兔肝区组织间插植内照射后肝纤维化过程的动态观察

目的：观察家兔肝脏高剂量率组织间插植内照射后肝纤维化的过程,方法：将家兔分成4组：A组10Gy,B组20Gy,C组30Gy,D组对照组,观察内照射后1周,2周,1月,3月,6月的组织形态变化。结果：30Gy内照射后半年逐渐出现肝纤维化病变,可分为急性放射性肝炎期（1－2周）;肝纤维化前期（1－3个月）,肝纤维化期（6个月后）,结论：照射后6个月10Gy组肝损伤基本恢复,30Gy组出现典型的放射性肝纤维化改变。     

内皮祖细胞与肝脏损伤修复

内皮祖细胞（endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs）是一种能分化为成熟血管内皮细胞的祖细胞,参与出生后血管的再生以及受损内皮的修复过程。近年来,围绕以内皮祖细胞为种子细胞用于促进血管新生、维持内皮功能完整、参与心血管疾病与肿瘤治疗以及组织工程及基因治疗等展开了大量的研究。本文就内皮祖细胞参与肝脏的损伤修复研究进展作一综述。     

氯氰菊酯对雄性小鼠肝脏组织的氧化损伤

目的:研究氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin,CYP)对雄性小鼠肝脏组织的氧化损伤。方法:将40只昆明种雄性小鼠随机均分为双蒸水灌胃(阴性对照组)和CYP 5、10和20 mg/kg染毒组,连续3周经口灌胃染毒。观察小鼠肝脏脏器系数,同时检测小鼠肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、总超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛含量。结果:随着CYP染毒剂量的升高,CYP 5 mg/kg和10 mg/kg组小鼠肝脏脏器系数均高于阴性对照组(P<0.01和P<0.05);CYP 10 mg/kg和20 mg/kg染毒组小鼠肝脏组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶与CYP 20 mg/kg组过氧化氢酶活性均低于阴性对照组(P<0.01),CYP 5 mg/kg和10 mg/kg组总超氧化物歧化酶活性均高于阴性对照组(P<0.01),CYP 20 mg/kg组小鼠丙二醛含量亦显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.01)。结论:CYP可以引起雄性小鼠肝脏组织的氧化损伤,且损伤程度与CYP剂量有关。     

牛磺酸抗肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究

为观察牛磺酸对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用，建立ＳＤ大鼠肝血再灌注模型，将大鼠分成５组，分别于缺血前经外周静脉、门静脉注入牛碘酸及再灌注前经门静脉注入牛磺酸，及假手术组组。结果表明，缺血前给牛磺酸组具有抑制缺血再灌注时肝细胞内酶的漏出，降低肝组织内丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量，提高超氧化歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（Ｃａｔ）、谷胱甘肽过化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）、Ｎａ、ＫＡＴＰ酶及Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力，抑     

应用体外灌流肝脏治疗肝功能损伤的实验研究

目的 观察体外灌流肝脏(ECLP)对急性肝功能损伤家猪的肝功能辅助支持治疗的效果，为体外灌流肝脏系统的开发和应用提供实验研究依据。方法 ①在门—颈静脉转流条件下，阻断家猪入肝血流120min，造成动物肝脏功能急性损伤；②利用广西巴马小型猪肝脏构建体外灌流肝脏系统；③利用ECLP对急性肝功能损伤家猪进行辅助支持治疗，观察肝脏功能损伤家猪各项生理指标的变化。结果 经ECLP支持治疗后，肝脏功能损伤动物平均存活时间明显延长达101h、血清ICG潴留率下降、动脉血酮体水平上升、血氨和血胆红素水平下降、凝血酶原时间(PT)未见明显波动而保持基本正常。结论 ECLP具有生物合成和解毒代谢功能，使用ECLP辅助支持治疗急性肝功能衰竭的动物，可在一定时间内改善肝功能损害动物的全身状态，明显延长动物的存活时间。     

环孢素A对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤影响的实验研究

目的 :探讨环孢素A对肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法 :雄性SD大鼠 2 4只 ,实验组 (A组 )术前 4d用环孢素A10mg/kg/d灌胃 ,对照组 (B组 )和假手术组 (C组 )则用生理盐水 5ml/kg/d灌胃 ,建立大鼠部分肝脏缺血再灌注模型。采用生化分析仪 ,肝组织切片HE染色 ,免疫组织化学分别测定血浆谷草转氨酶 (AST)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)水平 ,肝脏病理改变。血管内皮细胞间粘附分子ICAM - 1的表达。结果 :与对照组比较 ,应用环孢素A的大鼠再灌注 10min后血浆中AST、ALT和LDH的浓度无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,再灌注 60min后AST、ALT和LDH的浓度明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;组织病理损伤减轻 ;肝血窦内皮细胞间粘附分子ICAM - 1的表达减少。结论 :环孢素A可以减轻肝脏缺血再灌注损伤     

