辽宁绒山羊同期发情效果的研究

将45只辽宁绒山羊平均分为3个组:A、B、C,按如下程序进行同期发情处理,A:CIDR PMSG FSH PG(CIDR埋植12d);B:CIDR FSH PG(CIDR埋植12d);C:CIDR PMSG FSH PG(CIDR埋植16d)。结果表明:(1)超排时加注250IUPMSG撤栓后48h内的同期发情率显著提高(试验组A:86.7%VS试验组B:73.3%,P<0.05);(2)撤栓后48h内的同期发情率埋栓16d组高于埋栓12d组,但两组间差异不显著(试验组A:86.7%VS试验组C:93.3%,P>0.05)。     

不同FSH处理方法对多浪羊同期发情效果的影响

为了研究FSH不同注射方法对多浪羊繁殖性能的影响,试验将172只多浪羊母羊随机分为A、B、C三个试验组和一个对照组D,在相同饲养条件下,采用阴道放置海绵栓,第11 d撤栓时注射相同剂量的孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)和氯前列烯醇(PG)进行同期发情处理,埋栓后第9 d,150 IU FSH按照不同注射方法对A、B、C组进行处理。结果表明:A组(150 IU)发情率为77.78%,B组(100 IU+50 IU)发情率为80.65%,C组(75 IU+75 IU)发情率为87.50%,对照D组发情率为80.36%,统计分析3个试验组和对照组之间的发情率差异不显著(P>0.05),说明多浪羊采用孕酮+PMSG+PG同期发情处理及FSH不同的注射方法对发情率没有显著的影响,但C组(75 IU+75 IU)发情率高于其他组。     

非繁殖季节不同品种绵羊同期发情试验研究

在全舍饲条件下,对处于非繁殖季节的56只道赛特羊、86只萨福克羊、158只特克赛尔羊随机分成两组,一组采用CIDR+PMSG同期处理,另一组采用孕酮海绵+PMSG同期处理,并对发情羊及时进行常温人工受精.结果表明:①A组(CIDR+PMSG法)与B组(孕酮海绵栓+PMSG法)两种方法比较,同期发情率差异显著[P<0.05];情期受胎率差异不显著(P>0.05].②A组处理羊中:道赛特羊、萨福克羊、特克赛尔羊同情发情率、情期受胎率差异不显著[P>0.05];B组处理羊中:道赛特羊同期发情率显著高于萨福克样和特克.赛尔样[P<0.05];B组处理羊中,萨福克羊情期受胎率显著高于道赛特羊和特克赛尔羊[P<0.05].③两组方法产羔率差异不显著[P>0.05];A组处理羊中:三品种产羔率差异不显著[P>0.05];B组处理羊中:道赛特羊产羔率显著高于萨福克样和特克赛尔样[P<0.05).     

东北马鹿同期发情技术的研究

试验采用三种发情方案对东北马鹿进行同期发情处理,第一组,采用自制海绵栓加PMSG法处理;第二组,采用新西兰进口CIDR PMSG法处理;第三组,采用PG PG PMSG法处理。本试验中,三种方法处理后的同期发情率,自制海绵栓组为81.8%(36/44)、进口叉栓组92%(46/50)、PG PG组42.1%(8/19),两阴道栓组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),两阴道栓组极显著高于PG PG组。     

和田羊不同方法同期发情效果比较

本试验于2011年3月进行,选取240只健康的和田羊,利用CIDR＋PG和CIDR＋PMSG对其进行同期发情处理效果的试验。结果显示：实施CIDR＋PG和CIDR＋PMSG同期化处理,同期发情率分别为96.7%和99.2%,情期受胎率分别为85.3%和84.9%,两者之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。     

不同生理状态细毛羊非繁殖季节诱导发情试验

利用孕酮阴道海绵栓(CIDR) PMSG HCG法分别对中国美利奴羊肉用品系的两种不同生理状态母羊:断奶和空怀母羊进行诱导发情处理,并对发情效果、产羔效果进行比较。统计分析表明,断奶母羊组和空怀母羊组的发情率分别为64%,48.3%,断奶母羊组发情率极显著高于空怀母羊组(P<0.01);断奶母羊组和空怀母羊组的双羔率、三羔率分别为10%、3%和1.1%,断奶组的多胎率极显著高于空怀母羊组(P<0.01)。结果表明,断奶母羊诱导发情效果明显优于空怀母羊。     

