非编码RNA调控动脉粥样硬化发生的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化是一种严重危害人类健康的心血管疾病,动脉粥样硬化的发生与很多因素有关。近年来研究发现非编码RNA在动脉粥样硬化发生过程中发挥重要的调控作用,其中主要包括微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA。非编码RNA主要通过引起血管内皮细胞或巨噬细胞的分化、迁移以及凋亡等过程调控动脉粥样硬化的发生。作者总结了微小RNA、长链非编码RNA和环状RNA的一些基本特征以及近几年关于它们调控动脉粥样硬化发生的研究进展。     

长链非编码RNA在非酒精性脂肪性肝病中作用机制的研究进展

随着肥胖和糖尿病的高发,非酒精性脂肪性肝病（non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）现已成为我国常见的慢性肝病之一,严重危害人民健康。在NAFLD的发生发展过程中,细胞中各种物质代谢失调是重要原因。长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）可调控多种基因表达进而影响细胞内物质代谢,参与NAFLD的发生发展。作者综述了lncRNA在NAFLD中作用机制的研究进展。     

长链非编码RNA在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用研究进展

非编码RNA是指一类不编码蛋白质,但在生物体生命活动中具有功能的RNA分子。非编码RNA在发育和疾病中有众多角色,而其中一个突出的作用是调节基因的表达。非编码RNA按其长度可分为短链非编码RNA和长链非编码RNA（long non coding RNA,lncRNA）。LncRNA是一类长度大于200 nt、广泛存在于哺乳动物细胞中的一类蛋白非编码序列。LncRNA通过剂量补偿效应、表观遗传调控和细胞分化调控等环节在生命活动中发挥重要作用,尤其在一些复杂疾病的发生、发展过程中发挥重要功能。近年来,有关lncRNA在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用研究日益增多,已经成为肿瘤发病机制的研究热点。作者就lncRNA在肿瘤发生、发展中的功能及作用机制进行综述。     

环状RNA在椎间盘退变中的作用机制及临床价值

椎间盘退行性疾病(DDD)是以椎间盘退变为特征的脊柱关节疾病,是引起腰背痛最常见的原因。近年来,DDD的发病率逐年增高且发病人群呈现年轻化趋势,因此寻找新的有效分子靶标对治疗该病至关重要。环状RNA(circRNAs)作为一种新的内源性非编码RNA,普遍存在于人体细胞中,大量研究显示circRNAs在多种疾病的发生发展过程中具有重要调控作用。该文综述circRNAs在DDD发病机制中的研究现状,并探讨其潜在的临床价值,旨在为DDD的诊断和治疗提供参考。     

MicroRNAs在酒精性脂肪肝形成机制中的作用研究进展

酒精性脂肪肝(AFLD)是指长期大量饮酒引起的以肝脏脂肪变性为主的病理变化,其形成机制主要包括脂质代谢异常、免疫炎性反应、肠道菌群失调及乙醇代谢酶紊乱等。近年来,大量研究证实微小RNA(miRNAs)在多种疾病的诊疗中发挥着重要作用,miRNAs参与AFLD形成的分子调控机制研究也成了热点。许多研究通过探讨miRNAs与AFLD形成途径中关键基因的靶向作用关系,建立其与该信号通路下游基因的促进或抑制表达网络,以揭示miRNAs在AFLD形成机制中的作用。该文综述了AFLD形成通路中重要的miRNAs及其在AFLD中的调控机制,旨在为深入理解miRNAs功能及其在AFLD中的相关作用机制提供理论依据。     

非编码RNA参与昼夜节律调控研究进展

微小RNA(microRNA)、长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)、环状RNA(circRNA)等非编码RNA(noncoding RNAs,ncRNA)属于表观遗传调控因子,通过在染色质水平、转录及转录后水平、翻译水平调控基因表达和功能,进而影响各种细胞生物学过程。在人体生理活动中,昼夜节律受到多种内外因素的调节,包括ncRNA。本文总结了参与调节昼夜节律的ncRNA,并讨论了在钟基因功能中ncRNA的作用机制,为进一步探究ncRNA在昼夜节律调控中的作用提供新的研究思路,为节律相关疾病的研究和诊治提供借鉴。     

运动、Adropin与代谢性疾病研究进展

Adropin是一种调节机体能量稳态的分泌蛋白,在调控机体代谢过程中发挥重要作用。研究发现,Adropin可能参与肥胖、2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、动脉粥样硬化等代谢性疾病的发生发展。近些年来的研究表明,Adropin的表达受运动调控,并在改善机体代谢紊乱的过程中发挥作用。本综述通过总结运动、Adropin与代谢性疾病研究进展,分析其潜在作用机制,为运动干预防治代谢相关疾病提供新的方向和理论基础。     

非酒精性脂肪肝发生发展的分子机制及治疗方法的研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高与生活方式的改变,非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的发病率日益升高,目前我国NAFLD的患病率已达15.35%,且呈不断升高趋势。为进一步认识非酒精性脂肪肝发生发展的分子机制,寻求NAFLD临床治疗最佳疗效的依据,本文就非酒精性脂肪肝发生发展的分子机制及其治疗进行综述。     

2型糖尿病患者合并非酒精性脂肪肝的相关因素分析

近年研究发现脂肪肝与代谢综合征密切相关,胰岛素抵抗可能在脂肪肝形成过程中起了重要作用。本研究对糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝患者进行了胰岛素、血糖、血脂及体重指数（BMI）、腰/臀围比值（WHR）、糖化血红蛋白（HBA1C）等检查,旨在了解非酒精性脂肪肝与诸因素之间的关系,现报告如下。     

环状RNA、慢性代谢性疾病及运动干预研究进展

代谢是机体能量与物质稳态平衡的基础,其稳态失衡可诱发多种威胁人类健康的代谢性疾病。环状RNA(circRNA)是一种具有共价闭环结构的非编码RNA,可通过调控内皮细胞功能紊乱、细胞自噬异常、胰岛素抵抗和氧化应激损伤等病理过程,参与慢性代谢性疾病的发生发展。研究发现,运动可调控circRNA表达,进而在慢性代谢性疾病中发挥代谢保护效应。本文综述circRNA在慢性代谢性疾病中的作用,不同运动方式、运动负荷对circRNA表达的影响及运动介导circRNA改善慢性代谢性疾病可能机制的研究进展,为运动干预防治慢性代谢疾病提供理论依据。     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

Interventional radiology in oncology in private practice

Interventional oncology in private practice requires expert training and can be performed in a stand-alone facility for type 1 procedures in a hospital setting for type 2 and 3 procedures where subspecialized radiologists, state-of-the-art equipment, and postprocedure hospital monitoring are available. A multidisciplinary effort with oncologists, internal medicine physicians and anesthesiologists is necessary. The practice of interventional oncology requires around the clock availability, meticulous and established protocols and procedures and a financial investment. On the other hand, it is professionally gratifying because of constant technical advances and the impact on patients.