脑电双频指数监测在老年患者麻醉苏醒中的作用

目的 研究脑电双频指数（BIS）指导七氟醚吸入对老年患者麻醉苏醒的影响.方法 择期行下腹部手术的老年患者44例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,随机数字表法分为BIS组（B组）和对照组（D组）,每组22例.D组由麻醉医生根据临床经验调节术中七氟醚的吸入浓度 B组术中维持BIS值在45~55,术毕前10min维持在56~70.记录麻醉诱导前、手术期间和拔管时的BIS值、七氟醚设定浓度和呼气末浓度 苏醒时间、拔管时间、OAA /S评分达到5分的时间.结果 与D组相比,B组术中七氟醚用量减少20%,手术期间的BIS升高、呼气末七氟醚浓度降低,手术结束时呼气末七氟醚浓度降低,苏醒时间、拔管时间、OAA /S评分达到5分的时间缩短.结论 BIS指导吸入七氟醚能加快老年患者腹部手术的麻醉苏醒,提高苏醒质量,并可减少术中七氟醚的用量.     

脑电双频指数(BIS)指导高龄患者七氟醚吸入麻醉的临床观察

目的 观察脑电双频指数(BIS)指导高龄患者七氟醚吸入麻醉的可行性.方法 65岁以上行腹部手术病人70例,ASAⅡ-Ⅲ级,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组35例,对照组的麻醉医师根据平时的麻醉经验以及术中血压、心率的变化用七氟醚的吸入浓度调节麻醉深度;实验组根据BIS值调整术中七氟醚吸入浓度来调节麻醉深度.术中维持BIS值在40-60,手术结束前调整BIS在60-70.记录患者睁眼时间(从停止吸入麻醉药至病人睁眼时间),拔管时间,拔管即刻的七氟醚呼出末浓度,记录术中各种用药量;术后随访患者是否有术中知晓.结果 与对照组相比实验组睁眼时间、拔管时间明显缩短(P＜0.05),两组术后随访均无术中知晓.结论 BIS指导高龄患者吸入七氟醚能加快其麻醉恢复时间.     

七氟醚在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者麻醉中的应用

目的:比较观察七氟醚和异氟醚与在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂箨综合征(OSAS)患者麻醉中的应用,探讨其临床效果和安全性.方法:择期OSAS手术患者44例,随机分为瑞芬+异氟醚组、瑞芬+七氟醚组,麻酵维持首先根据BIS监测来调节七氟醚和异氟醚的吸入浓度,使BIS维持在45～55之,然后根据血压和心率调节瑞芬太尼的输注速率,手术结束前10分钟停止吸入麻醉药.观察两组的苏醒拔管时间、定向力恢复时间等苏醒指标和术后并发瘟的发生.结集:七氟醚麻醇后睁跟时间、自主呼吸恢复对间、呼吸满意时间、拔管时间、离开手术室时间、定向力恢复时间等情况均优卡予异氟醚组(均(P<0.05)),记忆恢复时间明显优于异氟醚组(P<0.01).术后并发症的发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:七氟醚和异氟醚均适合予OSAS患者的麻醇,七氟醚麻醉苏醒质量更高.     

脑电双频指数监测在小儿七氟醚吸入麻醉中的应用

目的探讨脑电双频指数（BIS）监测在小儿七氟醚吸入麻醉中运用的可行性。方法腹股沟区手术小儿40例,ASA I级,分为BIS组和对照组,每组20例。BIS组：在BIS监测下指导术中七氟醚吸入浓度,维持BIS在45～65。对照组：吸入七氟醚诱导,小儿睫毛反射消失后依临床经验来调节七氟醚吸入浓度。两组小儿均于麻醉诱导完成后进行髂腹股沟-髂腹下神经阻滞（INB）。结果BIS组七氟醚用量少于对照组（〈0.05）,麻醉诱导时间和苏醒时间也少于对照组（〈0.05）。BIS组麻醉维持期间以及麻醉结束时BIS比对照组高、呼气末稳态（Etsevo）比对照组低（〈0.05）。结论BIS监测有助于减少小儿七氟醚吸入量,有利于小儿术后麻醉恢复。     

脑电双频指数指导异氟醚吸入麻醉对全麻病人麻醉恢复的影响

目的探讨脑电双频指数(BIS)指导吸入异氟醚对全麻病人恢复和麻醉用药的影响。方法在全麻下择期行腹部手术患者40例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为对照组和BIS组,每组20例。BIS组:在BIS监测下指导术中异氟醚的吸入浓度,维持BIS在50～60。对照组:在平均动脉压比诱导前升高25%、心率>100次/min时增加异氟醚的吸入浓度。关好腹膜后,BIS组根据BIS维持在60～70减少异氟醚的吸入浓度,对照组麻醉医生根据经验减少异氟醚的吸入浓度。记录异氟醚的用量和芬太尼用量;诱导后至拔管记录每5分钟BIS、挥发罐设定浓度和呼气末稳态(ETiso);麻醉诱导前、手术结束、拔管后的BIS值;手术结束时的ETiso值;手术时间,拔管时间。结果与对照组相比,异氟醚用量减少了30%,芬太尼的用量无明显差别;BIS组麻醉期间的BIS高于对照组,在麻醉期间和手术结束时ETiso低于对照组,比对照组拔管时间缩短。结论BIS指导异氟醚吸入麻醉能加快全麻手术病人麻醉早期恢复,并减少异氟醚的用量。     

