肥胖儿童血清C反应蛋白与胰岛素抵抗指数关系的研究王姝彦

目的：分析并探讨肥胖儿童血清C反应蛋白(CRP)与代谢综合征的相关性研究。方法：选取2013年01月-2014年10月期间在我院检查的单纯性肥胖儿童50例为观察组,选取同期体检健康儿童50例为对照组。检测患者血清CRP、血压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、胰岛素水平。计算BMI、评估胰岛素抵抗指数,并采用Spearman方法分析CRP与上述各项指标的关系。结果：观察组CRP为(1.82±0.85)mg/L,对照组CRP为(0.78±0.21)mg/L。观察组血清CRP明显高于对照组,经统计学检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组BMI、收缩压、胰岛素、TC、TG、HOMA-IR等各项指标也显著高于对照组,经统计学检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清CRP水平与BMI (r=0.53,P<0.05)、收缩压 (r=0.21,P<0.05)、胰岛素 (r=0.68,P<0.05)、TG (r=0.29,P<0.05)和HOMA-IR(r=0.20,P<0.05)呈正相关。结论：肥胖儿童血清CRP明显高于正常儿童,且与代谢综合征关系密切,临床上要注意儿童肥胖情况,及时的采取相关对策。     

单纯性肥胖儿童骨密度、25(OH)D3水平与炎症指标及代谢指标的相关性研究

目的探讨单纯性肥胖儿童骨密度、25-羟基维生素D_3[25(OH)D_3]水平与炎症指标及代谢指标的相关性。方法纳入2018年1月至2020年1月于重庆市渝北区妇幼保健院儿童保健门诊就诊的单纯性肥胖患儿80例作为肥胖组,选取同期于重庆市渝北区妇幼保健院体检的健康儿童65例作为对照组。比较两组骨密度、血清25(OH)D_3以及炎症指标[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]、代谢指标[空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)]水平。分析单纯性肥胖患儿各指标与体质量指数(BMI)的相关性,并观察其骨密度、血清25(OH)D_3与各炎症指标、代谢指标的相关性。结果肥胖组血清25(OH)D_3、骨密度T值低于对照组(P0.05),而FBG、HOMA-IR、TG以及血清IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。相关性分析显示,单纯性肥胖儿童的血清25(OH)D_3水平、骨密度T值与BMI呈负相关(r0,P0.05),FBG、HOMA-IR、TG、IL-6、TNF-α、CRP与BMI呈正相关(r0,P0.05)。单纯性肥胖儿童的血清TG、IL-6、TNF-α、CRP与25(OH)D_3呈负相关(r0,P0.05)。结论单纯性肥胖患儿的血清25(OH)D_3水平、骨密度明显下降,且二者均与BMI呈负相关,其中血清25(OH)D_3与患儿的机体炎症指标(IL-6、TNF-α、CRP)及TG有相关性,而骨密度与炎症指标(IL-6、TNF-α、CRP)、糖脂代谢指标(FBG、HOMA-IR、TC、TG)无相关性。     

胰岛素抵抗与甲状腺功能关系的临床研究

目的观察血糖、胰岛素抵抗与甲状腺功能之间的关系,探讨甲状腺功能异常与代谢综合征的关系。方法选取2012年1月至2014年12月内分泌科就诊患者中甲状腺功能异常者518例为研究对象;另选同期正常体检对象500例为正常对照组,测定两组甲状腺功能指标及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和体重指数(BMI),并观察不同促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平组的HOMA-IR、BMI、TG、FPG水平,以及TSH与HOMA-IR之间的关系。结果实验组TSH、FT3、FT4、HOMA-IR和BMI均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。TSH高水平组HOMA-IR、BMI、TG、FPG明显高于正常TSH组和低TSH组(P0.05),TSH与HOMA-IR呈明显正相关。结论随着血清TSH水平的升高,胰岛素抵抗程度增加,患代谢综合征的风险增加。     

