护理专业大学生情绪智力现状研究

目的探讨护理专业大学生情绪智力现状研究。方法采用目的抽样的方法将某医科院校的890名1~5年级护理专业的大学生(简称护生)纳入该组研究中,共采用情绪智力量表情绪智力量表统计调查大学本科、大学专科以及专科3个不同学历层次护生的情绪智力水平,针对存在的问题提出解决对策。结果所有护生的情绪智力量表总分平均分为(3.64±0.47)分,可以看出大多数护生的得分均处于中等水平;在4个情绪智力量表中,所有护生的情绪调节调控得分>调控他人情绪得分>情绪感知得分>运用情绪得分。且3组不同学历层次护生在调控他人情绪量表和情绪感知量表2两项因子评分和情绪智力量表总分方面相比较数据有明显的差异(P<0.05)。本科护生的情绪智力量表得分为(3.58±0.41)分,大专护生的情绪智力量表得分为(3.77±0.43)分,中专护生的情绪智力量表得分为(3.47±0.42)分;可见大专护生的情绪智力量表得分>本科护生>中专护生。一年级到五年级护生的情绪智力量表总分分别为(3.65±0.43)分、(3.43±0.47)分、(3.72±0.53)分、(3.31±0.46)分、(3.43±0.52)分;可见三年级的护生情绪智力总分较高,其次分别为一年级、五年级、二年级和四年级。结论护生的情绪智力总体水平不高,教育工作者与管理者需加强对护生情绪智力培养的重视,提高情绪智力水平,提升专业归属感和职业认同感,更好地融入到临床护理工作中。     

干部门诊护生情商现状及分析

目的调查干部门诊护生情商现状,为提高护生情商水平、培养合格的护理人才提供依据。方法采用台湾学者孙育智和叶玉珠根据Goleman情绪智力理论所编制的青少年情绪智力量表,对干部门诊实习的护生进行情商问卷调查。结果干部门诊护生情商得分范围在85~103分之间,在情绪智力5个维度中,干部门诊护生得分最高的为识别他人情绪(3.76±0.84)分,其余依次为了解自身情绪(3.67±0.83)分、自我激励(3.57±0.73)分、经营人际关系(3.4±0.81)分、管理情绪(3.17±0.92)分,不同学历的护生情绪智力得分不同,本科组护生情绪智力各维度得分均高于大专组,其中3个维度情绪智力得分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论干部门诊护生情商处于中等水平,有待提高,临床教员应加强护生人文素质培训。     

大学生情绪智力及与自尊和学业满意度关系

目的 了解大学生情绪智力特点及其与自尊和学业满意度关系.方法 采用情绪智力、自尊和学业满意度量表对宁夏大学248名大学生进行调查.结果 大学生自我情绪调控[(3.71±0.35)分]和调控他人情绪[(3.67±0.40)分]以及情绪运用[(3.65±0.54)分]得分均高于情绪感知(3.51±0.23)分](P＜0.001);女生情绪智力总分[(3.67±0.23)分]、自我情绪调控得分[(3.76±0.36)分]、情绪运用得分[(3.72±0.53)分]均高于男生的(3.57±0.23)、(3.64±0.32)、(3.54±0.52)分(P＜0.05);大三学生情绪智力总分(3.66±0.23)和情绪感知得分(3.56±0.31)明显高于大一的(3.59±0.24)、(3.47±0.36)分(P＜0.05);大学生情绪智力各维度与自尊和学业满意度均呈正相关(P＜0.05);大学生自我情绪调控和调控他人情绪在自尊与学业满意度之间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应比例分别为18.5％、11.3％.结论 大学生情绪智力各因子发展不均衡,情绪智力存在性别和年级差异,大学生自尊通过情绪调控对学业满意度起中介作用.     

高职专科实习护生共情能力与情绪智力的相关研究

目的调查高职专科实习护生的共情能力与情绪智力的现状水平并探讨二者的相关关系。方法 2015年10月采用大学生共情能力量表和情绪智力量表(emotional intelligence scale,EIS),对268名泰安市某三甲医院的高职专科实习护生进行调查。计量资料比较采用t检验和Pearson相关性分析,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果护生的共情总分为(103.46±13.42)分,情绪智力总分为(110.32±15.39)分。共情的三个维度及总分与情绪智力的感知情绪、利用情绪、理解他人情绪和总分均呈明显正相关(均P0.05)。此外,观点采择与调控自我情绪呈正相关(P0.05)。结论护理教育者应针对共情与情绪智力两者的共同点,寻找合理恰当的教育对策,提高护生的共情能力和情绪智力水平,为将来更好的服务于临床工作做好准备。     

临实习护生心理韧性、自我效能感与焦虑的相关性研究

目的:了解临实习护生心理韧性、自我效能感、焦虑的现状,并探讨三者之间的关系。方法:采用焦虑自评量表、青少年心理韧性量表、自我效能感量表对330名临实习护生(本科、大专、中专)进行调查。结果:护生的焦虑总分为(47.57±8.27)分;心理韧性总分为(86.18±11.65)分;自我效能感总分为(100.14±17.18)分;研究发现,心理韧性、自我效能及焦虑得分显著相关(P0.01)。结论:临实习护生普遍存在焦虑情绪,心理韧性水平尚可,自我调节效能有待提高,三者有关联。     

