液上气相色谱法测定尿丙酮的临床应用

脂类代谢是体内重要的代谢之一。心肌和骨骼肌能彻底氧化脂肪酸生成Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣＯ２，并提供能量，若肝组织由于缺乏某些酶，即转入病理性失常代谢，常不能将脂肪酸彻底氧化而产生酮体［１］。酮体是乙酰乙酸、β－羟基丁酸和丙酮的总称，三者各占一定比例建立一个可逆的动...     

微透析-高效液相色谱法测定大鼠脑脊液中4种氨基酸的含量测定

目的： 通过对大鼠脑透析液中氨基酸的含量测定,为在体氨基酸分析建立方法。方法： 利用微透析技术抽取麻醉下大鼠脑脊液，运用OPA柱前衍生法处理样品，再用高效液相二元梯度洗脱色谱法，BDSC18柱（Hypersil，4.6 mm×250.0 mm，5 μm），荧光检测脑脊液中谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、牛磺酸等4种氨基酸的含量。结果： 该体系可在30 min内对脑脊液中4种氨基酸实现良好的分离，4种氨基酸在0.625-10 μmol/L浓度范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好，保留时间分别是天门冬氨酸4.392 min、谷氨酸5.592 min、牛磺酸13.625 min、γ-氨基丁酸14.833 min。结论: 本方法准确、灵敏、方便、重复性好，可用于微透析样品中氨基酸的含量测定。     

离子色谱法测定液体创可贴中的氮含量

目的建立离子色谱法检测液体创可贴中氮含量的方法,对液体创可贴中氮含量进行准确定量来衡量液体创可贴中硝化棉的投料量,进而间接衡量液体创可贴的成膜性、硬度、附着力等性能。方法用DIONX ICS-1100离子色谱仪进行检测,色谱柱AS9-HC柱(4 mm×250 mm),淋洗液为5.0 mmol/L对羟基苯甲酸和5.3 mmol/L N,N-二乙基乙醇胺混合液,流速1 mL/min,电导检测器,外标法定量,用不同浓度梯度的亚硝酸根离子对照品和不同浓度梯度的硝酸根离子对照品分别绘制工作曲线,分别分析不同浓度的亚硝酸根离子和硝酸根离子的出峰时间和峰面积,选取A医疗器械厂家的液体创可贴产品为待测样品,最后将待测样品消解后与对照品平行的进行样品处理并检测。结果亚硝酸根离子在浓度2.9998~6.9995μg/mL范围内与峰面积保持良好的线性关系(r=0.9990),检出限为0.14999 g/mL(S/N=3),精密度相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为1􀆰62%(n=5),平均加标回收率为99.9%(n=9);硝酸根离子在浓度1.7015~3.9701μg/mL范围内与峰面积保持良好的线性关系(r=0.9999),检出限为0.08507μg/mL(S/N=3),精密度RSD为1.48%(n=5),平均加标回收率为100.9%(n=9)。最后对测试样本测试的结果进行计算,得出测试样本中氮的平均含量为11.24 mg/g。结论该方法具备良好的线性范围,准确度高、重复性好,样品经过前处理后,不受样品中其他组分的干扰,可用于液体创可贴中氮含量的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定川芎中阿魏酸的含量

目的 以川芎常见的阿魏酸为研究对象,建立液相色谱测定方法,为监管药物安全提供技术支持.方法 川芎样品加水研磨并过滤,分别取以上样品的上清液或滤过液;川芎样品直接过0.45μm滤膜后分析.色谱检测条件为:Cis色谱柱,流动相为5∶95的甲醇,5mmol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷缓冲溶液(pH4.5),流速为1.2ml/min,紫外检测波长205nm,测定结果与国家标准方法进行了比对.结果 对同一川芎样品进行5次测量,其变异系数均小于2%,加标回收率为98.6%.结论 本文首次采用离子对色谱法同时检测川芎中阿魏酸的含量,不需衍生,方法快速、简便,在药物检验中具有实际应用价值.     

