跨腕关节外固定器在桡骨远端陈旧性骨折中的应用

目的 分析桡骨远端有限切开复位、跨腕关节外固定器固定治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折的效果.方法 2006年3月至2008年3月,应用桡骨下端切开复位、跨腕关节外固定器固定治疗桡骨远端陈旧性骨折患者16例18侧,年龄29～72岁(平均52.6岁),其中Colles骨折13例15侧,Smith骨折3例3侧.桡骨下端复位及植骨后,以外固定器协助复位及静力性固定.方果 随访时间4～30个月,平均16个月;骨折愈合时间6～12周,平均8.7周.根据Gartland与Werley腕关节评分标准评定:优11侧,良4侧,可3侧;优良率为83.3%.方论 有限切开复位、跨腕关节外固定器固定治疗桡骨陈旧性远端骨折,手术操作简单,组织损伤小,有利于术后早期功能锻炼,促进骨折愈合,是桡骨远端陈旧性骨折的一种有效治疗方法.     

腕关节镜辅助可动力化外固定器技术治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折

目的采用腕关节镜辅助可动力化外固定器技术治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折,并初步评价其治疗效果。方法15例桡骨远端关节内骨折患者,采用腕关节镜辅助可动力化外固定器技术治疗。常规X线片检查结合腕关节镜观察,测量手术前后尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨短缩、关节面“台阶”和关节内骨折缝隙。患者主观症状用疼痛标尺法测量,腕关节功能按Sarmiento改良的Gartland-Werley计分法评价。结果术后患肢掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨短缩和关节内骨折复位情况除2例关节内骨折缝隙大于2mm外,均获得满意效果;患者疼痛计分平均1.2分;腕关节功能优10例,良4例,一般1例。结论通过本组病例观察,可动力化外固定器技术可以较好地维持桡骨远端关节内骨折的稳定。腕关节镜手术有助于精确恢复关节面的平整。两项技术的结合使用较好地解决了维持桡骨关节面高度和恢复关节面平整的问题。     

动力跨关节型外固定架在不稳定性桡骨远端骨折中的应用

目的 探讨手法复位或辅以有限内固定结合动力跨关节型外固定架跨腕关节固定治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的效果.方法 应用手法复位或辅以内固定结合动力跨关节型外固定架跨腕关节固定治疗35例不稳定性桡骨远端骨折,骨折愈合后拆除外固定架.结果 随访6～16个月,骨折愈合时间7～9周.最后一次随访时,按Cooney腕关节评分系统(包括疼痛、功能状况、腕关节活动度、握力):优18例,良14例,可1例,优良率为91.4%.结论 手法复位或辅以有限内固定结合动力跨关节型外固定架跨腕关节固定治疗桡骨远端骨折既能使骨折复位、固定满意,又有利于术后早期手和腕部的功能康复锻炼,是治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的有效方法.     

跨腕关节外固定器治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折

目的 回顾分析闭合复位、单侧外固定器跨腕关节固定治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的效果。方法 2000年6月～2005年3月，利用外固定器跨腕关节固定治疗45例50侧不稳定性桡骨远端骨折，年龄15～78岁（平均44．8岁）。骨折按AO分型：A3型5例5侧，B3型4例4侧，C1型3例3侧，C2型9例9侧，C3型24例29侧。手法或外固定器协助复位，外固定器静力性固定，骨折愈合后拆除外固定器。随访8～48个月（平均20个月）。结果 骨折愈合时间6～8周，平均7．6周。4例4侧出现针道表浅感染，经口服抗生素及局部换药后好转。最后一次随访时，影像学评估（Stewan改良的Sarmiento评分）：优39例42侧，良6例8侧。腕关节功能按Garland与Werley功能评分标准：优34例37侧，良8例9侧，可3例4侧，优良率为92％。结论 闭合复位、单侧外固定器跨腕关节静力性固定桡骨远端骨折，通过选择合适的外固定针置入部位，可以避免桡神经损伤及第二掌骨医源性骨折，减少针道感染及松动等并发症的发生，并有利于术后早期行手部功能锻炼；无需辅助性植骨促进骨折愈合，是不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的有效治疗方法。     

动力跨关节型外固定架治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折

[目的]探讨手法复位或辅以有限内固定结合动力跨关节型外固定架跨腕关节固定治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的效果.[方法]应用手法复位或辅以内固定结合动力跨关节型外固定架跨腕关节固定治疗65例不稳定性桡骨远端骨折,骨折愈合后拆除外固定架.[结果]随访6～16个月,骨折愈合时间7～9周.最后一次随访时,按Cooney腕关节评分系统(包括疼痛、功能状况、腕关节活动度、握力):优40例,良21例,可2例,差2例,优良率为93.8%.[结论]手法复位或辅以有限内固定结合动力跨关节型外固定架跨腕关节固定治疗桡骨远端骨折既能使骨折复位、固定满意,又有利于术后早期手和腕部的功能康复锻炼,是治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的有效方法.     

