高血压患者脂肪酸粘附蛋白2基因多态性与餐后甘油三酯代谢异常的关系

目的研究原发性高血压患者(EH)餐后甘油三酯代谢异常与脂肪酸粘附蛋白2基因(FABP2)变异的关系.方法 50例EH患者和30例健康人禁食10～12小时后,进行标准脂肪负荷试验,以甘油三酯(TG)8小时曲线下面积(TG-AUC)和TG峰反应(TGPR)作为标准脂肪负荷后TG反应水平的指标.用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对FABP2基因54密码子HhaI酶切位点限性片段长度多态性进行分析.结果 (1)EH组TG-AUC,TGPR均显著高于对照组(TG-AUC 20.02±6.25比9.61±2.27 mmol/L,P<0.05;TGPR 4.15±2.82比2.05±1.31 mmol/L,P<0.01).(2) EH组FABP2基因54密码子Thr型(Thr54)基因频率与正常组无显著差别(0.28比0.25, P>0.05).(3)EH组中Thr纯合型(Thr 54/Thr 54)和Thr杂合型(Ala 54 /Thr 54)患者TG-AUC、TGPR显著高于野生型(Ala 54 /Ala 54)者,纯合型患者TG-AUC、TGPR显著高于杂合型(TG-AUC28.2±6.11、21.9±6.16比13.9±6.07 mmol/L,P<0.05;TGPR 7.56±2.67、4.20±1.62比2.34±1.47 mmol/L,P<0.05).结论高血压病患者存在餐后TG代谢障碍和消除延迟,FABP2基因54密码子Thr改变是餐后甘油三酯代谢异常的影响因素之一.     

高血压患者脂肪酸结合蛋白2基因多态性与餐后甘油三酯代谢及胰岛素敏感性的关系

目的研究原发性高血压患者(EH)脂肪酸结合蛋白2基因(FABP2)多态性改变与餐后甘油三酯代谢及胰岛素敏感性的关系.方法60例EH患者和50例健康人禁食10～12小时后,进行标准脂肪负荷试验,以甘油三酯(TG)8小时曲线下面积(TG-AUC)作为标准脂肪负荷后TG反应水平的指标用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对FABP2基因54密码子HhaI酶切位点限性片段长度多态性进行分析;以胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)及胰岛素曲线下面积(IS-AUC)作为胰岛素敏感性的判定指标.结果(1)EH组TG-AUC均显著高于对照组(20.56±6.34比9.67±2.31mmol/L,P＜0.05);EH组IS-AUC显著高于对照组(197.5±24.2比131.6±17.3mU/L,P＜0.05);ISI显著低于对照组(-4.14±0.38比-3.72±0.22,P＜0.05).(2)EH组FABP2基因54密码子Thr型(Thr54)基因频率与正常组无显著差别(0.29比0.27,P＞0.05).(3)无论EH组或对照组中TG-AUC、ISI(绝对值)、IS-AUC水平高低顺序依次为Thr纯合型(Thr54/Thr54)＞Th杂合型(Ala54/Thr54)＞野生型(Ala54/Ala54).(EH组TG-AUC28.2±6.11比21.9±6.16和13.9±6.07mmol/1,P＜0.05;EH组ISI(绝对值)4.47±0.28比4.19±0.21和3.87±0.25,P＜0.05;EH组IS-AUC281.1±27.3比214.3±25.1和169.4±23.3mU/L,P＜0.05)(4)以正常人ISI95%位点为标准判断是否存在胰岛素抵抗将高血压病人分为EH合并胰岛素抵抗(n=27例)和EH胰岛素敏感性正常者(n=33例),EH合并胰岛素抵抗中有5例野生型和22例非野生型(包括杂合型和纯合型),而EH胰岛素敏感性正常者中野生型27例,非野生型6例,经卡方检验有显著差别(P＜0.05).(5)以正常对照组TG-AUC95%位点为标准,EH组中有39例(65%)存在餐后甘油三酯代谢异常,其中13例野生型和26例非野生型;EH组餐后甘油三酯代谢正常者21例,其中野生型19例和非野生型2例,有显著差别(P＜0.05).(6)EH组中同时合并餐后甘油三酯代谢异常和胰岛素抵抗共22例,其中野生型3例和非野生型19例,而EH组中餐后甘油三酯代谢和胰岛素敏感性均正常者20例,其中野生型19例和非野生型1例,经检验有显著差别(P＜0.05).结论高血压病患者FABP2基因54密码子Thr改变与餐后甘油三酯代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗密切相关,可能是餐后甘油三酯代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗的发病机制之一.     