腰-硬联合麻醉复合喉罩吸入七氟醚用于妇科腹腔镜手术的临床观察

目的 探讨腰-硬联合麻醉复合喉罩吸入七氟醚用于妇科腹腔镜手术的麻醉效果。方法 择期妇科腹腔镜手术患者60例,随机分为P组和S组。P组采用丙泊酚复合雷米芬太尼气管插管全麻;S组选择L2～3间隙进行腰-硬联合麻醉麻醉,调整麻醉平面于T6水平,后经面罩患者自主吸入8%七氟醚混合5 L/min氧诱导,患者睫毛反射消失后维持吸入3~4 min,待下腭充分放松,BIS<50,插入双腔喉罩,维持自主通气吸入七氟醚全麻。监测并记录麻醉前( T0 ) 、诱导后（T1）、插入喉罩或气管导管时（T2）、气腹后5 min（T3）、气腹后30 min（T4）、拔管时(T5)各时点的MAP、HR、PETCO2、SpO2、BIS。并记录患者拔管、呼之睁眼、随意运动恢复、定向力恢复的时间,术后疼痛评分及术中是否知晓。结果 P组麻醉后HR较麻醉前较明显降低(P<0.05),S组HR平稳。S组睁眼时间、拔管时间,定向力恢复时间明显短于P组,苏醒后诉伤口疼痛率,术后咽喉痛S组明显少于P组。结论 腰-硬联合麻醉复合喉罩吸入七氟醚用于妇科腹腔镜手术具有麻醉效果确切、平稳,苏醒迅速,可控性强及不良反应少的优点,是较为安全有效的麻醉方法     

七氟醚静吸复合麻醉与全凭静脉麻醉用于小儿手术的麻醉效果比较

目的比较七氟醚静脉及吸入复合麻醉与全凭静脉麻醉在小儿手术中的麻醉效果。方法选取择期手术的75例患儿为研究对象,随机分为两组,对照组35例,观察组40例。对照组患儿行全凭静脉麻醉,观察组患儿行七氟醚静脉及吸入复合麻醉,对两组患儿诱导前、术中及术后血流动力学变化、麻醉情况进行比较。结果两组诱导前、术中及术后血流动力学变化比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。观察组患儿苏醒时间、拔管时间及定向力恢复时间均短于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论相比全凭静脉麻醉,七氟醚静吸复合麻醉具有术后恢复快特点,安全可靠,可优先选择。     

七氟醚和异氟醚麻醉用于短小耳鼻喉科手术临床观察

目的评估七氟醚和异氟醚麻醉后的苏醒及其安全性。方法 60例各类耳鼻喉手术需要全身麻醉预计手术持续时间0.5～2小时之间的择期手术患者,年龄8岁～50岁,ASAI或者II级,分为七氟醚组（S组）和异氟醚组（I组）各35例,两组均以异丙酚、芬太尼、咪唑安定、维库溴胺麻醉诱导,气管插管后均持续泵入异丙酚60ug～80ug/kg.min,S组以七氟醚1%～2%维持,I组以1%～2%吸入维持。根据血压、脉搏波动调整七氟醚和异氟醚的吸入浓度。使患者血压波动控制在基础值±20%的范围。于手术操作结束后停止吸入和静脉麻醉药。并统计患者苏醒时间、拔管时间。结果所有患者麻醉诱导顺利。S组苏醒时间和拔管时间明显优于I组（p〈0.01）。结论七氟醚吸入麻醉可为耳鼻喉科手术提供良好的麻醉。安静平稳、清醒完全,减少了手术后并发症。提高了患者的术后恢复。     

三氟醚吸入麻醉对老年手术患者麻醉后苏醒和认知功能的影响

目的探讨七氟醚吸人麻醉对老年手术患者麻醉后苏醒和认知功能的影响。方法选择64例老年妇科手术患者,随机分为七氟醚组和异氟醚组,分别使用七氟醚和异氟醚吸入麻醉。观察并比较两组患者术后自主呼吸恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间、拔管时间、定向力恢复时间和简易智能量表（MMSE）评分的变化。结果七氟醚组术后自主呼吸恢复时间、呼之睁眼时间、拔管时间和定向力恢复时间均明显短于异氟醚组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。两组患者术后4hMMSE评分均较麻醉前明显下降（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,且异氟醚组下降幅度较七氟醚组更明显（P〈0．05）,术后8h两组患者MMSE评分均恢复到麻醉前水平（P〉0．05）。结论七氟醚吸人麻醉后苏醒较异氟醚快,减少了气管插管时间,缩短了术后苏醒监护时间,对术后认知功能的影响较少,更适合于老年患者。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的比较

目的比较腹腔镜胆囊切除（LC）手术患者吸入七氟醚与异氟醚麻醉恢复的情况。方法将40例ASAⅠ-Ⅲ级择期行LC术患者随机分为2组,七氟醚组（A组20例）及异氟醚组（B组20例）。麻醉诱导后行气管插管,机械通气。诱导后吸入纯氧,氧流量2 L/min。麻醉维持：吸入七氟醚或异氟醚。维持血压和心率波动幅度不超过基础值30%。胆囊取出后停止吸入七氟醚或异氧醚,纯氧流量调整为8 L/min。记录睁眼时间（停止吸入麻醉药到睁眼的时间）、记录拨除气管导管时间（停止吸入麻醉药到拨除气管导管时间）、记录麻醉后恢复期评分达到9分时间（从停止吸入麻醉药计时）。结果与B组比较,A组睁眼时间、拨除气管导管时间、麻醉后恢得期评分达9分时间都较B组短。结论在LC手术中,与异氟醚比较,吸入七氟醚患者麻醉恢复较快,且麻醉恢复质量较好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.