未成年罪犯人格障碍与述情障碍相关分析

目的探讨未成年罪犯人格障碍及述情障碍间的关系。方法采用“CCMD-2-R人格障碍筛查问卷”(PDQC)及“多伦多述情障碍问卷”(TAS),对95名未成年罪犯(46名暴力犯罪和49名性犯罪)及59名正常人进行测查,采用spss11·0统计软件对结果进行t检验、相关分析和回归分析。结果未成年罪犯与一般青少年PDQC和TAS总分及各因子得分比较,其差异均有统计学意义;PDQC中除“强迫”与“依赖”2种人格障碍型别与TAS各因子相关未达到显著外,其他人格障碍型别及总分都与TAS各因子和总分呈显著相关。结论①男性未成年罪犯有广泛而显著的人格特征偏离正常的情况;暴力罪犯中人格偏离主要体现于冲动、偏执和反社会型3种型别人格障碍;性犯罪组人格偏离主要体现于焦虑/回避型、偏执型和反社会型3种型别人格障碍;②男性未成年罪犯一定程度具有述情方面的缺陷;述情障碍与人格障碍同样是导致犯罪不可忽视的影响因素,在对青少年犯罪的预防和管教过程中,有必要对人格障碍和述情障碍进行全面干预。     

游泳教学对军校学员心理健康的影响

目的探讨游泳教学对军校学员心理健康的影响。方法采用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取350人,进行6周游泳教学,以SCL-90为测评工具,进行游泳教学前后SCL-90因子得分的配对T检验,并按性别、专业、出生环境和学员成分分组,进行组内前后比较。结果①游泳教学后,除躯体化外,军校学员总体SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);②游泳教学后,除躯体化、恐怖因子外,男性学员SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);除躯体化外,女性学员SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);③游泳教学后,除躯体化、恐怖因子外,独生子女SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);除躯体化外,非独生子女SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);④游泳教学后,除躯体化因子外,军队统招学员SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);除躯体化、焦虑和恐怖外,地方自费学员SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05);⑤游泳教学后,临床专业学员SCL-90强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子得分显著降低(P<0.05);护理专业学员强迫、人际关系、抑郁、敌对因子得分显著降低(P<0.05);除躯体化、敌对和恐怖外,其他专业学员SCL-90各因子分、总均分和阳性项目数均显著降低(P<0.05)。结论游泳教学对军校学员的心理健康有明显的促进作用,游泳教学是实施心理健康教育的有效途径。     

江西省一所医学院校新生心理健康状况调查分析

目的探讨医学院校新生的心理健康状况,为高校改善医学大学生心理健康水平提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对883名医学院校新生的心理健康状况进行评定。结果883名医学院校新生的SCL-90强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执及精神病性因子得分显著高于全国常模青年组(P<0.05);男生的SCL-90强迫、人际关系、敌对及偏执因子得分显著高于女生(P<0.05),女生的SCL-90恐怖因子得分显著高于男生(P<0.05)。结论医学院校新生心理健康教育应加强,并针对不同的性别有的放矢地进行。     

64例老年冠心病患者心理健康状况对比研究

目的 探讨心理社会因素在老年冠心病发病中的作用。方法 应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、生活事件量表(LES)、ZUNG'S抑郁自评量表(SDS)、A型行为问卷和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ),对64例老年冠心病患者和64例健康老年人进行对比研究。结果:51.56％的冠心病患者有不同程度的心理卫生问题,而健康对照组仅为18.75％;冠心病组SCL-90阳性症状数目明显高于对照组(P<0.01);LES显示冠心病组总生活事件得分明显高于对照组(P<0.01);SDS评分值无显著差异(P>0.05);EPQ调查两组E分差异显著(P<0.04);A型行为与SCL-90各因子(7因子除外)的相关系数均呈显著正相关(P<0.05);多因素逐步回归分折显示,负性生活事件对老年人的心理健康影响较大。结论 老年人的心理健康状况与其冠心病的发病密切相关。     

大学生网络成瘾与人格障碍的关系研究

目的 探讨大学生网络成瘾与人格障碍之间的关系.方法 在广东某综合大学方便取样抽取在校大学生320名,进行中文网络成瘾问卷(CIAS)、CCMD-2-R人格障碍筛查问卷(PDQC)测试.回收有效问卷302份.结果 ①302名被试网络成瘾发生率27.2％,男性发生率高于女性(P＜0.01),网络成瘾组在各型人格障碍得分和检出率(冲动型和分裂样除外)均显著高于非成瘾组.②以CIAS总分为因变量,专业满意度、学习困难度和各型人格障碍PDQC得分为预测变量进行逐步线性回归分析,焦虑/回避型、学习困难度、依赖型、专业满意度、性别、表演型和强迫型进入回归方程,强迫型对网络成瘾有微弱的负向预测作用,焦虑/回避型、依赖型和表演型人格障碍得分有正向预测作用.结论 网络成瘾大学生有一定的病理性人格基础.     