肥胖和高血压患者餐后甘油三酯代谢异常与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的　探讨高血压病与肥胖患者餐后甘油三酯 (TG)代谢异常与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法　 19例健康人 ,19例单纯肥胖患者 ,2 1例高血压非肥胖患者 ,2 3例高血压合并肥胖患者禁食 12h后 ,进行标准脂肪负荷试验 ,以TG 8h曲线下面积 (TG AUC)和TG峰反应 (TGPR)作为标准脂肪负荷后TG反应水平的指标。以胰岛素敏感性指数 (ISI)及胰岛素曲线下面积 (IS AUC)作为胰岛素敏感性的判定指标。结果　 (1)高血压合并肥胖、高血压非肥胖、单纯肥胖组TG AUC ,TGPR均显著高于正常组 [TG AUC分别为 :(2 4 5 1± 10 6 8)mmol/L、(17 5 8± 7 6 8)mmol/L、(15 2 6± 4 93)比 (8 74± 2 34)mmol/L ,P <0 0 5 ;TGPR分别为 :(5 2 1± 2 2 7)mmol/L、(3 4 6± 1 82 )mmol/L、(3 0 2± 1 0 1)比 (1 5 4±0 5 6 )mmol/L ,P <0 0 5 ],高血压合并肥胖组TG AUC ,TGPR显著高于高血压非肥胖和单纯肥胖组 (P<0 0 1) ,高血压非肥胖组与单纯肥胖组之间无显著性差异。 (2 )高血压合并肥胖、高血压非肥胖、单纯肥胖组ISI(绝对值 ) ,IS AUC均显著高于正常组 ,高血压合并肥胖组IS AUC ,ISI显著高于高血压非肥胖和单纯肥胖组 (P <0 0 1) ,高血压非肥胖组与单纯肥胖组之间无显著性差异。 (3)高血压合并肥胖、高血压非肥胖和肥胖组中具     

9 与2型糖尿病不同,1型糖尿病与脂肪酸结合蛋白2 基因密码子54多态性无关(ADA 2001年会,30-OR)

与野生型(Ala-54/ Ala-54)相比,2型糖尿病(T2DM)脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP)2基因苏氨酸(Thr)取代丙氨酸(Ala)密码子54多态性与空腹及餐后甘油三酯(TG)水平增加及异常脂血症有关.为评估该多态性是否与1型糖尿病(T1DM)有关(该患者通常无代谢综合征表现),研究者筛查了181例血糖控制与T2DM患者相似的T1DM患者.野生型、杂合子(Ala -54/Thr-54)与纯合子(Thr-54/ Thr-54)间总、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)及非HDL-胆固醇无差别.脂负荷后,血浆、乳糜微粒中TG及极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)曲线下面积在野生型组与纯合子组中相似.表明与T2DM不同,T1DM与FABP 2基因密码子54多态性引起高TG血症及异常脂血症无关.因两型糖尿病血糖控制相似,故其他因素如年龄和(或)胰岛素抵抗可能参与伴有 FABP2基因密码子54 多态性的T2DM患者异常脂血症的发生.     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性对冠心病患者餐后甘油三酯代谢的影响

