重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎的影像学表现

目的探讨重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎的影像学表现。方法对经确诊的29例重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎的胸部X线表现及CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎的胸部X线表现为两肺野斑片状密度增高的实变影16例,磨玻璃样阴影11例,两肺间质改变、肺纹理增粗2例。结论重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎主要的胸部影像学表现为两肺支气管周围和胸膜下非对称性、多发斑片状实变影及磨玻璃样阴影。     

重症甲型H_1N_1流感患者的胸部X线和CT特征分析

目的探讨重症甲型H1N1流感患者的胸部X线及CT表现.方法回顾性分析经确诊的24例重症甲型H1N1流感患者的胸部X线及CT表现.结果 （1）24例中4例患者入院时胸部X线检察无异常发现;（2）X线及CT发现肺部磨玻璃影分别占53%、67%,磨玻璃影伴实变分别占37%、62%,磨玻璃影主要位于肺周边胸膜下,磨玻璃影伴实变主要位于下肺、中部;（3）24例中X线及CT发现胸膜腔积液分别为3例、5例,发现胸膜肥厚分别为2例、9例;（4）X线及CT均未发现纵膈及肺门淋巴结肿大.结论甲型H1N1病例主要影像学表现为磨玻璃影及磨玻璃影伴实变,无纵膈及肺门淋巴结肿大,胸膜可受累,胸部CT与X线平片表现基本一致,但CT可早于胸片发现肺部病灶,对病变的形态、分布情况显示更加清楚,并可提高H1N1肺部病变的检出率,胸部X线及CT可以为临床提供更多的信息,有助于临床医师早期发现病变,及时给予治疗,观察病情发展及疗效评价.     

甲型H1N1流感胸部X线和CT表现

目的:探讨甲型H1N1流感肺部X线和CT表现。方法:298例经咽拭子血清学证实的甲型H1N1流感病例,回顾性分析常规胸片及部分胸部常规CT。结果:轻型或普通甲流270例,大部分表现正常215例,肺纹理增粗39例,肺叶内小斑片影16例。重症及危重症病例28例,多数为肺实质的渗出性病变,磨玻璃影12例,边缘模糊的实变影16例。结论:重症及危重症甲型H1N1流感的X线表现具有一定的特征性,影像学诊断甲型H1N1流感时,结合病史有利于与其他疾病的区别。     

成人甲型H1N1病毒感染性肺炎胸部影像表现

目的:探讨甲型H1N1流感的胸部影像表现.方法:回顾性分析15例临床确诊的甲型H1N1流感患者的成人胸部X线和CT的影像征象.结果:甲型H1N1流感胸部成人平片或CT表现为单侧或双侧弥漫性磨玻璃影5例,实变密度影3例,弥漫性磨玻璃、实变同时存在7例.结论:甲型H1N1流感病变成人患者肺部影像最常见的是双肺外围的弥漫性磨玻璃阴影和实变影.     

重症甲型H1N1流感肺炎的胸部CT表现分析

目的:评价胸部CT对重症甲型H1N1流感病毒性肺炎的诊断价值?方法:回顾性分析22例甲型H1N1流感重症患者临床及影像资料,对初始期?进展期?消散期患者的临床表现及X线胸片与CT的影像学变化进行分析?探讨?结果:重症甲型H1N1流感胸部CT主要表现为双肺磨玻璃样密度阴影?斑片影及肺实变,双侧弥漫性分布,中下肺野为著,病程初始期肺外带及肺门周围首先受累,病变范围随病程进展扩散至全肺,病灶密度进行性增加,至病程后期趋于消散,同时合并纤维条索影进行性增多,可见胸膜反应?不同时期的胸部CT表现与临床病程存在相关性?结论:相比X线平片,胸部CT显示病变具有独特优势,可用于评价重症甲型H1N1流感的病程进展,对治疗方案的选择有一定的参考价值?     