成年男性罪犯的人格障碍及应对方式

目的 探讨罪犯人格障碍和应对方式的特点,为监狱罪犯管教过程中的心理健康教育及心理辅导提供参考依据.方法 采用CCMD-2-R诊断标准的人格障碍筛查问卷PDQC、艾森克人格问卷EPQ和简易应对方式问卷SCSQ,对广东东莞市某监狱的121名罪犯进行测评,以SpSS11.0统计软件包进行相关分析及方差分析.结果 ①人格障碍的筛出率达92.56%;②方差分析显示不同犯罪类型组依赖型、冲动型和反社会型人格障碍型别组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,依赖型人格障碍以暴力组最为明显;冲动型人格障碍以贩毒组最为明显;反社会型人格障碍以贩毒组最为明显.③相关分析显示,除强迫型人格障碍外,PDQC中各型人格障碍均与消极应对方式、神经质维度呈显著正相关;与内外倾维度、掩饰性维度、精神质维度多数因子间的显著相关.结论 ①男性成年罪犯人格障碍发生率明显居高,②不同犯罪类型罪犯人格障碍类型有所不同.③一定类型的人格障碍、消极应对方式和神经质人格特质可能是各型罪犯刑事犯罪的基本素因.     

火车司机心理健康状况调查分析

目的了解火车司机心理健康状况。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对339名火车司机进行问卷调查,应用一般描述性分析、方差分析、t检验等方法对结果进行统计分析。结果108人(33.4%)SCL-90总分≥160分,心理健康状况较差;火车司机SCL-90各因子平均分值高于全国常模,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);文化程度较低的火车司机恐怖因子得分高于文化程度较高的火车司机(P<0.01),其他因子得分在不同特征火车司机间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论火车司机心理健康水平总体较差,需要开展有针对性的心理健康干预。     

春节返乡农民工心理健康调查

目的:了解春节返乡农民工的心理健康状况。方法:采用SCL-90量表进行随机抽样调查。结果:245名春节返乡农民的SCL-90各项因子分、阳性项目数和总分都显著高于全国成人常模(P<0·001),他们的心理健康状况在性别、文化程度、经济收入、打工时间上没有显著差异。结论:春节返乡农民工的心理健康状况很差,性别、文化程度、经济收入和打工时间对心理健康没有显著影响。     

火车司机生活质量及心理健康状况调查

目的 了解火车司机的生存质量、心理健康状况以及两者的关系.方法 采用整群抽样方法,抽取参加体检的230名火车司机,用世界卫生组织生活质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)中文版及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对火车司机进行测评,并进行统计分析.结果 WHOQOL-BREF测评结果表明,火车司机的生理、心理、社会关系、环境领域得分均低于社区人群(P<0.01);SCL-90各因子分为躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性得分均高于常模(P<0.01),WHOQOL-BREF各领域分与SCL-90各因子分呈负相关(P<0.01);SCL-90及WHOQOL-BREF的各因子得分与工龄、年龄及文化程度无关(P>0.05).结论 火车司机生存质量及心理健康水平均低于普通人群,其心理健康状况影响生存质量.     

8·12天津爆炸抢险消防官兵心理健康与应对方式的关系

目的探讨8·12天津爆炸抢险任务对廊坊市某消防队官兵心理健康状况的影响。方法采取随机抽样的方法,抽取廊坊市某消防官兵80人,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)进行调查,利用SPSS 15.0统计软件进行完全随机设计t检验和Pearson相关分析。结果参加8·12天津抢险任务的廊坊市某消防队官兵,SCL-90各因子分低于军人常模,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);人际关系敏感、抑郁及偏执因子得分低于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与河北省某消防队官兵相比,各SCL-90因子得分差异无统计学意义(P0.05);人际关系敏感、抑郁及偏执因子得分低于武警军人常模,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。总分,除躯体化及精神病性外各因子得分,与SCSQ的消极应对得分呈显著负相关(P0.05),与积极应对得分相关无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 8·12天津爆炸抢险任务没有影响消防官兵心理健康水平。消极应对方式与心理健康水平相关密切。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.