移及HER-2是肿瘤局部复发的独立危险因素。结论:淋巴结转移以及HER-2与乳腺癌患者行保乳手术后的局部复发相关。     

手术联合放疗对晚期涎腺腺样囊性癌的疗效探讨

目的探讨手术联合放疗对晚期涎腺腺样囊性癌患者的疗效。方法选取2006年1月至2012年1月四川省人民医院颌面外科收治的晚期涎腺腺样囊性癌52例患者,根据患者术后是否接受放疗将其分为手术联合术后放疗组(S+R组)和单纯手术组(S组),比较两组患者术后总生存率、局部复发率及远处转移率;采用Log-rank进行单因素检验,探讨各临床病理因素对患者术后复发及远处转移的关系。结果 52例患者随访至2016年12月30日止。中位随访时间为41个月,其中S组3例患者术后远处转移行姑息性化疗,S+R组2例患者失访,未纳入统计;S+R组的术后生存率、5年局部控制率均高于S组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素回归分析结果表明,不同的手术方式是远处转移和复发发生的独立影响因素,单纯手术相对于手术联合放疗,更容易发生远处转移和复发。结论手术联合放疗不能显著提高晚期腺样囊性癌患者的生存率,但相比单纯手术,能减少局部复发和远处转移,提高患者生存效益,值得临床推广。     

结直肠癌术后复发模式的临床研究及再手术治疗的预后分析

目的总结结直肠癌术后复发模式的临床特点及规律、结直肠癌术后复发的原因,探讨复发性结直肠癌的再手术治疗的方法及预后。方法收集四川省人民医院急救中心外科2000年至2012年收治的96例结直肠癌根治术后复发患者的临床资料,根据是否伴有肝转移分为肝转移组和无肝转移组,分析结直肠癌术后复发模式的临床特点及规律,分别探讨其再手术治疗方法及预后。结果纳入标准的患者再次手术前有13例接受新辅助化疗,再次手术后接受辅助化疗41例。直肠癌术后复发45例,结肠癌术后复发51例。肝转移组76例(直肠癌术后复发29例,结肠癌术后复发47例),无肝转移组20例(均为术后局部复发,直肠癌术后复发16例,结肠癌术后复发4例)。肝转移组中44例为单纯孤立肝转移,其中40例行根治性手术(22例为直肠癌术后复发,18例为结肠癌术后复发),肝转移组中32例为肝内多发转移或伴有远处转移,26例行姑息性手术(3例为直肠癌术后复发,23例为结肠癌术后复发),6例因为广泛转移放弃手术(直肠癌术后3例,结肠癌术后3例)。无肝转移组20例中有18例行根治性再次手术治疗(15例为直肠癌术后复发,3例为结肠癌术后复发)。两组中根治性切除手术58例,根治性切除率为60.4%;姑息性切除32例,姑息性切除率为33.3%。2例死于术后感染中毒性休克。术后随访6~36个月,肝转移组中根治性切除术后1、3年生存率分别为89.2%、35.6%,姑息性切除术后1、3年生存率分别为54.5%、0。无肝转移组中根治性切除术后1、3年生存率91.5%、46.9%。姑息性切除术后1、3年生存率为61.3%、12.1%。两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论结肠癌患者术后复发以远处肝转移常见,直肠癌术后复发以局部复发为主。对复发性结直肠癌患者应根据是否伴有肝转移选择以再次根治性手术为主的综合治疗方案,以提高患者的生存率。     

乳腺肉瘤28例诊断治疗分析

为探讨乳腺肉瘤的临床特点和治疗方法,对1972年1月至2006年9月收治的28例乳腺肉瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:随访10个月～32年,6例死亡,7例复发。5年生存率为80.3%,10年生存率为71%。该病的诊断需要病理证实。治疗方法以手术治疗为主。对于肿块较小,无淋巴结转移者可行单纯乳房切除;对于有腋窝淋巴结转移者需要行根治术。对局部复发的患者不应放弃再次手术的机会。     