甲型H1N1流感肺部影像表现与临床症状的关系探讨

目的探讨甲型H1N1流感肺部影像表现与临床症状的关系。方法回顾性分析确诊的56例甲型H1N1流感病例的CR及CT影像及临床资料,将其分为轻症组(49例)、重症组(5例)、危重症组(2例)。所有患者均行床旁CR摄影,其中5例行CT扫描。结果轻症组49例,36例肺部未见明显异常,13例肺纹理增重,其中1例伴有双肺门影变浓、增大,经治疗后均痊愈出院,住院时间小于14天,平均7.7天;重症组5例中,双下肺小片状影2例、单侧肺云絮状影1例、双肺多叶多段云絮状影2例,其中1例并单侧胸腔积液,经中西医结合治疗后痊愈出院,住院时间小于14天,平均9.4天;危重症组2例,1例双肺磨玻璃样变,右下肺实变并右侧胸腔积液,1例胸部CR及CT均未见明显异常,均行呼吸机通气,对症支持治疗后20~26天痊愈出院。结论轻症甲型H1N1流感患者仅表现为肺纹理增重或无明显异常;重症、危重症甲型H1N1流感患者肺部感染影像学表现以渗出性病变为主,影像学表现出现早,多表现为沿支气管分布的小片状影、多叶多段肺实变影、双肺磨玻璃样阴影,可并单侧或双侧胸腔积液。肺部影像学的改变晚于临床症状的改善。     

甲型H1N1流感重症患者3例的胸部影像分析

目的:探讨并发肺部感染的甲型H1N1流感患者的胸部影像表现,提高对本病的认识。方法:回顾分析本院确诊的3例甲型H1N1流感患者的胸部X线、CT表现。结果:3例均累及所有肺叶的多个肺段,表现为大片状阴影、楔形阴影、小斑片影、网格状影及磨玻璃影,胸膜增厚及淋巴结反应性增生常见,1例并发纵隔气肿。结论:本文3例甲型H1N1流感患者的胸部影像表现均以不同范围的肺实变为主,均累及多肺叶多肺段,间质也可受累。     

甲型H1N1流感的CT征象分析

总结分析甲型H1N1流感(甲流)的影像特征。方法回顾性分析36例甲流疑似住院患者的胸部X线片和CT资料。结果甲型H1N1病毒核酸分离检测(+)病例29例中,胸部X线片或CT呈阴性8例;合并肺炎21例,11例伴胸水。轻度7例表现为肺纹理增粗模糊或中心性小结节,或伴胸膜下轻度间质性炎症;中度6例表现为沿肺纹理或胸膜下多发小叶性补丁状斑片影,可伴空气支气管征的肺段性实变;重度8例表现为两肺弥漫性斑片影融合,伴两下肺实变。甲型H1N1病毒核酸分离检测(-)病例7例中3例出现酷似甲流的胸膜下斑片影,4例节段性实变。结论甲型H1N1流感性肺炎具有较特征CT征象,但胸膜下斑片影并非特异表现,单纯节段性实变常不考虑甲流。     

甲型H1N1流感肺炎胸部CT表现

目的探讨甲流相关肺炎胸部CT表现特征,提高对该疾病的影像学认识。方法回顾分析41例甲流相关肺炎胸部CT特征。结果甲流肺炎的胸部CT病变形态包括磨玻璃状阴影（n=37,90%）,实变（n=12,29%）,单侧肺受累（n=6,15%）,双肺受累（n=35,85%）,主要分布于中下肺（n=37,90%）,肺野中外1/3及胸膜下（n=39,95%）。没有发现肺门或纵膈淋巴结肿大患者。结论甲型H1N1流感肺炎胸部CT以磨玻璃阴影及实变为主,单或双侧中下肺多见,主要累及肺野中外1/3及胸膜下。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎与甲型H1N1流感肺炎的临床特征及HRCT胸部影像学比较