急诊闭合复位外固定器固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的体会

目的 总结采用急诊闭合手法复位和外固定器固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的经验体会.方法 采用急诊闭合手法复位和单侧外固定器固定治疗53例桡骨远端骨折.结果 患者获6～12个月随访,骨折均一期愈合.Dienst功能评分:优33例,良16例,可4例,优良率为92.5％.结论 急诊闭合手法复位加跨腕外固定器固定治疗桡骨远端骨折具有创伤小、能及早消除患肢肿胀的特点,有利于病情恢复,是治疗桡骨远端骨折的一种理想方法.     

桡骨远端Barton骨折的微创治疗

目的探讨桡骨远端Barton骨折微创治疗的可行性。方法采用自行设计的新型外固定器,结合经皮撬拨、有限切开复位和经皮克氏针固定等微创技术治疗桡骨远端Barton骨折18例。结果术后3、12个月腕关节的活动范围较对侧正常腕关节相比无差异,桡骨高度和尺偏角较对侧正常腕关节相比无差异,掌倾角分别恢复53·7%、52·8%,小于对侧正常腕关节。Sarmiento功能评分:优11例,良5例,一般2例。结论新型外固定器能有效维持桡骨远端骨折的复位,使桡骨远端骨折的微创治疗成为可能。     

切开复位内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折移位

切开复位内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折移位何志晶何洪生摘译苗旭漫审校采用切开复位，Ｔ—钢板内固定治疗３１例复位困难或闭合复位失败的桡骨远端关节内骨折。随访时间４年（３～７年）。术后腕关节掌侧倾斜角、桡骨下端长度、关节对合及关节内骨折片的复位均明显改善...     

弹性钉与外固定治疗儿童桡骨远端干骺区骨折

目的探讨弹性髓内钉内固定技术与外固定器技术治疗儿童桡骨远端干骺区骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2017年4月至2021年3月我院收治的儿童桡骨远端干骺区骨折患者65例, 采用弹性髓内钉内固定治疗27例和外固定器治疗38例。弹性钉组中5例、外固定组中12例行辅助撬拨复位, 其余病例均闭合复位。以改良Green-O′Brien腕关节评分比较术后6周和末次随访时患儿肢体功能恢复情况, 以独立样本t检验比较两组病例患侧腕关节屈伸侧偏和前臂旋转功能的差异, P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果术后随访时间为12～15个月, 平均13个月。术后6周, 外固定组的改良Green-O′Brien评分和腕关节、前臂活动范围均优于弹性钉组(P<0.05)。末次随访时, 两组病例的改良Green-O′Brien评分均为优, 该评分和腕关节、前臂活动范围两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论弹性钉内固定技术和外固定器技术均可用于复位固定儿童桡骨远端干骺区骨折, 并可获得满意疗效, 临床应根据患儿和家属的具体诉求进行选择, 以发挥方便护理和早期康复的不同优势。     

跨腕关节外固定器治疗骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折疗效分析

目的探讨跨腕关节外固定器治疗骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折的疗效及并发症。方法回顾性分析我科2014年9月至2016年5月,采用跨腕关节外固定器治疗的骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折患者43例。男17例,女26例;年龄54～76岁;FernandezⅠ型6例,Ⅱ型11例,Ⅲ型8例,Ⅳ型12例,Ⅴ型6例。观察桡骨远端骨折愈合率、愈合后桡骨远端高度短缩、掌倾角、尺偏角、Gartland-Werley腕关节功能评分及并发症发生情况。结果 43例术后均获得随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均(12±4)个月。所有骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间(7±2)周。术后桡骨短缩平均≤3mm,术后3个月掌倾角为(11±2)°,尺偏角为(25.8±4.4)°。Gartland-Werley腕关节功能评分平均3.6分。13例出现相关并发症,包括1例漏诊腕部下尺桡关节半脱位;1例外固定效果丢失,改为钢板内固定手术;4例出现钉道感染;2例局部软组织疼痛,使用非甾体抗炎药(nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug,NSAID)后治愈,1例桡神经浅支激惹出现虎口区感觉稍减退,给予甲钴胺片口服,外固定架拆除后2个月,麻木症状消失;1例术中拇长伸肌肌腱部分损伤,但术后未出现功能障碍,4例出现腕关节僵硬,经康复治疗后好转。无神经、血管损伤病例。结论骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折采用外固定器治疗,虽并发症发病率高于钢板内固定,但其骨折愈合率及远期关节功能恢复效果基本等同于钢板内固定。外固定器相关并发症经过适当处理,在治疗结束后均未对患肢功能造成严重影响。采用外固定器治疗骨质疏松性桡骨远端骨折疗效可靠,并发症可控。     