血液透析患者脂质紊乱相关因素的研究

目的 研究血液透析患者脂质紊乱与胰岛素抵抗、瘦素、微炎症状态的相关关系.方法 测定102例血液透析患者(血液透析组)及26例健康者(健康对照组)体质量指数(BMI)、血脂、D二聚体(D-dimer)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FBG)、瘦素、血C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)等指标,并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),分析脂代谢指标与HOMA-IR及CRP的相关性.结果 血液透析患者BMI、血清甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、瘦素、D-dimer、HOMA-IR、CRP明显升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)明显减低(P＜0.05或＜0.01),血液透析组和健康对照组分别为BMI 24.20±12.20 vs 22.52±2.77,TG(2.76±0.65) mmol/L vs (2.33±0.72) mmol/L,LDL-C(3.01±0.71) mmol/L vs (2.51±0.75) mmol/L,瘦素(3.51±1.02)μg/L vs (2.96±0.89)μg/L,D-dimer(8.97±1.39) mg/L vs (4.99±1.61) mg/L,HOMA-IR 2.49±1.15 vs 1.89±0.85,CRP(45. 10±0.61) mg/L vs (17.60±0.54) mg/L,HDL-C( 1.09±0.41) mmol/L vs (1.32±0.36) mmol/L,血液透析患者BMI、TG、LDI-C、D-dimer和CRP与HOMA-IR呈正相关(r＝0.601、0.313、0.324、0.306、0.301,P＜0.05或＜0.01),HDL-C与HOMA-IR呈负相关(r＝-0.283,P＜0.05);其BM1与TG、LDL-C、D-dimer、FINS、HOMA-IR与CRP呈正相关(0.221,0.310,0.273,0.281,0.282,0.304,P＜0.05或＜0.01),HDL-C与CRP呈负相关(r=-0.342,P＜0.01).结论 血液透析患者脂代谢紊乱发生率高,与胰岛素抵抗及炎症反应相关,纠正脂代谢紊乱有助于降低此类患者心脑血管并发症的发病率.     

肥胖儿童高尿酸血症与胰岛素抵抗、血脂的相关分析

目的探讨肥胖儿童血清尿酸(UA)与胰岛素抵抗、血脂的相关性。方法选取本院655例肥胖儿童设为观察组,另选取同时期655例健康非肥胖儿童作为对照组,分别检测两组儿童血清UA、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。再按照血清UA水平将观察组分为高UA血症组(HUA组)和正常UA血症组(NUA组)。结果观察组血清UA、FPG、FINS、TC、TG、LDL-C,HOMA-IR显著高于对照组,血清HDL-C显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HUA组血清FPG、FINS、TG,HOMA-IR显著高于NUA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),HUA组与NUA组血清TC、HDL-C、LDL-C相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson直线相关分析,肥胖儿童血清UA与FINS、TC、TG、LDL-C,HOMA-IR呈显著正相关,而与血清HDL-C呈显著负相关(P0.05)。结论肥胖儿童高UA血症与胰岛素抵抗、血脂代谢紊乱密切相关。     

2型糖尿病患者血清补体因子H与胰岛素抵抗相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗的变化情况,分析其与患者血清补体因子H表达之间的相关性。方法选择2015年1月至2016年2月期间T2DM的患者120例为研究对象,根据亚太地区2000年的肥胖标准分为肥胖组(64例)和非肥胖组(56例),另选择同期体检的健康人群60例为对照组。比较各组患者的血清补体因子H表达情况及空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖、血脂水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),分析各指标与补体因子H表达的相关性。结果肥胖组、非肥胖组、对照组血清补体因子水平分别为(196.38±23.49)mg/L、(184.34±21.48)mg/L和(173.26±18.37)mg/L,肥胖组非肥胖组对照组,组间比较差异有显著的统计学意义(P0.01);T2DM患者血清补体因子H与体质指数(BMI)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖(FBG)水平均呈正相关(r=0.397、0.601、0.333、0.312、0.524,P均0.01),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)呈负相关(r=-0.588,P0.01)。结论补体因子H可能参与了肥胖及T2DM的发病过程,临床上有望将补体系统作为T2DM的治疗靶点。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清C反应蛋白、内脂素和Chemerin的表达水平及临床意义

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、内脂素(Visfatin)和Chemerin的表达水平及临床意义。方法 66例PCOS患者根据体质量指数(BMI)分为肥胖组和非肥胖组,各33例;根据胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IRI)分为胰岛素抵抗组(n=40)和非胰岛素抵抗组(n=26)。选取同期健康体检者30例为对照组。分别检测PCOS患者和对照组糖脂代谢指标以及C反应蛋白(CRP)、Visfatin和Chemerin水平。结果 1非肥胖组和肥胖组血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、CRP、Visfatin、Chemerin水平均显著高于对照组(P0.01),高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平低于对照组(P0.01);肥胖组与非肥胖组之间也有统计学差异(P0.01)。2非胰岛素抵抗组血清TC、LDL、Visfatin和Chemerin水平显著高于对照组(P0.01);胰岛素抵抗组血清TG、TC、LDL、CRP、Visfatin、Chemerin水平显著高于对照组(P0.01),HDL水平低于对照组(P0.01);胰岛素抵抗组与非胰岛素抵抗组之间各指标有统计学差异(P0.05或P0.01)。3相关性分析显示,PCOS患者血清CRP与LDL、HOMA-IRI、BMI呈正相关(P0.05);Visfatin与TC、LDL呈正相关(P0.05),与HDL呈负相关(P0.05);Chemerin与HOMA-IRI、BMI、CRP呈正相关(P0.05),与HDL呈负相关(P0.01)。结论 PCOS患者存在CRP,Visfatin和Chemerin代谢异常,提示可能存在慢性炎症。     

