秦川牛肉用新品系生长发育规律研究

试验旨在研究秦川牛肉用新品系生长发育特点与规律,为秦川牛肉用新品系后续选育改良提供科学依据。选取不同发育阶段(6月龄、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄和36月龄)的秦川牛肉用新品系各10头,公母各半,共50头,测量其在不同月龄的体重和体尺(包括体高、腰高、体斜长、胸围、胸深、管围、腰角宽、尻长、坐骨端宽),测量3次取平均值,计算体尺指数(体长指数、胸围指数、体躯指数、管围指数),分析体尺与体重之间的相关系数。结果发现:①无论是对于公牛还是母牛,它们在6～12月龄这个生长阶段体重和体尺的生长速度都达到最大,体长指数、胸围指数和体躯指数都是随着年龄的增长而增加。②它们的生长发育符合一般牛的生长发育特点,即最先发育的是体高,其次是体长,最后是胸围。③分析秦川牛肉用新品系体重和体尺随月龄变化的变异系数发现,在24～36月龄时生长发育趋于平缓,初步判定新品系在36月龄时就趋于体成熟。④在对体重与体尺的相关性分析中,公牛和母牛有所不同,公牛各体尺与体重的相关性结果是:体高(0.908)、腰高(0.857)、体斜长(0.856)、胸围(0.994)、胸深(0.913)、管围(0.823)、腰角宽(0.931)、尻长(0.842)、坐骨端宽(0.776);母牛各体尺与体重的相关性结果是:体高(0.909)、腰高(0.826)、体斜长(0.952)、胸围(0.985)、胸深(0.904)、管围(0.738)、腰角宽(0.943)、尻长(0.805)、坐骨端宽(0.876);公、母牛均是胸围与体重的相关性最强,且母牛各体尺与体重的相关性普遍高于公牛。综上所述,秦川牛肉用新品系在生长早期生长发育潜力大,应加强此阶段的饲养管理,使其尽快达到体成熟,同时也应注重性别的差异,公母牛要分群饲养管理,以便获得最大养殖效益。     

性别对西门塔尔牛不同部位肉质特性影响的研究

为了分析评价性别对西门塔尔牛不同部位肉质差异化特征的影响。本实验选择同一营养条件下,24月龄健康西门塔尔牛进行屠宰,采集背最长肌、冈下肌、股二头肌三个部位,进行肉质性状(失水率、剪切力、蒸煮损失率、色度、pH)、营养品质(脂肪、蛋白质、水分、氨基酸)、安全性等方面的检测对比分析。结果表明:西门塔尔公牛与母牛的股二头肌剪切力值、亮度值差异显著(P<0.05),背最长肌失水率之间差异显著(P<0.05),冈下肌红色度值之间差异极显著(P<0.01),冈下肌脂肪含量之间差异显著(P<0.05);公牛与母牛EAA/TAA%、EAA/NEAA%差异不显著(P>0.05),鲜味和甜味氨基酸占总氨基酸含量达50.14%和48.70%;公牛背最长肌硬度、弹性、粘着性、咀嚼性指标数值均低于母牛,回复性指标数值高于母牛。说明24月龄西门塔尔母牛肉品肉质性状及食用品质均优于公牛,且肉品安全性达到绿色食品的生产要求。     

阿尔登马杂交改良伊犁马效果分析与研究

本研究对阿尔登马杂交改良伊犁马后代的体尺、体重发育规律的测定,用于分析杂交后代的品种改良效果;对阿尔登马杂交改良伊犁马后代的屠宰性能进行测定,用于分析阿尔登马杂交改良伊犁马后代的产肉性能,为伊犁马肉用型品种的培育提供基础数据和理论支持。阿尔登马杂交改良伊犁马后代的体尺、体重发育规律测定的结果表明,杂交后代的杂交优势明显,各项体尺指标均显示阿尔登马极显著性高于肉杂马(P<0.01),肉杂马极显著高于伊犁马(P<0.01),生长发育水平总体呈现出阿尔登马>肉杂马>伊犁马的趋势;对阿尔登马杂交改良伊犁马后代屠宰性能测定的结果表明肉杂马的宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重均极显著性高于伊犁马(P<0.01),屠宰率、净肉率均显著性高于伊犁马(P<0.05),胴体净肉率、肉骨比则无显著性差异(P>0.05)。伊犁马与阿尔登马的肉杂马具有很强的杂交优势,生长发育水平及产肉性能相较于伊犁马均有很大的提升,因此以伊犁马作为母本进行杂交改良以期早日培育出伊犁马肉用型品种是可以实现的。     