目的　探讨载脂蛋白 (Apo)E基因多态性对冠心病患者高脂餐后甘油三酯 (TG)代谢的影响。方法　 82例冠心病患者禁食 12h后接受高脂餐负荷试验。测定空腹和餐后 2、4、5、7h血清TG浓度。采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)检测ApoE基因型。结果　 82例冠心病患者餐后 2、4、5、7h血清TG水平显著升高 (P <0 0 5 )。相关分析表明 :空腹TG水平与TG曲线下面积 (TG AUC)显著正相关 (r=0 4 36 ,P <0 0 5 )。ApoE 3/3(n =36 )、ApoE 3/4(n =2 5 )和ApoE2 /3(n =2 1)基因型患者的空腹血清TG水平差异无显著性。ε2和ε4携带者餐后血清TG水平以及TG AUC显著高于ε3/ε3携带者。结论　ApoE基因多态性影响冠心病患者餐后甘油三酯代谢。ε2和ε4等位基因与餐后富含甘油三酯脂蛋白代谢异常有关。     

高血压病患者脂餐后甘油三酯代谢变化与血管内皮功能的关系

目的本研究旨在探讨高血压病(EH)患者脂餐后甘油三酯(TG)变化及其与血管内皮功能之间的关系.方法38例EH患者和20例健康人禁食10～12h后,采用高分辨率彩色血管超声、以肱动脉反应性充血前、后血管内径变化百分比反映血管内皮依赖性扩张功能.随后进行标准脂肪负荷试验,以TG8h曲线下面积(TG-AUC)和TG峰反应(TGPR)作为标准脂肪负荷后TG反应水平的指标.结果(1)EH组的肱动脉反应性充血前、后血管内径变化百分比显著小于对照组[(10.36±3.43)%比(15.48±4.36)%P<0.05];(2)EH组餐后TG水平的TGPR[(4.68±1.74)mmol/L比(1.84±0.67)mmol/L]及TG-AUC[(23.59±6.48)mmol/L比(9.49±3.47)mmol/L]均显著大于对照组(P<O.05);(3)EH合并餐后TG代谢障碍组(n=26)的肱动脉反应性充血前、后血管内径变化百分比较EH餐后TG代谢正常组(n=12)有明显降低[(10.98±1.32)%比(13.14±1.09)%,P<0.05].结论68.4%的EH患者伴有脂餐后TG代谢障碍和消除延迟,餐后TG代谢异常会加重EH患者血管内皮功能障碍.     

小肠脂肪酸结合蛋白基因多态性与糖尿病肾病的相关性

目的 探讨小肠脂肪酸结合蛋白基因(FABP2)多态性与糖尿病肾病发生的关系.方法 以300例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者[包括正常蛋白尿者(24hUAlb<30mg)80例,糖尿病肾病患者(24hUAlb≥30mg)220例]和80名无糖尿病对照者(NC)、85例非糖尿病性肾脏疾病(NDRD)患者为研究对象,应用PCR-RFLP检测FABP2密码子54基因型.比较各组间FABP2密码子54基因型分布特点.结果 (1)糖尿病肾病组 FABP2 Thr/Thr基因型频率显著高于NC组、NDRD组和正常白蛋白尿组(P均＜0.05).(2)T2DM患者中Thr54(+)基因型者的HOMA-IR、TG、FFA水平显著高于Thr54(-)基因型者(P均＜0.05).结论 (1)FABP2基因多态性可能与T2DM患者胰岛素抵抗、血脂紊乱密切相关.(2)FABP2基因多态性可能通过影响胰岛素敏感性与血脂水平而影响糖尿病肾病的发生.     