肝脏损伤的外科治疗

目的总结156例肝脏外伤治疗的经验。方法1994年1月-2003年12月的156例肝脏外伤的外科治疗情况进行回顾性分析。结果本组病例采取综合手术治疗121例,治愈108例,治愈率为89.3%;死亡13例,死亡率10.7%,死亡原因为严重复合伤及严重休克。非手术治疗35例,治愈率100%。结论采用综合手术治疗可明显提高治愈率和减少并发症。肝修补术、清创加大网膜填塞修补术、不规则肝叶切除术、肝周纱布填塞法及选择性肝动脉结扎术是治疗外伤性肝破裂的主要手段。     

番茄红素对反式脂肪酸致小鼠肝脏损伤的修复作用

目的 探讨番茄红素(lycopene,LP)对反式脂肪酸(TFA)染毒小鼠肝脏损伤的修复及其可能机制。 方法 SPF级KM小鼠40只(雌雄各半)按体重随机分为正常对照组(生理盐水)、TFA组(50 mg/kg剂量的TFA)、TFA+低、中、高LP组(50 mg/kg剂量的TFA+5 mg/kg、10 mg/kg、20 mg/kg剂量的LP),每组8只(雌雄各半)。隔天进行灌胃染毒,染毒8周。检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)含量及肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,对肝脏进行病理形态学观察。 结果 与对照组比较,TFA组小鼠体重、肝脏脏器系数、ALT、AST、TG、TC、LDL-C水平及MDA含量增加(P<0.05),TP、ALB、HDL-C含量降低(P<0.05);SOD、GSH-Px活性降低(P<0.05);且其肝组织形态可见肝小叶结构紊乱,可见肝细胞大片坏死。与TFA组相比,TFA+低、中、高LP组体重、肝脏脏器系数、ALT、AST、TG、TC、LDL-C水平及MDA含量降低(P<0.05),TP、ALB、HDL-C含量增加(P<0.05);SOD、GSH-Px活性上升(P<0.05);且肝细胞病理变化明显改善。 结论 番茄红素可修复肝脏细胞,保护肝功能,对反式脂肪酸致小鼠肝损伤有一定的修复作用,其机制可能与番茄红素抗脂质过氧化和清除氧自由基的作用有关。      

EZH2在肝脏、胰腺组织发育和损伤修复中的作用

Zeste基因增强子人类同源物2(enhancer of zeste homolog 2, EZH2)是一种表观修饰调控因子,可组成多梳蛋白抑制复合物2(polycomb repressive complex 2, PRC2),催化组蛋白甲基化、介导基因沉默,发挥经典作用。同时,EZH2也有其他非经典作用,参与转录调控,抑制或促进下游基因表达,建立基因表达模式。肝脏和胰腺同为内胚层分化来源的组织器官。EZH2参与肝脏、胰腺和胰岛分化发育、损伤修复,对增殖、分化、纤维化修复的相关基因进行转录调控,进而影响肝脏、胰腺和胰岛的阶段性分化,与肝硬化和胰腺炎的产生、发展关系密切。本文对EZH2与肝脏和胰腺发育、成熟和损伤修复的相关性进行探讨,阐释了EZH2的作用、调控机制以及其与相关疾病的关系,为肝脏和胰腺相关疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的思路。     

Iodine-125 interstitial brachytherapy for experimental liver cancer

Objective：To study the effect of iodine-125 interstitial brachytherapy on liver cancer. Methods： Animal model of human liver cancer was established by injecting SMMC-7721 cells cultivated in vitro subcutaneously into the flank of BALB/c nude mice. Nude mice with tumor of 5 mm in diameter were randomly divided into 2 groups （n = 10）. One iodine-125 seed of apparent activity 0.8 mCi was implanted into the center of tumor in treatment group, whereas an inactive seed was implanted in control group. The other 20 nude mice with tumor reaching 10 mm in diameter were also treated as above. The size of tumor was determined weekly after implantation, and pathological examination and blood routine were taken on the 28th day. Results： Tumor growth was obviously inhibited in treatment group of tumor of 5 mm in diameter, and there was statistically significant difference in tumor volume between treatment and control groups （P〈0.01）. Around iodine-125 seed, apparent necrosis of tumor was shown in treatment group, accompanied by karyopyknosis and reduced plasma in residual tumor cells microscopically. Tumor growth was not inhibited in either treatment or control group of tumor of 10 mm in diameter. There was no obvious adverse effect except for decreased white blood cells in treatment groups. Conclusion： There is certain effect of iodine-125 interstitial braehytherapy on liver cancer, which is associated with the size of tumor.     