游泳运动对老龄小鼠骨骼肌收缩蛋白基因表达的影响

目的:观察游泳运动对老龄小鼠骨骼肌收缩蛋白基因表达的影响。方法:2月龄雌性ICR小鼠8只(C2),10月龄雌性ICR小鼠32只随机分为10月龄对照组(C10)、12月龄对照组(C12)、12月龄每日运动组(共10周,S1)和12月龄隔日运动组(共10周,S2)(分组命名以取材时间为准)。实验结束后取右侧股直肌,利用RT-PCR方法测定各种收缩蛋白:肌球蛋白重链各亚型(Ⅰ、Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅱx型)及肌动蛋白(α-actin)基因(mRNA)的表达。结果:C10组股直肌Ⅱa型MHC表达显著上升而Ⅱx型则显著下降(P<0.05)。C12组Ⅱb型MHC的表达则较C10组有明显的下降(P<0.01)。两运动组Ⅱa型MHC的表达均比C12组有明显的提高(P<0.01),Ⅱx型则均显著下降(P<0.01)。S2组α-actin表达低于S1组(P<0.05),Ⅱa型MHC则显著高于S1组(P<0.01)。结论:增龄使小鼠股直肌中Ⅱb-MHC和Ⅱx-MHC均出现下调,而Ⅱa-MHC则出现上调。游泳运动可分别使Ⅱa-MHC和Ⅱx-MHC出现明显的上调和下调。     

在夏季天然草场放牧加补饲对瑞士褐牛与新疆褐牛杂交后代体重、体尺的影响

选健康、发育正常的4月龄左右的瑞士褐牛与新疆褐牛杂交后代犊牛16头,经配对后(t检验差异不显著)分为两个处理组,每组8头(公母各半),每天分别补饲0、1kg精料。结果表明:在放牧条件下,补饲未显著提高杂交后代犊牛在饲喂试验14、28、42d时的体重、体高、体斜长、胸围及管围(P>0.05)。与放牧组相比,放牧加补饲组14d时的体重、体高、体斜长、胸围及管围分别提高2.93%、4.19%、2.18%、0.48%、3.35%;28d时体重、体高、胸围及管围分别提高3.9%、3.62%、2.55%、1.31%;42d时体重、体高、体斜长及胸围分别提高5.49%、2.05%、3.05%、1.26%。随放牧时间的延长,0~28d放牧组和放牧加补饲组在体重、体高、体斜长、胸围及管围均逐渐增加,但在28~42d期间,放牧组、放牧加补饲组在体重、体高、体斜长、胸围及管围几乎没有增加。结论:在天然草场少雨、牧草干旱的放牧条件下,仅靠7-9月天然草场不能发挥瑞士褐牛与新疆褐牛杂交后代犊牛的生长性能,在此条件下,为充分发挥杂交后代犊牛的生长性能,在8-9月牧草条件较差的情况下应加大精料补饲量。     

萨福克羊在哈密地区生长状态观察

2014年哈密地区开展了萨福克羊冻胚移植,笔者选择三个养殖场部分胚胎移植萨福克羊进行跟踪调查,从初生重、3月龄、6月龄、12月龄体重及体尺进行测定,收集相关数据结果显示:A、B、C场初生重差异不显著(P＞0.05),3月龄C场公羔体斜长与胸围差异均显著(P＜0.05);数据表明:在营养较好的条件下,萨福克公羔生长速度快;6月龄C场与A场、B场公羔相比较体重、胸围差异均显著(P＜0.05);12月龄A、C场公、母羊体重及体尺与B场公、母羊体重及体尺差极异显著(P＜0.01).A、B、C场羊只冬春季脉搏稍高于夏秋季,冬春季体温、脉搏、呼吸频率与夏秋季无差异(P＞.05).萨福克育成羊繁殖率均在125％以上,接近于原产地水平,具有良好的繁殖性能.在饲养管理差的情况下,易患呼吸道疾病、异食癖时有发生,出现生长受阻.结果表明:在饲养条件良好环境下生长发育良好,生理指标正常,抗病力强,适应性好.     

