Bilateral maxillary and mandibular fourth molars: a case report and literature review

Supernumerary teeth are those present in addition to the normal set of teeth. These teeth are found in both the primary and the permanent dentitions, and are most frequently seen in the maxillary anterior and molar regions. Supernumerary molars are divided into two types, depending on their location: distomolars and paramolars. Distomolars usually occur in the form of a fourth molar distal to the third molar, while paramolars are rudimentary supernumerary teeth that might develop buccally or lingually to the molar series. The management of a supernumerary tooth should be part of a comprehensive treatment plan. This paper reports a rare case of a male patient with bilateral maxillary and mandibular fourth molars, and reviews the literature on supernumerary teeth.     

Bilateral maxillary canines agenesis: a case report and a literature review.

BACKGROUND: Agenesis of permanent canines is an uncommon condition that affects human teeth. In fact, canine is the most variable positioned tooth, it can be found palatally or facially displaced or ectopically erupted from the dental arch. On the contrary, canine agenesis is a rare finding in Caucasian populations, but it may be relatively more common in Asian groups. This dental anomaly is firstly influenced by genetic, and less often by systemic and environmental factors. Generally, it can occur in association with other dental disturbances or as a solitary anomaly. Prevalence of agenesis permanent teeth varies between 4.5% and 7.4% in general Caucasian populatioN. AIM: The purpose of this report is to discuss the aetiology, prevalence, diagnosis and clinical implications of canine agenesis. CASE REPORT: This paper reports an unusual case of bilateral, congenitally missing canines in a healthy 10 year old Italian male.     

Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle: case report and literature review

Bifid mandibular condyle is an infrequent and normally asymptomatic morphological alteration of the mandibular condyle. Although the underlying cause is not clear, a number of theories have been proposed, including teratogenic effects in the embryo, vascular alterations during condyle development, and condylar remodeling following fracture. Since Schier first described this anomaly in 1948 in live individuals, further cases have been documented in the literature. We present a new case of bilateral bifid condyle. The disorder was asymptomatic and constituted a casual finding in a young male presenting for the surgical extraction of two impacted molars.     

Bilateral parotid glands aplasia: a case report and literature review

Objectives

Bilateral parotid gland aplasia is a rare congenital anomaly that almost consistently leads to xerostomia and caries. It is often associated with other congenital craniofacial abnormalities. The objective was to describe a case with asymptomatic bilateral parotid gland aplasia and to review previously reported cases.

Methods

Panoramic radiograph, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were obtained and an in-depth assessment of patient’s dental status and sequence analysis of FGF10, FGFR2 and FGFR3 genes were performed. Previous reports of bilateral parotid gland aplasia were assessed.

Results

In a 64-year-old woman with extensive basal cell carcinoma of nasal skin an incidental bilateral parotid gland aplasia was noted during radiotherapy treatment planning. Dental status revealed surprisingly numerous (n?=?15) teeth without active caries lesions. No other craniofacial abnormalities were identified. To rule out most probable syndromes associated with parotid gland aplasia, sequence analysis of FGF10, FGFR2 and FGFR3 genes was performed showing no pathogenic variants. With a literature review, we identified 148 cases of salivary gland aplasia in which median age at diagnosis was 21 years and one third were asymptomatic. In only 10 of these cases, the patients presented with bilateral aplasia of parotid glands without other craniofacial abnormalities.

Conclusions

Absence of salivary glands can have a debilitating effect on oral health and is often accompanied by other craniofacial abnormalities. However, relatively frequent asymptomatic course suggests that this rare malformation is probably underdiagnosed. Therefore, we propose systematic reporting of salivary gland aplasia to assess its true prevalence in general population.

     

Partial craniofacial duplication: A review of the literature and case report

Diprosopus (Greek; di-, “two” + prosopon, “face”), or craniofacial duplication, is a rare craniofacial anomaly referring to the complete duplication of facial structures. Partial craniofacial duplication describes a broad spectrum of congenital anomalies, including duplications of the oral cavity. This paper describes a 15 month-old female with a duplicated oral cavity, mandible, and maxilla. A Tessier type 7 cleft, midline meningocele, and duplicated hypophysis were also present. The preoperative evaluation, surgical approach, postoperative results, and a review of the literature are presented. The surgical approach was designed to preserve facial nerve innervation to the reconstructed cheek and mouth. The duplicated mandible and maxilla were excised and the remaining left maxilla was bone grafted. Soft tissue repair included closure of the Tessier type VII cleft. Craniofacial duplication remains a rare entity that is more common in females. The pathophysiology remains incompletely characterized, but is postulated to be due to duplication of the notochord, as well as duplication of mandibular growth centres. While diprosopus is a severe deformity often associated with anencephaly, patients with partial duplication typically benefit from surgical treatment. Managing craniofacial duplication requires a detailed preoperative evaluation as well as a comprehensive, staged treatment plan. Long-term follow up is needed appropriately to address ongoing craniofacial deformity.     