护理实习生死亡焦虑现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解广州市3所三级甲等医院护理实习生（实习护生）死亡焦虑现状,探讨其影响因素,为改善实习护生死亡焦虑情绪,构建临床死亡教育课程提供参考。方法 2022年3—4月,以方便抽样法选取317名实习护生,采用死亡焦虑量表、调节聚焦量表、应对方式量表进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 广州市某3所三级甲等医院实习护生死亡焦虑得分为（44.97±8.90）分,促进聚焦得分为（13.90±3.11）分,预防聚集得分为（10.27±2.48）分,积极应对得分为（33.6±7.60）分,消极应对得分为（19.16±4.77）分。多元回归分析结果显示,经历照护患者死亡、参与患者临终尸体护理、调节聚焦水平和应对方式是死亡焦虑的主要影响因素（均P<0.05）。结论 广州市某3所三级甲等医院实习护生死亡焦虑处于较高水平,临床教学医院应重视对实习护生的死亡教育,积极探索影响死亡焦虑水平的相关因素,构建适合临床的死亡教育课程,缓解负面情绪,树立正确的生死观,为患者提供高质量护理。     

实习护生情绪劳动与工作倦怠的相关性研究

目的 调查实习护生的情绪劳动水平,分析其与工作倦怠的相关性,为提高实习护生的职业认同感和职业价值观提供依据。方法 采用一般资料调查表、情绪劳动量表和护士工作倦怠量表对本院264名实习护生进行问卷调查。结果 护生情绪劳动条目均分为(3.56±0.57)分,由低到高依次为表层扮演(3.00±0.94)分、情绪表达要求(3.35±1.04)分和深层扮演(5.14±0.79)分;护生工作倦怠情感耗竭维度得分为(20.52±9.67)分,处于中度水平,去个性化维度得分为(5.21±4.97)分,处于较低水平,个人成就感维度得分为(14.63±7.03)分,处于高度水平,与护士群体工作倦怠的常模值相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。情绪劳动的表层扮演与工作倦怠呈正相关(P<0.05),情绪劳动中的深层扮演与工作倦怠呈负相关(P<0.05)。多元回归分析结果表明:表层扮演对情感耗竭(β=0.328,P<0.01)、去人格化(β=0.361,P<0.01)和个人成就感(β=0.245,P<0.01)有正向预测作用;深层扮演对情感耗竭(β=-0.240,P<0.01)、去人格化(β=-0.288,P<0.01)和个人成就感(β=-0.400,P<0.01)有反向预测作用。结论 实习护生的情绪劳动水平处于中等水平,情绪劳动和工作倦怠感存在相关性,当护生的情绪体验与实习情景中的工作要求有冲突时,护理管理者须根据护生的不同情绪体验制定相应的职业发展管理策略,增强护生的职业认同感,减少护理后备人才的流失。     

本科实习护生学业支持感知与专业承诺的相关性研究

目的调查本科实习护生学业支持感知与专业承诺的现状,并分析两者的相关性。方法于2019年3—5月采用一般资料调查表、实习护生学业支持感知量表和大学生专业承诺量表对安徽省4所医学院校455名本科实习护生进行问卷调查。结果实习护生学业支持感知得分为6.78±1.56,得分最高的维度是临床指导老师的学业支持(7.13±1.73),得分最低的维度是学校/学院的学业支持(6.24±1.92);专业承诺得分为3.38±0.50,得分最高的维度是规范承诺(3.82±0.55),得分最低的维度是继续承诺(3.10±0.49)。实习护生学业支持感知与专业承诺呈正相关(P0.01)。分层回归分析显示,临床指导老师的学业支持是专业承诺的影响因素(P0.01)。结论实习护生学业支持感知对专业承诺有显著影响,应加强实习护生的学业支持,尤其是临床指导老师的学业支持,增强护生实习自信心,提高专业承诺水平。     

长沙市三甲医院实习护生生涯适应力现状及影响因素

目的调查长沙市三甲医院实习护生生涯适应力现状及其影响因素。方法采用一般资料问卷、大学生生涯适应力量表、自我分化量表对长沙市5所三甲医院410名实习护生进行调查。结果三甲医院实习护生生涯适应力得分为77.66±9.98,处于中等水平;自我分化得分为109.46±15.04,处于中等水平。自我分化与生涯适应力呈正相关(r=0.392,P0.01);性格、家庭月收入、是否担任过班干部、是否有兼职经历、选择护理专业的原因、对就业前景的态度、自我分化对护生的生涯适应力有影响(R~2=0.266,F=22.220,P0.01)。结论三甲医院实习护生生涯适应力处于中等水平,护理教育者应根据不同特征的实习护生采取不同的对策提高其生涯适应力。     

川渝两地三级医院专科护生临床实习满意度调查分析

目的 了解川渝两地三级以上医院专科护理学生临床实习质量,探索护生在临床实践过程中的影响因素并提出应对措施,提升临床实习质量。方法 针对川渝两地三级医院专科实习护生共388人采用自制问卷调查表进行调查,问卷主要涉及到护生实习收获、带教教师专业素质及带教方式、科室管理以及医院实习环境4个方面。结果 护生总体满意度得分为(61.668±10.626)分,护生实习收获、带教教师专业素质及带教方式、科室管理和医院实习环境得分分别为(3.193±0.409)分、(3.164±0.664)分、(2.921±0.68)分、(2.968±0.721)分。结论 川渝两地三级医院的专科护生临床实习满意情况处于中等水平,加强学校-医院-科室三方沟通、注重实习过程性管理和监督、关注护生合理要求可有效提高护生临床实习质量。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.