优秀网球运动员伤后康复训练期间机能监测和恢复方法的研究:个案分析

目的:通过系统的机能监测、康复训练和营养恢复,探索网球运动员踝关节术后个性化的恢复方法。方法:优秀女子网球运动员因伤行左踝关节镜下后关节囊切开、游离体取出及病变滑膜切除术,在术后历时4个月(8～12月)的康复训练前、中以及结束时,测试运动员体成分,血常规、血生化,营养学指标以及生理指标;在膳食调查基础上,采用"运动员及大众膳食营养分析与管理系统"分析能量及各种营养素摄入量,结合训练安排实施营养干预措施。结果:(1)术后1个月(8月),运动员体重和瘦体重明显下降,体脂百分比升高;静息心率显著升高(P<0.05)。热能、蛋白质、维生素和矿物质摄入均低于推荐值90%;(2)术后3个月(10月),运动员瘦体重显著增至43.7千克,体脂百分比降至24.5%(P<0.05);热能、蛋白质、维生素和矿物质摄入均高于推荐值90%,血红蛋白、血清铁、总蛋白和白蛋白均有所提高;(3)8～12月康复训练期,血常规和血生化指标基本正常;安静心率、同负荷运动心率和恢复心率均显著下降(P<0.05)。结论:网球运动员踝关节术后应及早开始机能监测、康复训练和营养恢复等措施;通过这些措施能改善运动员营养和机能状况,提高训练和比赛的适应能力,为其尽快重返赛场发挥支持作用。     

新疆规模羊场萨福克与湖羊杂交应用试验

为建立适应新疆规模化羊场的杂交生产体系,提高种羊利用率及当地绵羊的生产性能,以萨福克羊为父本、湖羊为母本,在规模羊场开展杂交应用试验。以出生日龄相近的萨湖F1为试验组,湖羊羔羊为对照组,测定初生重、2月龄重、4月龄重、6月龄体重、6月龄体尺等生长指标及宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率和净肉率等屠宰性能指标。结果表明,萨湖F1羔羊的2月龄重、4月龄重、6月龄体重及日增重显著高于湖羊F1羔羊(P0.05),6月龄萨湖F1羔羊平均宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率及净肉率显著高于湖羊F1羔羊(P0.05)。利用萨福克杂交改良规模羊场湖羊,可以显著提高羔羊的生长发育,杂种优势显著。     

萨福克羊与巴什拜羊杂交一代羔羊产肉性能测定

选择3～4岁、体重相近的适龄巴什拜羊母羊90只作母本,成年萨福克公羊、巴什拜公羊各2只作父本,分别组成1个萨♂×巴♀杂交组与1个巴♂×巴♀对照组。采用人工授精的方法,于2002年9月-11月配种,2003年4月中旬产羔完毕,哺乳期4个月,在相同的饲养环境下,于2003年12月中旬(即8月龄时)进行屠宰试验和产肉性能分析。结果表明,杂交组后代胴体重、净肉重分别比对照组高5.15kg、4.46kg。增重极显著(P<0.01)。     

特克塞尔×哈萨克羊F1代体重和体尺相关分析

本试验旨在探讨特克塞尔×哈萨克羊F1代体重和体尺的相关关系,为通过体尺指标估计体重提供科学的理论依据。选取测定记录中6月龄特哈杂交F1代公羔62只、母羔62只,共计124只。测量其体重(Y)、体高(X1)、胸宽(X2)、胸深(X3)、体斜长(X4)、胸围(X5)、单腿围(X6)、管围(X7),运用SPSS19.0软件对特哈杂交F1代羔羊的体重和体尺进行相关分析、逐步线性回归分析。结果表明,特哈杂交F1代的体重和体高、胸宽、胸深、体斜长、胸围、单腿围、管围均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),体斜长与体重相关程度最高,胸宽与体重相关程度最低,相关系数分别为0.70、0.41。体高与单腿围的相关性未达到显著水平,胸宽与体高和管围之间为负相关,其余各体尺指标间均达到极显著正相关(P<0.01)。经逐步回归分析,将体斜长、单腿围、管围纳入回归方程。最优回归方程为:Y=0.780X4+1.005X6+4.125X7-87.391。回归方程的决定系数R2=0.64,拟合程度较高。     

Late effects in mouse heart after 60Co gamma-irradiation of the brain: an ultrastructural study

A single dose of 8 or 20 Gy 60Co gamma-rays was given to C3H male mice at 4 months of age. Degenerative changes in the cardiac muscle due to brain irradiation were observed first at 6 months after irradiation, and became progressively more severe at 12-24 months. The changes seen at the ultrastructural level included myofibrillolysis, the presence of lysosomal-like bodies and interstitial fibrosis. Ultrastructural changes in the control cardiac muscle throughout the experimental period were monitored and only minor aging changes were noted. The coronary arteries of control mice began to show a slight amount of smooth muscle degeneration and fibrosis 1 year into the experiment. At 18 months the lesions became more severe, and at 24 months there was relatively less distinction between the control and the 20 Gy treated group. Degenerative changes in the coronary arteries were noticed at 6 months after irradiation, and became progressively more severe at later times (12-24 months). The major changes included smooth muscle degeneration with fibrosis and the accumulation of debris and extracellular matrix. At 18 months the medial smooth muscle showed severe damage, with accumulations of matrix material and debris. There was additional fibrosis in the adventitial layer. There were few additional changes at 24 months after 20 Gy irradiation. Quantitative analyses indicated that the average fractional volumes of degenerated smooth muscle cells were 13, 27 and 39% in the unirradiated group at 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively, and 13 and 29% in the sham-irradiated group at 12 and 18 months into the experiment, respectively. These percentages were 12, 32 and 49% (P less than 0.05) after 8 Gy irradiation, and 19% (P less than 0.05), 46% (P less than 0.01), and 42% after 20 Gy irradiation, respectively.     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换对骨性关节炎患者早期疗效及膝前痛的影响