Bilateral maxillary dentigerous cysts: a case report

Dentigerous cysts are benign odontogenic cysts that are associated with the crowns of permanent teeth. They are usually single in occurrence and located in the mandible. Multiple cysts are reported in patients with conditions such as mucopolysaccharidosis and basal cell nevus syndrome. We present the radiologic findings of bilateral impacted maxillary cuspids with dentigerous cysts displacing the maxillary sinuses in a nonsyndromic patient, a condition that, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported.     

Severe incisor resorption by impacted maxillary canines: case report and literature review

This paper reviews the literature relating to incisor resorption caused by impacted maxillary canines, and describes the presentation and management of a patient with unusually severe early resorption. This case highlights the need for careful monitoring of maxillary canine eruption for all paediatric patients.     

Bilateral supplemental maxillary central incisors: a case report

Hyperdontia is a developmental anomaly that is hypothesized to arise from multiple causes. Supernumerary teeth may remain embedded in the alveolar bone or can erupt into the oral cavity. When such teeth remain embedded, they may cause disturbances to developing teeth. Erupted supernumerary teeth can cause aesthetic or functional problems, especially when situated in the maxillary anterior region. Before a definitive diagnosis and treatment plan can be developed, it is essential to clinically and radiographically enumerate and identify supernumerary teeth. Supplemental central incisors are rare and bilateral cases are even rarer: only five cases have been reported in the literature to date. We describe a case of bilateral supplemental maxillary central incisors and discuss the management of supernumerary teeth.     

颌骨及上颌窦Burkitt淋巴瘤1例报告及文献复习

Burkitt淋巴瘤也称为非洲淋巴瘤,多发于非洲儿童。本文报告1例发生于双侧下颌骨及左侧上颌骨及上颌窦的Burkitt淋巴瘤,并结合相关文献,对该病的发病因素、临床特征、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗原则及预后等进行讨论。     

Congenital maxillary double lip: review of the literature and report of a case

A double lip is an anomaly that may be either congenital or acquired. It occurs most often in the upper lip, although both upper and lower lips are occasionally involved. Surgical intervention (simple excision) produces good functional and cosmetic results. In this report, we describe a case of congenital double upper lip, present a review of the literature and discuss the differential diagnosis. Double lip is of special interest in dentistry because the general practitioner is often the first professional to detect and establish the diagnosis of this uncommon condition.     

Bilateral buccal radicular groove in maxillary incisors: case report

AIM: To present the rare localization of a radicular groove on the buccal aspect of a tooth and to discuss the pathology and management of the concomitant endo-periodontal defect. SUMMARY: Bilateral buccal radicular grooves were found on the maxillary central incisors of a 60-year-old female Caucasian. One groove was associated with deep local pocketing resulting in pulp necrosis and the formation of a periodontal-endodontic lesion. After endodontic treatment of the affected tooth, periodontal surgery was performed during which an apicoectomy was carried out on the root-filled tooth. Both the buccal grooves were removed by grinding, the roots were planed with curettes and a guided-tissue regeneration technique applied using amelogenin (Emdogain, Biora, Sweden). Following a period of 2 years, re-examination showed excellent healing with the complete elimination of the periodontal pocket on both incisors and significant radiographic evidence of bone regeneration. KEY LEARNING POINTS: Deep radicular grooves can predispose to pulp necrosis and the establishment of combined periodontal-endodontic lesions. Evaluation of clinical signs and appropriate diagnostic tests are of paramount importance in order to prevent incorrect diagnosis and treatment. Endodontists must be capable of performing advanced periodontal regeneration techniques during endodontic surgery.     

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the maxillary sinus: review of the literature and report of a case

A case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the maxillary sinus is reported. A brief review of the origin, histomorphology, classification, clinical presentation, behavior, prognosis, and treatment is given relative to occurrence in the maxillary antrum. Misinterpretation of the microscopic findings can delay the histologic diagnosis. An error in tissue diagnosis may be minimized by awareness of a chance encounter with this lesion.     

Primary malignant melanoma of maxillary gingiva--a case report and review of the literature

Dentists may encounter pigmented lesions in routine clinical practice. In most cases, the lesions are asymptomatic and benign in nature; however, rarely, a pigmented lesion can be a sign of malignancy. We report a case of malignant melanoma of the maxillary gingiva to highlight the importance of biopsy and periodic follow-up of patients with unusual focal pigmented lesions in the oral cavity.     

Bilateral transposition of maxillary canines and first premolars: case report.

Transposition of teeth is a rare phenomenon. A case of bilateral transposition of maxillary canines and first premolars in a 27-year-old man is described.     

Bilateral congenitally missing maxillary canines. A case report

Exclusive aplasia of maxillary permanent canines is extremely rare. There are only a few cases of this condition reported in the literature. This paper reports a case of bilateral congenitally missing canines in a healthy 11 year old male of Chinese origin. The article discusses problems in diagnosis and presents options in the management of such a case. The management option selected was the most appropriate for the family at the time of presentation.