松果菊苷固体脂质纳米粒处方筛选的研究

[目的] 探索不同辅料对于松果菊苷固体脂质纳米粒(SLN)理化性质的影响,从而对水溶性药物单体固体脂质纳米粒的处方研究做出一点提示。[方法] 采用单一变量法摸索松果菊苷SLN中Myrj52、山嵛酸甘油酯(Compritol 888 ATO)、单硬脂酸甘油酯、大豆卵磷脂等辅料对纳米粒理化性质的影响。[结果] 随Myrj52量的增加,纳米粒的粒径减小,Zeta电位增大,包封率增大。随Compritol 888 ATO量的增加,包封率降低,粒径稍有增大,Zeta电位减小。随单硬脂酸甘油酯量的增加,粒径明显增大,包封率略有减小,Zeta电位减小。随卵磷脂量的增加,粒径明显增大,电位明显减小。包封率降低。[结论] 各种辅料单独对松果菊苷SLN的理化性质都有较大影响,此研究可以为相似性质的药物SLN的处方筛选提供启示。     

黄芩苷固体脂质纳米粒的制备及其在小鼠体内组织分布研究

目的 制备黄芩苷固体脂质纳米粒（solid lipid nanoparticle,SLN）,研究其在小鼠体内的组织分布并评价组织靶向性。方法 采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备黄芩苷固体脂质纳米粒分散液,冷冻干燥成黄芩苷SLN冻干粉。灌胃给予黄芩苷-SLN干粉混悬液与黄芩苷混悬液,测定小鼠各组织中药物浓度,采用DAS 2.0软件拟合药物代谢动力学参数。计算靶向效率（targeting efficiency, Te）、靶向指数（targeting index, TI）和相对靶向效率（relative targeting efficiency, Rte）,分析比较两种制剂在小鼠体内组织分布情况。结果 小鼠灌胃黄芩苷-SLN冻干粉后,肝组织的Te最大;TI的大小顺序为脾、心、肝、脑、肾、肺,且仅脾、心的Rte为正值。结论 黄芩苷-SLN肝组织分布量最大,脾组织靶向性较强,对黄芩苷临床应用具有重要意义。     

丹参酮Ⅰ固体脂质纳米粒的制备及评价

[目的]制备丹参酮Ⅰ固体脂质纳米粒(TSⅠ-SLN)并对其性质质量进行考察。[方法]TSⅠ-SLN的制备方法选用乳化固化法,并以制剂的粒径、电位和包封率为考察指标。对TSⅠ-SLN冻干品进行差式扫描量热法(DSC)检测。[结果]TSⅠ-SLN的平均粒径为(128±2.00)nm,电位为(-9.35±0.12)m V;TSⅠ的包封率为(74.03±1.32)%。DSC结果表明丹参酮Ⅰ包裹在纳米粒中。[结论]采用乳化固化法安全可靠,简单易行;该方法下制备的SLN具有较小的粒径和较高的包封率;且理化性质稳定,为后续实验提供了依据。     

姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒制备及体外释放的研究

[目的]以单硬脂酸甘油酯为载体材料制备姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒及其体外释放行为的研究。[方法]采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒,高速离心法测其包封率,激光粒径仪测定其粒径、电位,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表征其性质,采用透析法考察固体脂质纳米粒中姜黄素的体外释放行为。[结果]姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒的平均粒径为(89.24±2.06)nm,Zeta电位为(-18.77±1.27)m V,药物平均包封率为(89.55±1.84)%,DSC结果表明其理化性质稳定可靠,体外12 h累计释放率为(43.12±1.02)%。[结论]制备的姜黄素固体脂质纳米粒粒径小且分布均匀,具有良好的缓释作用。     

两种黄芩苷眼用制剂防治硒性白内障作用研究

[目的]考察黄芩苷眼用固体脂质纳米粒(BA-SLNs)、黄芩苷眼用固体脂质纳米粒凝胶(BA-SLNsG)抗硒性白内障作用。[方法]采用12日龄Wistar乳鼠制造硒性白内障模型。给药组眼内分别滴入20μL治疗药物,空白组和模型组分别给予同体积生理盐水,阳性组给予同体积白内停,每天给药4次,持续8 d,观察每日大鼠晶状体变化。测定超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量并采用蛋白免疫印迹方法初步考察两种黄芩苷眼用制剂对αA-晶状体蛋白(αA-Crystallin)表达的影响。[结果]两给药组大鼠晶状体浑浊程度明显轻于模型组。空白组和给药组SOD活性明显高于模型组(P0.01);各组GSH含量也高于模型组(P0.05)。蛋白免疫印迹结果表明模型组晶状体中αA-Crystallin表达量均高于其余各组。[结论]BA-SLNs、BA-SLNsG均能有效提高晶状体抗氧化能力,下调αA-Crystallin表达,延缓白内障发病,可进一步开发成临床药物。     

表面活性剂复配制备稳定的固体脂质纳米粒混悬液

目的:表面活性剂在固体脂质纳米粒的制备过程中扮演着重要角色,为规避药物对体系的影响,本文选用4种表面活性剂制备了空白而具有良好物理稳定性的固体脂质纳米粒混悬液.方法:用激光散射粒度仪和Zeta电位分析仪(LD)检测平均粒径、颗粒分布范围和Zeta电位,另外还进行了DSC热分析和颗粒形态的TEM观察.结果:离子型表面活性剂脱氧胆酸钠可以提高纳米粒的Zeta电位从而提高系统物理稳定性,但乳化率低;非离子乳化剂Pluronic F-68可以起到空间稳定的作用从而避免胶体系统中颗粒的聚结.结论:4种表面活性剂的复配[两种非离子乳化剂(Pluronic F-68和Tween 80),离子型表面活性剂(脱氧胆酸钠)以及卵磷脂]可以制备稳定6个月而不分层的纳米混悬液.     