目的：探讨全膝关节置换术中是否进行髌骨置换对骨性关节炎患者的临床疗效及术后疼痛的影响。方法笔者采用随机数字表法将骨科2011年5月～2013年7月收治的93例行人工全膝关节置换术患者分为髌骨置换组43例和未置换组50例,比较两组患者治疗前与治疗后不同时间的相关指标变化差异。结果术前髌骨置换组与非置换组的膝关节KSS（美国膝关节协会）评分、Feller评分差异不显著（ P＞0．05）;术后第3、6、12个月髌骨置换组膝关节KSS评分、Feller评分显著高于非置换组（P＜0．05）;术前髌骨置换组与非置换组的膝关节视觉模拟评分（VAS）差异不显著（P＞0．05）;术后第3、6、12个月髌骨置换组膝关节VAS评分显著低于非置换组（P＜0．05）;两组患者术前、术后的胫股角,髌韧带比值,关节活动度ROM屈、伸值在两组间比较差异均不显著（ P＞0．05）;术后第12个月两组患者的胫股角、髌韧带比值,关节活动度ROM屈、伸值较治疗前均显著好转（ P＜0．05）。结论全膝关节置换术中进行髌骨置换对改善膝关节功能评分、髌骨评分、术后疼痛评分均有显著的效果。     

吸烟人群戒烟后运动心肺功能变化跟踪研究

目的跟踪监测长期吸烟者戒烟后运动心肺功能变化情况,探讨戒烟对机体的心肺功能的改善作用。方法应用运动心肺检查负荷递增方案,跟踪监测12名长期吸烟者在戒烟后运动心肺功能的变化情况,记录并比较其戒烟前、戒烟后6、12、18、24个月时心肺功能核心指标变化情况。结果戒烟后原吸烟者最大心率、最大耗氧量、无氧阈、最大二氧化碳排出量、最大每分通气量等主要心肺功能指标均有改善,戒烟12个月以后改善显著,18个月之后上述指标较12个月继续改善,至观察期结束各项指标保持稳定。结论吸烟者戒烟后心肺功能逐渐改善,机体心肺功能储备得到部分恢复,运动能力提高。     

Skin and gonadal dose reduction during hip radiography of the bull

Radiology is being used to an increasing extent in the clinical diagnosis of hip lameness in bulls. Consequent gonadal doses may have important implications in later breeding programmes. Skin and gonadal doses were recorded during hip radiography of 18 bulls. An additional 0.13 mm copper filtration reduced skin dose by more than one third, but had no effect on gonadal dose. The average radiation dose to the gonads was approximately halved by completely surrounding the scrotum with lead sheeting 0.95 mm in thickness.     

芪明颗粒联合玻璃酸钠治疗干眼症临床疗效观察

目的：观察芪明颗粒联合玻璃酸钠治疗干眼症临床疗效。方法选择2014年6月～2015年6月收治的干眼症患者60例（120眼）,随机分为两组,Ⅰ组30例（60眼）给与玻璃酸钠滴眼液4次／日,Ⅱ组30例（60眼）同时联合芪明颗粒3次／日冲剂口服。两组均治疗8周。结果治疗后Ⅱ组临床总有效率,显著高于Ⅰ组（ P＜0．05）;治疗前两组患者眼部症状评分、相关有效性指标及心理状态比较,均无显著差别（ P＞0．05）,治疗后Ⅱ组眼部症状评分、相关有效性指标及心理状态改善情况均显著优于Ⅰ组（ P＜0．05）。结论芪明颗粒联合玻璃酸钠治疗干眼症临床效果显著,可有效改善患者症状。     

188Re-tin-colloid as a new therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis

Radiation synovectomy is a useful treatment modality in patients with refractory synovitis. We have developed a 188Re-tin-colloid as a new radiopharmaceutical agent and investigated its efficacy and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Radiation synovectomy was performed using 188Re-tin-colloid in 22 knees from 21 rheumatoid arthritis patients refractory to intra-articular corticosteroid injection. The efficacy and safety of administration of 370-1110 MBq of 188Re-tin-colloid were evaluated after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Pain intensity on a visual analogue scale decreased significantly 12 months after therapy (mean+/-SD: 68.0+/-26.1 mm vs. 25.1+/-23.4 mm; P=0.0001 by the paired t-test). Pain decreased in 19 cases (86.3%), joint tenderness improved in 14 cases (63.6%) and joint swelling was reduced in all cases (100%). 188Re-tin-colloid was safe. The residual activity of 188Re in the blood was 0.077%+/-0.25% of the injected dose. The radioactivity of 188Re in the urine was 0.14%+/-0.13% of the injected dose. Transient reactive synovitis was observed in 18 cases (81.8%). No clinical side-effects or abnormalities in leucocyte count, platelet count, liver function tests or urine analysis were observed in any patient. In conclusion, in this first study of radiation synovectomy using 188Re-tin-colloid for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the treatment resulted in the improvement of arthritis and was well tolerated.     

Role of multislice computed tomography in the diagnosis of gene-mutation-associated pancreatitis (GMAP)

Purpose

The aim of this study was to review the computed tomography (CT) features of the pancreatic parenchyma and ducts in patients with gene-mutation-associated pancreatitis (GMAP).

Materials and methods

Twenty-five patients with GMAP were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the time interval between the onset of symptoms and the first CT examination (group A ≤24 months and group B >25 months).

Results

On qualitative image assessment, in group A patients, pancreatic duct stones were detected in 2/13 with GMAP. All stones were calcified and homogenous. Enhancement of the pancreatic parenchyma was hypovascular in 7/13 patients. In group B patients, pancreatic duct stones were detected in 12/12 with GMAP. Stones were calcified in 10/12 cases and noncalcified (protein plugs) in 2/12; in 5/10 cases, the calcified stones were heterogeneous with noncalcified central core (bull’s-eye appearance). Enhancement of the pancreatic parenchyma was hypovascular in 12/12 patients. On quantitative image assessment, in group A patients, the mean diameter of duct stones was 0.6 mm (range 0–5 mm). Mean diameter of the main duct in the pancreatic head and body/tail was 4.8 mm and 4.9 mm, respectively. In group B patients, the mean diameter of duct stones was 21.9 mm (range 2–50 mm). Mean diameter of the main duct in the pancreatic head and body/tail was 18.8 mm and 13.9 mm, respectively.

Conclusions|

In patients with GMAP and time interval between symptom onset and first CT scan ≤24 months (group A), CT identified normal or slightly increased parenchymal thickness and a main pancreatic duct of normal calibre and without duct stones. In contrast, in patients with GMAP and time interval between symptom onset and first CT scan >25 months (group B), it identified large-calibre duct stones with bull’s-eye appearance.     

Side effects of anabolic androgenic steroids abuse

Long-term side effects of high doses of anabolic androgenic steroids self-administration were evaluated in this study. Twenty male bodybuilders, voluntarily starting steroid self-administration, were followed every 6 months over 2 years. Physical examination, haematological, metabolic and endocrine variables, semen analysis, hepatic and prostate ultrasound and echocardiographic evaluations were performed. LH values (baseline 3.43 +/- 1.75) were suppressed at 18 (1.98 +/- 1.99) (p = 0.026) and 24 (2.43 +/- 2.17) (p = 0.026), and FSH (3.95 +/- 2.01) at 6 (3.01 +/- 2.16) (p = 0.031), 12 (2.45 +/- 2.54) (p = 0.029), 18 (2.02 +/- 2.29) (p = 0.032) and 24 (3.42 +/- 2.64) (p = 0.032) months and SHBG (34.11 +/- 10.88) values significantly lowered at 12 (24.81 +/- 12.49) (p < 0.05), 18 (21.28 +/- 11.15) (p < 0.01), 24 months (25.42 +/- 11.16) (p < 0.01). A significant decrease in spermatozoa count (p < 0.01), and fertility index (p = 0.01) occurred. HDL-cholesterol (baseline 56.94 +/- 13.54) was reduced at 18 (41.86 +/- 14.17) (p < 0.01) and 24 (43.82 +/- 18.67) (p < 0.05) months and Apo A-1 at 12 (p < 0.001), 18 (p = 0.05) and 24 (p = 0.05) months. The most important long-term adverse effects were lower fertility and the impairment of lipid profile associated with an increased cardiovascular risk.