奶山羊乏情期诱导发情效果研究

为使处于乏情期的奶山羊发情,采用孕酮阴道释放装置和孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)处理对三原莎能奶山羊种羊场的73只母羊进行诱导发情。试验羊分为三组,将含有孕激素的阴道栓置于试验羊阴道中9d,分别在撤栓前48h、撤栓前24h和撤栓同时(即Oh)配合肌肉注射PMSG 300 IU/只,研究孕马血清促性腺激素不同使用时间的诱导发情效果。结果三组羊的发情率分别为52.63%、78.79%和85.71%;同期率分别为42.11%、69.71%和76.19%,三者差异显著(P<0.05);羊只的发情时间集中在撤栓后48 h左右,以48 h为峰值呈现正态分布;发情羊发情持续时间分别为34.81 h、36.46 h和30.67 h。试验结果表明在撤栓同时配合肌肉注射PMSG的发情率和同期率最高,发情持续期最短,是可以在奶山羊生产中应用的诱导发情程序。     

胚胎移植技术在云南半细毛羊上的应用研究

本研究重点对半细毛羊同期发情、超数排卵及胚胎移植技术进行研究,以期获得适于胚胎移植技术规模化的高效、简化、稳定的程序,提高胚胎移植效率及产业化提供技术支撑。用孕酮类海绵栓和Folligon同期发情处理的受体羊同期发情率达90.3%,91.4%的发情羊集中在去栓后20~36h,其中在20~24h之间发情的母羊占发情羊的67.7%,。Folligon在240I.U~260I.U之间对绵羊同期发情处理是适宜剂量。用CIDR对超排母羊同期发情处理,以同期发情开始处理之日计为0d,第15d开始连续4d、每天2次平行注射FSH(Ovagen)。结果表明,Ovagon对半细毛羊超排均获得较好的超排反应。外源孕酮能有效克服由于黄体退化引起的采胚效率降低的现象。成年羊在可用胚获得率(P<0.05)、A级胚率(P<0.05)胚胎退化率(P<0.01)和受精率(P<0.01)方面均显著高于育成羊,胚胎回收率无显著差异(P>0.05)。在平均黄体数、采胚数、可用胚数、退化胚数、未受精卵数方面,成年羊虽然也高于育成羊,但经t-检验分析差异均不显著。腹腔内窥镜和手术法移植的产羔率分别为69.64%和64.20%尽管手术法移植产羔率略低于腹腔内窥镜法,但二者差异不显著(P>0.05)。双胚移植产羔率高于单胚移植,但二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明,孕酮海绵栓—PMSG法用于云南半细毛羊同期发情能够保证大规模绵羊胚胎移植时供体胚胎与受体子宫环境的同步性。随着高效超数排卵技术的建立和腹腔内窥镜技术应用于受体移植,胚胎移植技术将在云南半细毛羊育种计划中发挥越来越重要的作用。     

利用CIDR+PMSG对乏情期绵羊同期发情处理的研究

本试验于2004年5月下旬进行,在羊非繁殖季节利用CIDR+PMSG对绵羊进行同期发情处理效果的试验。从统计分析可以看出,在非繁殖季节,对78只绵羊实施CIDR+PMSG同期化处理,在卵巢上出现卵泡或排卵的羊占处理羊数的97.44%;出现红体(排卵)的羊占处理羊的88.46%;平均排卵数1.84±0.11枚;对左右侧卵巢排卵统计表明,分别为1.82±0.19枚和1.86±0.12枚;两侧间无差异(P>0.05)。     

非繁殖季节绵羊诱导发情试验

对处于非繁殖季节的300只阿勒泰大尾羊采用CIDR PMSG法进行诱导发情处理,结果表明CIDR埋植12d和14d没有显著差异,较大剂量的PMSG可以提高母羊产羔率。     

Transcatheter intracavitary fibrinolysis of loculated pleural effusions: Experience in 102 patients