载胰岛素口服固体脂质纳米粒的构建及其跨肠上皮细胞转运的研究

目的 采用混合溶剂构建载多肽蛋白类药物的固体脂质纳米递药系统(solid lipid nanoparticles,SNPs),探究SNPs跨肠上皮细胞的转运机理,提高多肽蛋白类药物的细胞摄取和跨膜转运效率.方法 采用甲醇-氯仿混合溶剂制备载胰岛素的水包油包水型固体脂质纳米粒(INS-SNPs).通过单因素筛选法优化IN...     

药脂比对米非司酮固体脂质纳米粒性能的影响

目的:将堕胎药物米非司酮载入固体脂质纳米粒(SLNs)中,研究药脂比对该体系性能的影响.方法:选用相同用量的4种表面活性剂,对SLN体系的平均粒径、Zeta电和包封率进行了测定,同时采用差示扫描量热法检测药物在载体中存在的晶型形态.结果:当脂质质量不变,SLN系统的平均粒径随所载药物量增加而增加.在载药量为50 mg,脂质质量为1 g时,包封率最高.同时,Zeta电位与胶体系统中游离药物量相关.DSC分析发现所有载药SLN试样均未出现米非司酮约190 ℃熔点附近的吸热峰.结论:载体所载模型药会影响系统的平均粒径和Zeta电位,即使在250 mg/1 g(脂质)的高载药量下,原本结晶性药物也是以无定形或者分子状态分散在SLN载体系统中的,目前尚未见到在如此高载药量下载体物理性状的相关报道.模型药米非司酮可以影响纳米系统的性能,另一方面,所加入药物的性能也被纳米尺度载体系统改变了.     

pH响应性PTEN/PLGA-(HE)10-MAP纳米粒的构建及体外评价

构建一种pH响应性细胞穿膜肽（cell-penetrating peptides,CPPs）修饰的载抑癌基因第10号染色体同源缺失性磷酸酯酶-张力蛋白（PTEN）质粒DNA的纳米粒PTEN/PLGA-（HE）₁₀-MAP,探讨其基因递送和体外靶向抗肿瘤作用。采用双乳化-溶剂挥发法制备载PTEN质粒DNA的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物（PLGA）纳米粒PTEN/PLGA;利用酰胺缩合反应将pH响应性组氨酸-谷氨酸（HE）重复寡肽与模型两亲性多肽（MAP）的重组体（HE）₁₀-MAP偶联至PLGA纳米粒表面,得到纳米粒PTEN/PLGA-（HE）₁₀-MAP。以粒径、Zeta电位以及包封率与载药量为指标对其进行表征分析;通过考察其细胞毒性、细胞摄取,以及靶向转染真核表达质粒和抗肿瘤细胞增殖的能力,分析其作为目的基因靶向递送系统的可行性。结果显示,制备的纳米粒粒径为（266.5 ± 2.86） nm,包封率为（80.6 ± 6.11）%,在pH 7.4、7.0和6.5条件下Zeta电位分别为-（6.7 ± 0.26） mV、 +（0.7 ± 0.22） mV和+（37.5 ± 0.85） mV;未载质粒DNA的空载体纳米粒PLGA-（HE）₁₀-MAP在肿瘤和正常细胞中的细胞毒性试验显示细胞存活率均在80%以上,制备的纳米粒可以被细胞摄取表达,且具有pH靶向抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的作用,在肿瘤的基因治疗中具有一定的应用前景。     

基于改善缺氧仿生纳米递送体系的构建及其体外评价

目的 制备pH敏感融合膜(MP)包覆的载多柔比星(Dox)的中空介孔二氧化锰(H-MnO2)纳米粒(MP@H-MnO2-Dox纳米粒),并在体外对其进行初步评价.方法 以固体实心二氧化硅为模板,用碱刻蚀的方法合成H-MnO2,制备载Dox的H-MnO2(H-MnO2-Dox),进行MP的包覆构建MP@H-MnO2-Dox纳米粒.对上述仿生纳米体系进行粒径、载药量、MP包覆载体比例的考察,用三(4,7-联苯-1,10-邻菲啰啉)二氯化钌(RDPP)探针进行产氧能力的评价,透析法考察药物体外释放,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜考察其胞内摄取分布情况.结果 成功制备了H-MnO2,其载药率和包封率分别为(79.0±8.7)％和(75.1±7.5)％,MP与H-MnO2质量比为1:1时能较好地包裹H-MnO2.MP@H-MnO2-Dox粒径为(178.0±9.5)nm,RDPP测定结果显示H-MnO2具有优越的产氧能力.体外药物释放结果显示,MP可以延缓Dox的释放,24 h时MP@H-MnO2-Dox(pH=6.5)的Dox累计释放量低于H-MnO2-Dox(pH=6.5)[(42.0±5.1)％vs(60.0±3.7)％].胞内摄取分布实验结果显示MP@H-MnO2-Dox纳米粒在pH=6.5条件下具有很强的细胞摄取能力.结论 成功构建了MP@H-MnO2-Dox纳米粒,该仿生纳米体系有望成为缓解缺氧并靶向乳腺癌的多功能药物递送载体.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.