目的比较新型冠状病毒肺炎(Novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP)与甲型H1N1流感肺炎的早期临床特征及胸部HRCT影像学特点。方法回顾性分析40例NCP患者与41例甲型H1N1流感肺炎患者的早期临床表现、实验室检查和胸部HRCT影像学资料,其中NCP组根据临床分为普通组和重型组。结果 40例NCP与41例甲型H1N1流感肺炎患者的早期临床表现、实验室检查差异无统计学意义(P=0.292);早期胸部影像学征象上NCP组和H1N1组基本影像改变主要是双肺下叶中外带磨玻璃影; NCP组患者病灶呈小结节状、片团状亚实变、实变及纤维化多于H1N1组患者(P<0.05),且病灶容易累及中叶。NCP组的重型组较普通型组在早期更容易出现小结节、实变、纤维化并伴随胸膜增厚及胸腔积液。结论与H1N1组患者相比,NCP组患者早期肺部病变累及范围广,容易形成亚实变、实变、纤维化,进展迅速。HRCT检查能客观反映二者的影像学特征,在一定程度上有助于鉴别诊断,有助于指导临床早期诊断及治疗。     

Influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia: an analysis of 63 cases by chest CT

Background  In early April 2009, cases of human infection with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus were identified in Mexico. The virus then spread rapidly to other regions of the world. From October 2009, sporadic imported cases of novel influenza A (H1N1) were continuously confirmed in Suzhou. The aim of the study was to review the chest CT findings in 63 patients with laboratory-confirmed novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infection.

Methods  Chest CT examinations were collected from 63 S-OIV infected patients during their hospital stay. Three experienced radiologists inspected images to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize S-OIV induced image changes. CT scores of lesion severity were calculated based on the percentage of affected area to determine severity of infectious lesions. Patients were divided into two groups based on the leukocyte counts. Lesion patterns, local distributions, and quantitative measures were investigated and compared between the two groups.

Results  Various degrees of bilateral multifocal lesions of ground-glass opacities were found with or without consolidations on the chest CT images. The lesions were both bronchocentric and centrilobular. Patients with elevated leukocyte counts had more extensive lesions, in terms of severity and affected area, than the patients with normal leukocyte counts. The lesion severity scores of patients in the elevated leukocyte group were significantly higher than those of the normal leukocyte group in terms of the entire lung area (P <0.01), and upper (P <0.05) and lower (P <0.01) lobes as well. There were changes in the CT characteristics seen at follow-up as demonstrated by lesions absorption (P <0.01), especially in the upper lobe of the lung (P <0.01), but less so in the middle lobe/lingual and lower lobe of the lung (P >0.05).

Conclusions  The most common CT findings in S-OIV infection patients were bilateral multifocal distributed ground-glass opacities and consolidations. The lesions were located dominantly at bronchocentric and centrilobular areas. Lung lesions were more obviously absorbed in upper lobes between two examinations. The observations and analysis from this study provide information that may be useful in image understanding and patient management for future pandemic influenza.

     

31例甲型H1N1流感患者合并肺部感染患者影像学变化

目的 总结分析甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎的胸部X线片与CT影像表现特点.方法 对31例甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎患者的影像学特点及临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 31例患者中有5例患者胸片或CT未见明显病变,其余26例出现散在片状影改变9例,实变8例,多发性团块影4例,间质性肺炎改变4例,胸腔积液1例.结论 甲型H1N1流感患者合并肺炎的肺部影像学表现有一定特征性,影像学检查对重症甲型H1N1流感诊断有重要的价值.     