胸膜孤立性纤维瘤6例报告并文献复习

目的探讨胸膜孤立性纤维瘤（SFTP）的诊断和外科治疗。方法回顾分析河南大学淮河医院胸外科1990-01-2009-08间收治的胸膜孤立性纤维瘤6例的临床资料。结果胸闷、胸痛、咳嗽、咯痰、发热是SFTP的主要症状。诊断主要依据免疫组化分析,所有患者的CD34、vi mentin、bcl-2和CD99均阳性表达。随访5个月至19 a,无复发及转移。结论胸膜孤立性纤维瘤的诊断主要依[靠免疫组化分析,根治性切除是主要治疗手段。     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术结合内分泌辅助方法治疗高危前列腺癌的初步研究

目的评价腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术联合术前、术后内分泌辅助方法治疗局部高危前列腺癌的疗效。方法 2007年11月~2012年10月,在该院确诊为局部高危前列腺癌的患者46例,年龄62.5(37~75)岁;术前PSA 38.7(6.3~96.8)ng/mL。术前所有病例均行为期3~6个月的新辅助治疗,再接受腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术,术后所有病例均再行6个月以上的内分泌辅助治疗。运用SPSS 13.0软件对不同参数(包括术前PSA值、术后Gleason评分、病理分期和有无盆腔淋巴结转移)无生化复发生存率进行分析,采用Log.rank Test对患者Kaplan Meier曲线进行比较。结果 46例患者手术均获成功。术后Gleason评分7.7(6~10)。术后病理确诊盆腔淋巴结转移(LN+)15例,淋巴结阴性(LN-)31例。术后随访时间37.5(6~63)个月,46例患者中有20例出现生化复发,其中LN(+)组11例出现生化复发,而LN(-)组9例出现生化复发。46例患者5年无生化复发生存率及肿瘤特异生存率分别为56.5%(26/46)和97.8%(45/46)。结论腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术联合术前、术后内分泌辅助治疗可提高局部高危前列腺癌患者的5年无生化复发生存率和肿瘤特异性生存率,可有效控制疾病的进展。     

腹腔镜手术治疗早期老年子宫内膜癌的远期疗效分析

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗早期老年子宫内膜癌的远期疗效。方法选择2004年1月～2009年1月该院妇科收治的早期老年子宫内膜癌患者共60例,按照手术方式将患者分为两组,传统手术组(26例)与腹腔镜手术组(34例)。对两组患者均进行随访,比较2种手术方法的术后远期疗效。结果随访期间,腹腔镜组患者局部复发3例(8.82%),远处转移4例(11.76%);开腹组患者局部复发2例(7.69%),远处转移3例(11.54%)。腹腔镜组的局部复发率和远处转移率均与开腹组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。腹腔镜组和开腹组3年累积总生存率分别为88.2%(30/34)和88.5%(23/26);5年累积总生存率分别为79.4%(27/34)和76.9%(20/26)。腹腔镜组和开腹组3年无瘤生存率分别为82.4%(28/34)和80.8%(21/26);5年无瘤生存率分别为70.6%(24/34)和73.1%(19/26)。两组总生存率曲线和无瘤生存率曲线相比差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜手术可取得与传统开腹手术相同的远期疗效,是治疗早期老年子宫内膜癌患者的一个很好的选择。     

原发性肝癌术后复发再治疗临床观察

目的:分析不同治疗方法对原发性肝癌根治术后复发及预后的影响,探讨其防治方法及疗效。方法:肝癌根治术后复发73例患者,依据治疗方法不同分为再次手术组21例,非手术治疗组45例(射频消融治疗23例、经皮肝动脉插管化疗栓塞治疗22例)和未治疗组7例,比较1,3,5 a生存率。结果:再次治疗组1,3,5 a生存率显著高于未治疗组(P<0.05),再次手术组1,3,5 a生存率高于非手术治疗组(P<0.05)。结论:肝癌根治术后复发仍采用以外科手术切除为主,局部微创治疗、生物治疗等多种方法的有机序贯综合治疗;且再治疗可提高术后生存率,手术再切除是局部复发首选治疗方法。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.