血液透析专用中心静脉导管封管液的研究

在为血液透析专用中心静脉导管患者进行封管时,封管液的选择会影响封管的效果。目前对于何种封管液有最佳的抗栓效果及较好的安全性,国内外对枸橼酸钠与肝素封管液的效果存在一些争议。如何延长中心静脉导管留置的时间,以及减少导管并发症的发生是临床急需解决的问题。本文就血液透析专用中心静脉导管封管液枸橼酸钠和肝素对凝血功能、导管堵管率以及导管功能相关血流感染的影响等方面展开综述,为临床护理工作提供相关证据。     

哮喘患儿诱导痰液中IL-8含量测定的临床意义

探讨哮喘患儿诱导痰液中IL 8测定的临床意义。采用ELISA法分别测定 4 1例不同时期、不同程度的哮喘患儿和 11例正常儿童诱导痰液中IL 8含量 ,便携式肺功能仪测定肺通气功能。哮喘组患儿诱导痰液中IL 8含量较对照组显著增高 ,P <0 0 5 ;中、重度发作期哮喘患儿诱导痰液IL 8含量较稳定期显著增高 ,P <0 0 5。诱导痰液中IL 8含量与 1s用力呼气容积占预计值百分比 (FEV1 0 % )呈显著负相关。IL 8参与了儿童哮喘的发生和发展 ,诱导痰液中IL 8含量可反映气道炎症的变化 ,可用于儿童哮喘发病机制的研究、病情监测及指导药物治疗     

乳牙釉质磷离子导入后磷元素含量的变化

目的:比较分析磷离子导入下颌乳中切J牙后,釉质中磷元素含量的变化。方法:选择5～7岁汉族儿童因乳牙滞留拔除的无龋下颌乳中切牙20颗。每颗标本从切缘中点,沿牙体长轴唇舌向对半切开,分别为实验组和对照组。采用电子探针做量分析法检测磷离子导入前后,下颌乳中切牙釉质磷元素含量的变化。结果:釉质表层下100μm内各深度磷元素含量,实验组均高于对照组;釉质表层下50μm内各深度磷元素含量增值高于100μm处。结论:对乳牙进行磷离子导入,可提高釉质表层磷元素含量,磷元素含量的增值有随釉质深度增加而减少的趋势。磷离子导入法在儿童龋病防治方面有潜在的应用价值。     

应用离子对反相高效液相色谱法检测微卫星DNA不稳定

目的　建立一种敏感、稳定、高通量的微卫星 DNA不稳定检测技术。方法　应用离子对反相高效液相色谱法在 2 0名正常人、115例散发性大肠癌患者中检测 5个微卫星位点。正常人取外周静脉血DNA,重复 PCR反应 (标准化参照 )。癌症患者取其癌组织及同源正常组织 DNA,配对分析 PCR产物。结果　 115例大肠癌样本中 17例 (14 .8% )存在微卫星 DNA高度不稳定 ,2 3例 (2 0 .0 % )存在微卫星 DNA低度不稳定。低龄和高龄大肠癌患者中微卫星不稳定 (microsatellite instability,MSI)检出率高于中位年龄患者(P<0 .0 5 ) ;低分化大肠癌患者中 MSI检出率高于中、高分化大肠癌患者 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　离子对反相高效液相色谱法可用于检测 MSI,并具有敏感、稳定、高通量等特点。     

紫外分光光度法和离子色谱法测水中硝酸盐氮的比较

目的比较紫外分光光度法和离子色谱法测水中硝酸盐氮的差异,探讨其优缺点。方法以紫外分光光度法和离子色谱法检测邹城市20份各类水样中硝酸盐氮含量。对两种方法进行配对t检验。结果检出限：离子色谱法为0.04mg/L,紫外分光光度法取50ml水样测定,检出限为0.20mg/L,两种方法对20份生活饮用水中硝酸盐氮的测定无统计学意义（t=2.029,P〉0.05）RSD和回收率：紫外分光光度法为1.20%和96.28%,离子色谱法为1.30%和98.21%。结论用离子色谱法可以同时获得多种阴离子含量,干扰因素少,两种方法都可以得到较好的精密度和准确度。     

高效液相色谱法测定尿塞通胶囊中丹参酮的含量

目的建立尿塞通胶囊中丹参酮的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法、ODS柱，流动相为甲醇-水(80：20)检测波长为270nm。结果丹参酮的线性范围在0．065-0．327μg间．平均回收率99．09％，RSD为1.01％。结论该方法简便、准确、实用．可用于控制尿塞通胶囊的质量。     

铁离子对乳酸环丙沙星注射液变色的影响

乳酸环丙沙星注射液由于在生产过程中带入铁离子而使颜色变黄,这是铁离子与环丙沙星形成缔合物的关系,但铁离子对乳酸环丙沙星含量并无影响.当加入EDTA就能络合与环丙沙星缔合的铁离子而退色,EDTA对环丙沙星的含量亦无影响.     