An experimental study of blast injury

This paper presents some aspects of the authors' experimental research on blast injury in the past two years. The main results are as follows: (1) A new designed 39 meter-long shock tube for biological test has been built in the laboratory. Its maximal overpressure values are 215 kPa (in open condition) and 505 kPa (in closed condition). It may meet the need for inflicting blast injuries with various degree of severity. (2) A study of the effect of simulating gun muzzle blast wave on sheep indicated that in the single explosion, the threshold overpressure values inflicting the injury of internal organs were: Lung-37.27 kPa, G-I tract-41.0 kPa; the upper respiratory tract-negative until 73 kPa, while in the multiple (20 times) explosions, they were 23.7, 23.7 and 41.4 kPa, respectively. (3) Using TEM, SEM and some other special techniques, such as morphometry, freeze-fracture technique, labelled lanthanum nitrate technique, etc, it was demonstrated that in the lung with blast injury there were significant pathological changes in pulmonary capillary endothelium, alveolar epithelium and their intercellular junctions with apparent increase of permeability. (4) It has been shown that parallel superficial stripelike hemorrhage typical for lung blast injury is "Intercostal marking" instead of "Rib marking". (5) A new type of material (foamy nickel) for protection against blast wave is presented. It was proved that the material can effectively weaken or eliminate the effect of blast wave on human body.     

An experimental and clinical study of liver fibrosis

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肝纤维化的实验与临床研究

目的：研究肝纤维化的发生机制和诊断方法，为治疗提供理论依据。方法：分离动物肝间质和实质细胞，观察细胞因子、细胞外间质（ＥＣＭ）、中药等对细胞及动物肝脏中胶原ｍＲＮＡ表达的影响；提纯ＥＣＭ成分，制备抗体并建立检测方法，以血清中ＥＣＭ含量变化判断早期肝纤维化的形成。结果：肝纤维化发生时，肝内细胞胶原ｍＲＡＮ表达增强，细胞因子有重要调节作用。血清中ＥＣＭ水平与肝细胞纤维增生变化相平行。结论：肝纤维化大一     

An experimental and clinical study on TXA_2 and PGI_2 content after head injury

The correlation of secondary brain injury with thromboxane A_2(TXA_2) and prostacy-clin (PGI_2) levels following head injury was studied in rats and patients.Thromboxane B_2(TXB_2) and 6-keto-PGF_(1α) in rat brain homogenate and TXB_2 in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) ofpatients with severe head injury were determined by RIA.The effects of ligustrazini hydrochlo-rioi were also tested.The results showed that the concentration of TXB_2 and 6-keto-PGF_(1α) inrat brain was progressively increased within 3h after injury (P<0.01),and the ratio betweenTXB_2 and 6-keto-PGF_(1α)(T/K value) increased during the early stage after injury,along withthe tissue damage aggravation.After the use of ligustrazini hydrochlorioi,TXB_2 content inbrain decreased sharply accompanied with a drop in T/K value.Moreover,TXB_2 content inCSF increased within 7 d after injury (P<0.01),and it reached its peak value on the 3rd day.This could indicate that the metabolic imbalance between TXA_2 and PGI_2 might be one of theimportant factors in the development of secondary brain injury,and ligustrazini hydrochlorioiproved to have a protective effect on the brain tissue by normalizing the metabolism of TXA_2and PGI_2.In addition,the metabolic disorders of TXA_2 in the brain tissue of head injured pa-tients have much to do with the outcome of the patients.     

An experimental study of endovascular brachytherapy using liquid32P filled balloon catheter

Objective To observe the effect of endovascular brachytherapy on the prevention of restenosis after interveneional therapy and to investigate its possible mechanisms. Methods In the balloon injuried rabbit model,pathological sections of iliac arteries were observed and the changes of vascular histomorphology were estimated by computer analysis of photomicrograms. Using immunohistochemical techniques, proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） was quantified to assess the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Results After rabbit iliac arteries were injured by balloon overstretch angioplasty, neointima were shown to be less proliferative in the irradiated group than in the control group, from PCNA scores. The formation of neointima was suppressed with the external elastic laminar area increasing and without the luminal area decreasing in the irradiation group. Conclusion Endovascular brachytherapy using a liquid (32)P filled balloon catheter system could prevent restenosis possibly by inhibiting the formation of neointima and improving positive vascular remodeling.