Minimally invasive reduction and osteosynthesis of articular fractures of the distal radius

Treatment of displaced fractures of the distal radius has changed over the course of time. For many years, closed reduction with plaster immobilization was considered the treatment of choice. Subsequent use of pins and plaster, percutaneous pin fixation, and the development of external fixation devices all contributed to improving fracture stability. More recently a new generation of external fixation devices has been developed to permit distraction and palmar translation. In addition, over the past twenty years, we have seen the development of more sophisticated internal fixation devices for the treatment of displaced fractures of the distal radius. The indications for open reduction and internal fixation have been defined largely on the basis of numerous studies which support the concept that articular malreduction is predictive of traumatic arthritis and poor functional result. Knirk and Jupiter have reported poor results for intra-articular fractures of the distal radius having an articular step-off greater than 2 mm. More recently, wrist arthroscopy has been used to improve visualization of articular surfaces and aid fracture reduction. In addition, bone grafting techniques have been employed more frequently to accelerate fracture healing. With improvement in techniques, we are able to provide our patients with better functional results and return them to their activities of daily living and vocation more rapidly.     

Fractures of the distal radius. Current concepts for treatment

The authors review the treatment of fractures of the distal radius, based on their experience and from data in the literature. The choice of a treatment for any given fracture must take into account first of all the stability of the fracture. The best results are achieved in stable fractures. Only minimally displaced distal radius fractures can be treated functionally. However, a plaster cast for one week is indicated for the comfort of the patient. In displaced but stable fractures both closed reduction and percutaneous fixation are indicated. In case of closed reduction, the plaster cast should be applied for 5 to 6 weeks with an above-elbow cast for 3 weeks. Percutaneous fixation gives the best results in extraarticular fractures in younger patients. Because of its simplicity however, it should not be ignored in the elderly osteoporotic patients. In the authors' experience, both techniques were only used for extraarticular fractures. Good and excellent results were found in the closed reduction and plaster cast group in 74% of the patients; the Kapandji technique gave 75% good and excellent results. These results are in line with other findings which show that, for simple fracture types, the Kapandji technique and closed reduction seem to give similar results. External fixation is widely used for intra-articular comminuted fractures. Dynamic external fixation does not show any advantage over static devices. Additional K-wires or bone grafting may be necessary. External fixation gives superior results to plate and screw fixation. Internal fixation should be reserved for fractures with ventral comminution or severe displacement with unacceptable reduction by closed or minimally invasive techniques.     

Fractures of the distal radius treated with a nonbridging external fixation technique using multiplanar k-wires

PURPOSE: Joint-bridging external fixation is a minimally invasive treatment option for distal radius fractures. Although radial length can be restored easily the anatomic reduction of articular fragments and restoration of the normal volar tilt proves to be more difficult. A method of nonbridging hybrid fixation of distal radius fractures facilitates fracture reduction and allows for free wrist movement. METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive patients with fractures of the distal radius were treated with nonbridging external fixation for 6 weeks. The stepwise surgical technique comprised a preliminary joint-bridging construction for reduction purposes, the subsequent insertion of 3 to 4 K-wires in the distal fragment, the assembling of wires to a bar nearly parallel to the fracture line, and lastly the removal of the joint-bridging part. Clinical and radiologic evaluation was performed on the first and seventh days and at 6 weeks and 2 years after surgery. RESULTS: All fractures united. Palmar tilt (> or =0 degrees ) and articular surface (articular step-off < 2 mm) were restored in all patients whereas loss of radial length occurred in 4 patients having the distal fracture fragment secured with 3 K-wires. No radial shortening was seen in fractures with 4 K-wires inserted in the distal fragment. Functional results at 2 years after surgery showed an average extension of 55 degrees and flexion of 64 degrees without significant differences between extra-articular and intra-articular fractures. There was no extensor tendinitis or pin loosening in the distal fragment; however, 3 pin track infections of proximal pins occurred. CONCLUSIONS: This surgical technique of nonbridging external fixation is a good treatment option for distal radius fractures: it permits wrist movement. We recommend the insertion of 4 K-wires in the distal fracture fragment.     