Determination of albumin and myoglobin in dialysate and ultrafiltrate samples by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography

A high-performance size-exclusion chromatographic method was developed, validated and implemented for simultaneous and quantitative determination of albumin and myoglobin along with inulin, vancomycin and creatinine in dialysate and ultrafiltrate samples from in vitro hemodialysis experiments. The experimental parameters including mobile phase pH, ionic strength, detection wavelength, flow-rate, injection volume were first optimized for the determination of albumin, myoglobin, inulin, vancomycin and creatinine. The peak height ratio and detection limits of the proteins were then comparatively studied at 210, 254 and 280 nm by UV and diode array detection. The method was further validated by evaluating the linearity, precision and accuracy of the proteins. The assay was finally implemented to the simultaneous and quantitative determination of the proteins in dialysate and ultrafiltrate samples.     

Determination of glycated haemoglobin in horses by cation exchange chromatography

Glycated haemoglobin (Hb) concentration is a retrospective measure of mean blood glucose level and is not affected by recent stresses, food ingestion or exercise. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple method for the determination of horse glycated haemoglobin. Blood samples were collected from jugular veins of 20 Iranian, crossbred horses. After separation and washing of red blood cells, hemolysate was prepared and subjected to cation exchange chromatography. Two peaks were observed in the chromatogram of each hemolysate sample. To determine which peak was related to glycated haemoglobin, hemolysates incubated with glucose (400 mg/dl final glucose concentration) were subjected to chromatography in the same conditions. It was shown that the first peak was spiked. It is concluded that weak cation exchange chromatography with linear gradient of ionic strength is able to determine glycated haemoglobin in horses. In 20 horses subjected to this study, glycated haemoglobin was 3.20±0.84% of total haemoglobin.     

超滤量及透析液钙浓度对透析前后血钙的影响

目的:观察不同超滤量及透析液钙浓度对透析前后血钙的影响.方法:将92名血液透析患者按照使用透析液的Ca 2+浓度分为Ca-1.25组和Ca-1.5组,每组再按照透析超滤量分为两个亚组,Ca-1.25组分为A,B组,Ca-1.5组分为C,D组,A组、C组超滤量<3 kg,B组、D组超滤量≥3 kg.检测透析前后各组血清总钙、血磷、透前甲状旁腺激素(plasma parathyroid hormone,PTH)浓度并进行相关分析.结果:各组透析后血钙浓度较透析前升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),B组、D组透析前后血钙变化分别较A组、C组明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),Ca-1.5组血钙较Ca-1.25组高,两组透析前后血钙变化差异无统计学意义.A,B组及C,D组中血磷及PTH均无差异,Ca-1.25组血磷及PTH均高于Ca-1.5组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:使用1.25和1.5 mmol/L的Ca2+透析液均会使钙向体内转运,超滤量与钙转运量成正比,与血磷变化无关,且使用1.5 mmol/L的Ca2+透析液的患者血钙更易达到正常水平,不刺激PTH分泌.     

全自动透析液集中供应系统的改进及应用

目的降低血液透析机桶装液耗材成本,提高工作效率,保证透析液浓度要求。方法研制出了安全、稳定、高效、节能的DCS-200型全自动透析液集中供应系统,此系统能自动配液、自动消毒、自动清洗、自动排放和定时循环。结果本系统为临床节省了很大的成本,提高了工作效率和效益,并且提供了稳定无污染的透析原液,保证临床治疗需要。结论全自动透析液集中供应系统有非常高的临床应用价值,比传统的A/B桶装液和分散开放供液有非常显著的优势。     

No difference in net uptake or disposal of lactate by trained and untrained forearms during incremental sodium lactate infusion