甲型H1N1流感危重症15例临床分析

目的:通过甲型H1N1流感危重症病例资料的回顾性研究,总结甲型H1N1流感危重症患者的临床、实验室检查、影像学、治疗及转归等特点,以指导临床实践。方法:回顾性分析确诊为甲型H1N1流感危重症共15例,对其流行病学、临床表现、实验室检查、影像学表现、治疗及转归等进行统计学处理和综合分析。结果:15例患者中男4例,女11例,平均发病年龄(35.20±18.88)岁,其中8例为孕产妇,4例有慢性基础疾病。疾病加重中位时间为3 d,平均时间(3.13±1.51)d。临床症状无特征性,发热、咳嗽、咯痰、纳差、呼吸困难、气促是主要症状。患者首次血常规检测白细胞总数正常或减低(14例,93.3%)。所有患者前白蛋白均降低,50%以上的患者总蛋白、白蛋白降低。发病初期8例乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)增高,5例LDH增高大于正常值上限2倍且均需呼吸机治疗。胸部CT主要表现为双肺多发实变影及磨玻璃影,以双下肺和胸膜下分布为主。治愈14例,死亡1例,出院4周后随访10例患者胸部CT示炎性反应基本吸收。结论:孕产妇及有基础疾病者易为甲型H1N1流感危重症,疾病进展迅速,疾病加重拐点可能为发病第3天;大多数患者血常规白细胞总数正常或减低,所有患者前白蛋白均减低;发病初期LDH升高大于正常上限2倍以上者病情更加严重;绝大部分患者可治愈,预后良好。     

重症人禽流感病毒性肺炎的影像学表现及动态变化

目的探讨重症人禽流感病毒（高致病性H5N1型）肺炎的影像学检查方法及胸部X线与CT影像表现及动态变化。方法回顾性分析2例由卫生部确诊,并经过抢救治疗痊愈的重症人禽流感病毒性肺炎病人的相关临床、影像学和随访资料。结果胸部影像学表现及动态变化：①磨玻璃样片状影及肺实变影是人禽流感病毒性肺炎较早出现的影像学表现;②病灶侵犯肺组织广泛,表现为多叶多段的两肺广泛受累;③病灶蔓延变化迅速;④病灶吸收慢、迁延时间长,恢复期2a随访有肺纤维化的影像表现。结论重症人禽流感病人具有实变出现早、病灶变化快且广泛,病灶吸收相当缓慢等特点。通过影像学的动态观察,在指导临床诊断、鉴别诊断以及及时有效地确定治疗方案,评价疗效等方面均有一定价值。     

人感染H7N9禽流感性肺炎的影像学表现

目的 探讨人感染H7N9禽流感病毒性肺炎的影像学表现。方法 回顾性分析笔者医院收治的10例确诊为人感染H7N9禽流感病毒性肺炎患者的临床及影像学资料。结果 10例患者均行X线和CT检查。9例患者呈多灶多肺叶分布, 以两肺下叶最多;7例病灶呈磨玻璃密度影(ground glass density, GGO)或GGO合并大片状实变;5例小叶间隔增厚、3例支气管血管束增粗;5例实变肺组织内见充气支气管征。其他征象:少量胸腔积液4例, 纵隔淋巴结肿大伴钙化1例。结论 人感染H7N9禽流感肺炎具有一定的影像学特征, 影像学检查有助于监测病情变化。     

甲型H1N1肺炎的影像学特征

目的 探讨甲型H1N1病毒所致肺炎的影像学特征。方法 回顾性分析27例经实验室证实的甲型H1N1肺炎患者的胸部X线及CT影像学表现。结果 按照甲型H1N1病毒肺炎的受累面积,将27例患者按初诊时肺部的影像改变程度分为轻、中、重度3种类型。轻度者10例,表现为散在分布的、斑片状磨玻璃样阴影;中度者9例,表现为双肺散在分布的、多发片状实变阴影及结节影,5例合并胸腔积液,并伴有轻、中度代偿性肺气肿;重度者8例,表现为双肺大片实变阴影伴有空洞,其中2例合并霉菌球,3例伴有支气管扩张,4例合并纵隔及胸壁皮下气肿,均伴有双侧胸腔积液及中、重度肺气肿。6例死亡病例中,1例为轻度肺炎恶化死亡,1例为中度肺炎转化为重度肺炎后死亡,其他4例为重度肺炎病例。结论 甲型H1N1肺炎表现为多肺段受累的磨玻璃样变和实变,重度者常伴有空洞、支气管扩张、胸腔积液、纵隔皮下气肿及霉菌感染,死亡率高。     