外固定架加掌侧钢板治疗桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折

[目的]探讨外固定支架结合掌侧钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折的疗效。[方法]自2004年2月~2008年2月采用外固定支架结合掌侧钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折35例。男23例,女12例:平均年龄41.6岁。按AO/ASIF分型均为C3型。其中闭合性骨折30例,开放性骨折5例。[结果]术后随访24~118个月,平均37个月,35例骨折均获得愈合。术后1年随访,32例关节面台阶2mm,3例关节面台阶2mm;平均桡骨高11.11mm(8~15mm);平均掌倾角8.37°(-5~20°);平均尺偏角21.83°(13~25°)。与健侧相比,尺偏角、桡骨高的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),掌倾角较健侧相比平均丢失了2.69°,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。根据Gartland-Werley腕关节评分标准,优良率为91%。[结论]外固定支架结合切开复位掌侧钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折效果满意,病人腕关节、前臂及手的功能恢复好,术后创伤性骨关节炎的发生率低,并发症少,病人主观满意率高,是目前比较安全有效的方法。     

Principles of external fixation and supplementary techniques in distal radius fractures

External fixation for fractures of the distal radius has been used for almost 80 years. The main objective is to gain reduction and maintain the reduction throughout the treatment period. Several fixator concepts are available and selection is based on the complexity of the injury to be treated as well as the surgeon's experience. Periarticular application of the fixator with immediate use of the wrist joint is recommended whenever possible. For intra-articular fractures, transarticular application is advisable. External fixtion in complex fractures has to be supplemented by bone grafting, fixation wires and stabilization of the radioulnar joint. Associated injuries in distal radius fractures need to be identified and treated. The possible complications of external fixation and the means to prevent them are discussed. External fixation of the distal radius has found its place as an established method in treating certain types of this common fracture.     

桡骨远端关节内骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨桡骨远端关节内骨折的手术治疗及临床效果。方法手术治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折患者35例。按AO／ASIF分类,根据不同类型分别采用“T”钢板内固定、闭合复位外支架及闭合复位外支架克氏针联合固定术。结果35例经5～16个月随访,按照Dinest腕关节功能评估,总优良率84．2％,其中钢板内同定组15／17,单纯外支架组11／13,外支架联合克氏针组4／5。结论依据桡骨远端关节内不同类型骨折,分别采用相应手术固定方法,对恢复桡骨相对长度、掌倾度、尺偏角、关节面的平整以及腕关节的功能极为重要。     

The application of indirect reduction techniques in the distal radius

Purpose: The re-establishment of distal radius alignment and articular congruency after fracture has been approached by a variety of methods in order to limit injury sequelae such as degenerative osteoarthritis. Although arthroscopy has been beneficial for other articular fractures, it is unclear to what degree arthroscopy should be used for treatment of distal radius articular fractures, especially when avoiding full-open procedures that can promote arthrofibrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of adjuvant wrist arthroscopy and whether a diagnostic benefit is observed during treatment. Type of Study: A modified protocol for treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures was developed in a crossover trial fashion for the purposes of this study. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three consecutive subjects treated over a 2-year period were included for study. Fractures were classified according to Melone, treated by indirect reduction techniques under fluoroscopic visualization, stabilized by static external fixation, and supplemented with percutaneous pins or bone graft as needed. The adequacy of reduction under fluoroscopic visualization was assessed by arthroscopic visualization after this initial treatment. Results: 14.3% of type I fractures, 37.5% of type II fractures, 33.3% of type III fractures, and 71.4% of type IV fractures were modified due to arthroscopic visualization after initial treatment by indirect reduction techniques. No subject required a full-open procedure for subsequent reduction. Conclusions: Based on these data, surgical treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures solely under fluoroscopic visualization appears inadequate to re-establish articular congruency. Adjuvant wrist arthroscopy provides a diagnostic benefit in determining whether distal radius articular fracture reduction is adequate and may also translate to direct improvement in patient satisfaction and outcome by limiting injury sequelae. When considering indirect reduction techniques for distal radius articular injury, we recommend routine arthroscopic evaluation to verify and assist in re-establishment of articular congruency.     