A number of training adaptations in skeletal muscle might be expected to enhance lactate extraction during hyperlactataemia. The aim of the present study was to determine whether resting endurance-trained forearms exhibit an increased net lactate removal during hyperlactataemia. Six racquet-sport players attended the laboratory for two experiments, separated by 2 weeks. In the first experiment incremental handgrip exercise to fatigue was performed to identify trained (TRFA, n=6) and untrained (UTFA, n=5) forearms. In the second experiment net forearm lactate exchange was compared between TRFA and UTFA during an incremental infusion of sodium lactate. TRFA performed more work than UTFA during handgrip exercise [mean (SE) TRFA, 66.1 (9.5) J·100 ml^–1; UTFA, 35.1 (2.3) J·100 ml^–1; P=0.02] and UTFA exhibited a greater increase in net lactate output relative to work load (P=0.003). During lactate infusion net lactate uptake across the resting forearms increased linearly with the arterial lactate concentration in both groups (TRFA, r=–0.95 (0.03); UTFA, r=–0.92 (0.04); P<0.02], with no difference in the regression slopes [TRFA, –1.06 (0.13); UTFA, –1.07 (0.27); P=0.97] or y-intercepts [TRFA, 0.67 (0.20); UTFA, 1.36 (0.67); P=0.37] between groups. Almost all of the lactate taken up was disposed of by both groups of forearms [TRFA, 99.6 (0.2)%; UTFA, 98.5 (1.0)%; P=0.37]. It was concluded that the net uptake and removal of lactate by resting skeletal muscle is a function of the concentration of lactate in the blood perfusing the muscle rather than the muscle training status. Electronic Publication     

The influence of a respiratory acidosis on the exercise blood lactate response

Summary The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of a respiratory acidosis on the blood lactate (La) threshold and specific blood La concentrations measured during a progressive incremental exercise test. Seven males performed three step-incremental exercise tests (20 W · min^–1) breathing the following gas mixtures; 21% O₂ balance-nitrogen, and 21% O₂, 4% CO₂ balance-nitrogen or balance-helium. The log-log transformation of La oxygen consumption (VO₂) relationship and a 1 mmol ·1^–1 increase above resting values were used to determine a La threshold. Also, theVO₂ corresponding to a La value of 2 (La2) and 4 (La4) mmol · 1^–1 was determined. Breathing the hypercapnic gas mixtures significantly increased the resting partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO₂) from 5.6 kPa (42 mm Hg) to 6.1 kPa (46 mm Hg) and decreased pH from 7.395 to 7.366. During the incremental exercise test,PCO₂ increased significantly to 7.2 kPa (54 mm Hg) and 6.8 kPa (51 mm Hg) for the hypercapnic gas mixtures with nitrogen and helium, respectively, and pH decreased to 7.194 and 7.208. In contrast, bloodPCO₂ decreased to 4.9 kPa (37 mm Hg) at the end of the normocapnic exercise test and pH decreased to 7.291. A blood La threshold determined from a log-log transformation [1.20 (0.28) 1·min^–1] or as an increase of 1 mmol·1^–1[1.84 (0.46) 1·min^–1] was unaffected by the acid-base alterations. Similarly, theVO₂ corresponding to La2 and La4 was not affected by breathing the hypercapnic gas mixtures [2.12 (0.46) 1·min^–1 and 2.81 (0.52) 1·min^–1, respectively]. Blood La values were reduced significantly at maximal exercise while breathing the hypercapnic gas mixtures (5.72±1.34 mmol ·1^–1) compared with the normocapnic test (6.96±1.14 mmol·1^–1). It is concluded that respiratory-induced acid-base manipulations due to the inspiration of 4% CO₂ have a negligible influence on the blood La response during a progressive exercise test at low and moderate power outputs. Lower blood La values are observed at maximal exercise with an induced respiratory acidosis but this negative influence is less than what has been reported for an induced metabolic acidosis.     

高糖腹膜透析液对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活力和NO产生的影响

目的探讨商业用腹膜透析液(commercial peritoneal dialysate,CDS)对腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响.方法培养的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(Mφ)在含不同葡萄糖浓度(15、25和42 g/L)的CDS中,经不同时间(10、30和60 min)的暴露,观察MФ还原MTF的能力及其NO的产量.结果低葡萄糖浓度(25 g/L)暴露10 min实验组,MФ还原MTT的能力(A570nm值)为0.210±0.008,NO的产量为(9.1±1.3)μmol/L,均明显低于对照组(P＜0.01);高葡萄糖浓度(42 g/L)和较长时间(60 min)暴露组,MФ还原MTF的能力(A570nm值)为0.056±0.004,NO的产量为(5.7±1.1)μmol/L,与对照组相比较,改变最明显(P＜0.01).结论短时间CDS暴露,即可降低MФ的活力及NO产生,这种作用与CDS中的葡萄糖浓度以及MФ暴露于CDS的时间呈正相关.