2型糖尿病大血管病变相关因素多元回归分析——餐后甘油三酯水平增高可能为独立危险因素

目的　探讨影响 2型糖尿病大血管病变的危险因素。方法　初诊 2型糖尿病 2 6 8例按是否合并大血管病变分为病变组 (98例 )及对照组 (170例 ) ,对其进行混合餐负荷试验及其相关的临床观察 ,筛选相关因素进行多元逐步L ogistic回归分析。结果　病变组体重指数 (BMI) 2 5 .6 6± 1.78kg/ m2 较对照组 2 3.0 4± 1.6 8kg/ m2 增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;病变组餐后 4小时 TG水平 3.2 3± 0 .89mmol/ L 较对照组 1.99± 0 .79mmol/ L 增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;将 2 6 8例受试者作为整体 ,以大血管病变作为应变量 Y(有 =1;无 =0 ) ,以年龄、BMI、收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)、糖化血红蛋白 (Hb A1c)、空腹胰岛素 (FINS)、空腹 TG、TC、L DL- C、HDL- C及餐后 4小时甘油三酯 (TG4 h)共 11个因素为自变量 ,进行多元逐步L ogistic回归分析 ,入选的变量是 TG4 h和 BMI。结论　提示餐后甘油三酯水平增高与糖尿病大血管病变独立显著相关 ,应重视糖尿病患者的调脂治疗     

胰岛素受体底物-1基因多态性与血糖水平的相关性

目的　了解高血压家系和非高血压家系后代中 ,胰岛素受体底物 1(IRS 1)基因多态性与血糖水平的关系。　方法　对大庆地区 184个高血压家系和 99个非高血压家系的第一代直系亲属及其配偶共 5 6 6人进行空腹血糖 (FPG)、胰岛素 (Ins)、甘油三酯 (TG)和纤维蛋白原 (Fib)测定 ,并采用PCR BslN1酶解法 ,检测IRS 1基因 972密码子多态性。　结果　 (1)高血压及非高血压家族的第一代直系亲属中 ,IRS 1基因Gly/Arg型频率差异不显著 (7 4 %∶5 1% ) ;(2 )多因素分析 ,排除年龄、性别影响后 ,FPG最高三分变量组 (5 35± 0 0 1)mmol/L比最低三分变量组 (4 19± 0 0 2 )mmol/L携带IRS 1基因Gly/Arg型明显增多 (OR =3 2 8)。再调整父母高血压家族史影响后结果相似。 　结论　IRS 1基因可能是大庆地区部分人群血糖升高的遗传因素之一 ,但与原发性高血压无关。     

缬沙坦对原发性高血压患者血清胰岛素样生长因子1和一氧化氮浓度的影响

目的　探讨原发性高血压 (EH)患者缬沙坦治疗前后血清胰岛素样生长因子 1(IGF - 1)和一氧化氮 (NO)水平的变化。方法　用特异性放射免疫法测定 5 0例EH患者 (EH组 )缬沙坦治疗前和治疗 6个月后及 2 5例正常人 (正常对照组 )的血清IGF 1水平。用硝酸酶还原法检测EH组缬沙坦治疗前和治疗 6个月后及正常对照组的血清NO水平。结果　EH患者血清IGF - 1水平明显高于正常对照组 (13.36± 3.36nmol/L比 9.6 7± 2 .5 7nmol/L ,P <0 0 1) ,而EH患者血清NO水平低于对照组 (6 3 35± 17 18μmol/L比 77 15± 13 5 0 μmol/L ,P <0 0 1)。EH并发LVH患者平均血清IGF 1水平明显高于无LVH者 (14 15± 4 2 3nmol/L比 11 5 7± 3 10nmol/L ,P <0 0 1)而其血清NO水平低于无LVH者 (5 6 2 0± 17 15 μmol/L比 6 7 6 8± 18 97μmol/LP <0 0 5 )。缬沙坦治疗 6个月后 ,血清IGF 1水平由 13 36± 3 36nmol/L降至 10 85± 2 97nmol/L(P <0 0 1) ;血清NO水平由 6 3 35± 17 18μmol/L升至 72 0 7±15 4 5 μmol/L(P <0 0 1) ;左室质量指数 (LVMI)由 12 6 39± 18 4 5g/m2 降至 111 13± 15 2 7g/m2 (P <0 0 1)。结论　EH患者血清IGF 1水平升高 ,而NO水平降低 ,尤其是伴发LVH     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.