Arthroscopic reduction versus fluoroscopic reduction in the management of intra-articular distal radius fractures

PurposeAlthough arthroscopy offers an unparalleled view of intra-articular pathology, its use in the treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures remains controversial. This study was designed to compare functional and radiologic outcomes of arthroscopically assisted (AA) versus fluoroscopically assisted (FA) reduction and external fixation of distal radius fractures.Type of studyRetrospective, case-matched comparison of 2 different procedures.MethodsBetween January 1995 and December 1999, 15 patients with comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures underwent AA external fixation and percutaneous pinning. Fifteen patients underwent external fixation and FA reduction and pinning. Patients in both groups were matched for fracture pattern and age.ResultsFollow-up evaluation consisted of an evaluation of grip strength and range of motion as well as radiographic evaluation of palmar tilt, radial shortening, stepoff, and degenerative changes. Health-related quality of life outcomes were assessed using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. Patients who underwent AA surgery had significantly improved supination compared with those who underwent FA surgery (88° v 73°; P = .02). AA reduction also resulted in improved wrist extension (mean, 77° v 69°; P = .01) and wrist flexion (mean, 78° v 59°; P = .02). Radial shortening, Knirk and Jupiter congruity grades, and DASH scores were similar for both groups.ConclusionsAA reduction and fixation of intra-articular distal radius fractures permits a more thorough inspection of the ulnar-sided components of the injury. At follow-up evaluation, patients who underwent AA procedures had a greater degree of supination, flexion, and extension than patients undergoing FA surgery.Level of evidenceLevel II prospective cohort study.     

关节镜诊治关节内桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的软组织损伤

Objective To diagnose and evaluate soft tissue injuries in intra-articular fractures of the distal radius using arthroseopy. Methods Twenty young patients with displaced intra-articular fractures of distal radius were recruited in this prospective study. Three AO C2 and 17 C3 fractures were included. After arthroseopie examination fractures of distal radius were treated by external fixation with limited internal fixation or open plate fixation. Results Triangular fibrocartilage complex （TFCC） injury was found in 18 patients （90%） . Most were isolated Palmer type 1D injuries （67 % ）. Seapho-lunate ligament injury was found in two patients： one partial tear （grade H） and one complete tear （grade HI ）. Follow-ups ranged from 6 to 18 months. At the last follow-up, wrist function was excellent in one patient （6%）, good in eight（44% ） and fair in 11 （50%）. Conclusion TFCC injuries are common in intra-artieular fractures of the distal radius while injuries to seapho-lunate ligament are uncommon.     

The application of indirect reduction techniques in the distal radius: The role of adjuvant arthroscopy

Purpose: The re-establishment of distal radius alignment and articular congruency after fracture has been approached by a variety of methods in order to limit injury sequelae such as degenerative osteoarthritis. Although arthroscopy has been beneficial for other articular fractures, it is unclear to what degree arthroscopy should be used for treatment of distal radius articular fractures, especially when avoiding full-open procedures that can promote arthrofibrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of adjuvant wrist arthroscopy and whether a diagnostic benefit is observed during treatment. Type of Study: A modified protocol for treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures was developed in a crossover trial fashion for the purposes of this study. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three consecutive subjects treated over a 2-year period were included for study. Fractures were classified according to Melone, treated by indirect reduction techniques under fluoroscopic visualization, stabilized by static external fixation, and supplemented with percutaneous pins or bone graft as needed. The adequacy of reduction under fluoroscopic visualization was assessed by arthroscopic visualization after this initial treatment. Results: 14.3% of type I fractures, 37.5% of type II fractures, 33.3% of type III fractures, and 71.4% of type IV fractures were modified due to arthroscopic visualization after initial treatment by indirect reduction techniques. No subject required a full-open procedure for subsequent reduction. Conclusions: Based on these data, surgical treatment of intra-articular distal radius fractures solely under fluoroscopic visualization appears inadequate to re-establish articular congruency. Adjuvant wrist arthroscopy provides a diagnostic benefit in determining whether distal radius articular fracture reduction is adequate and may also translate to direct improvement in patient satisfaction and outcome by limiting injury sequelae. When considering indirect reduction techniques for distal radius articular injury, we recommend routine arthroscopic evaluation to verify and assist in re-establishment of articular congruency.Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related surgery, Vol 16, No 8 (November-December), 2000: pp 830–835