脂联素在妊娠糖尿病发病中的临床意义

目的 探讨孕期脂联素(ADP)水平变化与妊娠糖尿病(GDM)血脂代谢指标及GDM发病的关系.方法 选取GDM患者及正常对照组各60例,采用体外放射免疫分析方法测定其血清ADP、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,同时测定空腹血糖(FBG)、各项血脂水平总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance,HOMA-IR),并测量身高、体质量,计算体质量指数(BMI).结果 血清ADP浓度在GDM组明显低于正常对照组,(5.8±0.6)mg/L vs(8.6±1.1)mg/L(P＜0.01);GDM组的HOMA-IR、FINS、FBG、TG、LDL-C、TC均显著高于对照,5.4±1.2 vs2.8±0.7,(18.8±3.1)mU/Lvs(13.6±2.2)mU/L,(6.5±0.9)mmol/L vs(4.6±0.7)mmol/L,(2.5±0.7)mmol/L vs(1.7±0.6)mmol/L,(3.2±0.7)mmol/L vs(2.3±0.5)mmol/L,(5.6±1.0)mmol/L vs(4.2±0.6)mmol/L.Pearson相关分析表明ADP水平与HOMA-IR、FBG、FINS及TG呈显著负相关.结论 ADP水平与胰岛素抵抗、高TG血症密切相关,低血清ADP水平参与了GDM的发生.     

老年男性高尿酸血症与胰岛素抵抗及动脉粥样硬化相关性研究

目的 研究老年男性高尿酸血症与胰岛素抵抗及动脉粥样硬化的相关性.方法 对240例老年男性进行调查,按尿酸水平分为高尿酸组(HUA,n=58例)和正常尿酸组(对照组,n=182例),测量身高、体质量、收缩压、舒张压,并检测血尿酸、空腹血糖、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、空腹血浆胰岛素(FINS).测量颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT),同时计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),分析临床资料及与IMT的相关性.结果 ①高尿酸血症检出率为24.2％;②高尿酸组TG、体质量指数(BMI)高于对照组,TG(2.28±1.41) mmol/L vs(1.49±0.87)mmol/L,BMI 25.98±2.58 vs 24.58±3.10,而HDL-C低于对照组(1.33±0.33)mmol/L vs(1.46±0.39)mmol/L(P ＜0.05或＜0.01);③高尿酸组FINS、HOMA-IR、IMT高于对照组(P＜0.05或＜0.01).结论 老年高尿酸血症人群的肥胖、代谢紊乱、胰岛素抵抗与IMT密切相关.     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清脂联素、瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗相关性的研究

目的研究多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清脂联素、瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法选58例PCOS患者和46例非PCOS患者,根据体质指数(BMI)分为肥胖组与非肥胖组,根据胰岛素抵抗诊断标准分为胰岛素抵抗组和非胰岛素抵抗组。对所有患者的血清脂联素表达水平、瘦素水平及内分泌代谢等各项指标进行检测并分析相关性。结果①多囊卵巢综合征组患者的血清脂联素表达水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);非肥胖多囊卵巢综合征组患者的血清脂联素表达水平显著低于非肥胖对照组(P<0.05);胰岛素抵抗组患者的血清脂联素表达水平明显低于非胰岛素抵抗组(P<0.05)。多囊卵巢综合征组患者的瘦素表达水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);胰岛素抵抗组患者的瘦素表达水平明显高于非胰岛素抵抗组(P<0.05)。②患者血清脂联素表达水平与BMI、胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、腰臀比(WHR)和三酰甘油(TG)等指标呈负相关性关系(P<0.05)。患者血清瘦素表达水平与BMI、FINS、HOMA-IR、WHR和TG)指标呈正相关性关系(P<0.05)。结论多囊卵巢综合征患者大多具有低脂联素表达水平、高瘦素血症等特征,且血清脂联素表达水平与瘦素表达水平、胰岛素抵抗严重程度之间存在着负相关性关系,脂联素和瘦素可作此疾病患者远期出现糖尿病并发症的预测指标之一。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.