重症甲型H1N1流感并肺炎的临床和影像学特点分析并文献复习(附39例病例报道)

目的 探寻新型重症甲型H1N1流感的发病规律,积累诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析中南大学湘雅二医院2009年甲型H1N1流感病房收治的诊断为重症甲型H1N1流感并肺炎的39例患者的临床和影像学特点,并结合文献复习.结果 发病年龄2岁11月～57岁.既往有基础疾病的患者11例(28.2％),肥胖症1例(2 6％),妊娠4例(10.3％).起病均有流感样症状(100％),10( 25.6％)例出现活动后气促.血气分析提示4例为I型呼衰,3例为低氧血症.胸部影像学表现主要为毛玻璃样模糊阴影的背景下,有局部散在、片状的高密度影,既有急性肺间质改变的表现,又有局灶肺实变的表现,但几乎未见典型的大叶性肺炎影像学改变.39例均为确诊病例.入院后立即给予奥司他韦抗病毒治疗,37例病例痊愈,2例患者死亡.结论 年龄较大(大于60岁)的人群中发生重症甲流的病例很少,孕妇在此次甲型H1N1流感病毒流行中感染后较易发展为重症;重症主要并发肺炎,以双下肺野分布的磨玻璃样模糊阴影为其典型的影像学表现;发病时间超过48小时仍不应放弃奥司他韦抗病毒治疗.     

Hospitalized patients with novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection: Shanghai, June–July 2009

Background From late May 2009, sporadic imported cases of novel influenza A （HIN1） were continuously confirmed in Shanghai, but there were few reports on its clinical presentation in China. The aim of the study was to investigate the demographic and clinical features of the laboratory-confirmed cases and the treatment with oseltamivir. Method We performed a retrospective study in the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center （SHAPHC）, reviewing the medical records of the laboratory-confirmed patients derived from June 10 to July 20, 2009. Results A total of 156 cases were enrolled, of whom 152 had a history of recent travel. The mean age was 22.6 years and 89 cases （57.1%） were males. The most common symptoms were fever, cough, and sore throat, with children more likely to run a temperature above 38.5℃ than adults. The mean leucocyte count was 5.4×10^9/L, the mean neutrophil count 3.2×10^9/L and the mean lymphocyte count 1.4×10^9/L. Other findings included a normal range or elevated level of C-reactive protein （CRP） and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and a normal or decreased level of prealbumin; the levels of prealbumin and CRP were significantly lower in the children than in the adults. Fifty-two patients had abnormal chest CT results, with small unilateral or bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, axillary and mediastinal lymphadenopathy and local pleural thickening, while no cases showed symptoms of hypoxia. All the patients received oseltamivir and recovered without complications, but the duration of fever and virus shedding were significantly longer in the children than in the adults. Conclusions Travel-related circulation may be an important reason for the H1N1 epidemic in the non-epidemic areas, and the virus caused mild respiratory symptoms. The infection in children was more severe in terms of prealbumin levels, temperature, the duration of fever and virus shedding. Oseltamivir was effective for H1N1, but more effective in the adults than in the children.     

56例甲型H1N1流感合并肺炎的影像分析

目的探讨甲型H1N1流感合并肺部炎症的影像表现。方法回顾性总结分析56例甲型H1N1流感合并肺部炎症患者胸部CT的影像表现。结果①56例均以大小不等的云片状及絮团状的炎性实变影为基本影像表现;②54例病变以肺外围向肺门发展为特征;③41例病变范围广,发展速度快,双侧广泛分布;④36例累及胸膜,易合并胸膜增厚、胸腔积液及气胸;⑤9例病变发展可有支气管通气征;⑥6例合并纵隔淋巴结肿大。结论影像学检查有助于肺部损害的客观评估及并发症的早期诊断,对甲型H1N1感染者预后至关重要。