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of intrapleural urokinase instillation through small-caliber catheters for the treatment of loculate and/or septate effusions. METHODS: We inserted small-caliber catheters (8.2 Fr) in 102 patients with septate and/or loculate pleural effusions using ultrasonographic guidance. Urokinase (100,000 IU/2 hr, 3 times a day) was instilled through the catheter until the effusion resolved and D-dimer levels were <500 ng/ml. Patients were enrolled regardless of the etiology of the pleural effusion provided there were no contraindications for the use of urokinase. D-dimer levels were determined before and after treatment. Follow-up was performed by chest radiograph and sonography at 1 day, 7 days, and every 30 days thereafter for 6 months. RESULTS: Successful catheter placement was achieved in all cases. The mean time catheters stayed in place was 5.7 days and the mean dose of drug instilled was 690,000 IU. Pleural effusion drainage was complete at the first assessment in all patients. Failure of the treatment, with recurrent effusion at 30 days, occurred in six patients (5.8%). Complete resolution without sequelae was observed in 19 patients (19.6%). In 75 cases (73.5%) resolution was partial, with pleural thickening (>2 mm). Two patients died from unrelated causes within 30 days after catheter placement. Complications were seen in 13 patients (12.74%): hydropneumothorax, nine cases (8.82%); infection of the puncture point, three cases (2.94%); and adverse reaction, one case (0.98%). No further treatment was required. CONCLUSION: The use of intrapleural fibrinolytic agents delivered through small-caliber catheters for the treatment of loculate and/or septate pleural effusion is a simple, effective, minimally invasive and inexpensive procedure that can prevent sequelae and shorten drainage time.     

Transcatheter Intracavitary Fibrinolysis of Loculated Pleural Effusions: Experience in 102 Patients

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of intrapleural urokinase instillation through small-caliber catheters for the treatment of loculate and/or septate effusions. Methods: We inserted small-caliber catheters (8.2 Fr) in 102 patients with septate and/or loculate pleural effusions using ultrasonographic guidance. Urokinase (100,000 IU/2 hr, 3 times a day) was instilled through the catheter until the effusion resolved and D-dimer levels were <500 ng/ml. Patients were enrolled regardless of the etiology of the pleural effusion provided there were no contraindications for the use of urokinase. D-dimer levels were determined before and after treatment. Follow-up was performed by chest radiograph and sonography at 1 day, 7 days, and every 30 days thereafter for 6 months. Results: Successful catheter placement was achieved in all cases. The mean time catheters stayed in place was 5.7 days and the mean dose of drug instilled was 690,000 IU. Pleural effusion drainage was complete at the first assessment in all patients. Failure of the treatment, with recurrent effusion at 30 days, occurred in six patients (5.8%). Complete resolution without sequelae was observed in 19 patients (19.6%). In 75 cases (73.5%) resolution was partial, with pleural thickening (>2 mm). Two patients died from unrelated causes within 30 days after catheter placement. Complications were seen in 13 patients (12.74%): hydropneumothorax, nine cases (8.82%); infection of the puncture point, three cases (2.94%); and adverse reaction, one case (0.98%). No further treatment was required. Conclusion: The use of intrapleural fibrinolytic agents delivered through small-caliber catheters for the treatment of loculate and/or septate pleural effusion is a simple, effective, minimally invasive and inexpensive procedure that can prevent sequelae and shorten drainage time.     

模拟急进高原1d健康青年男性自主神经功能动态变化

目的探讨急进高原1d内自主神经系统(ANS)功能动态变化。方法采用低压氧舱模拟急进4500m高原1d,43名健康青年男性在进舱前和模拟急进高原第2h、10h、20h接受5min短程心率变异性(HRV)、静息心率(HR)及血压(BP)动态检测;进舱前和模拟急进高原过程中受试者各进行1次冷加压试验(CPT)和血浆去甲肾上腺素(NA)浓度检测。结果与进舱前相比,模拟急进高原1d内HRV中相差>50ms的相邻RR间期占RR间期总数的百分比(PNN50)呈显著持续下降(P<0.01);低频/高频(LF/HF)呈持续升高趋势;模拟急进高原第10h、20h分型维数(FD)呈持续显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);低频校正值(LFnu)及高频校正值(HFnu)分别在模拟急进高原第2h、10h显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),随后均呈升高趋势。模拟急进高原1d HR较进舱前持续显著升高(P<0.01),而CPT中收缩压升高幅度及血浆NA显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论急进高原1d交感神经、副交感神经活动较平原均显著减弱、调节功能受到广泛抑制,交感神经相对占优势并逐渐增强。     

Percutaneous injection of human thrombin to treat iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms: short- and midterm ultrasound follow-up

Our objective was to determine the efficacy of ultrasound-guided direct injection of human thrombin to close postcatheterization pseudoaneurysms and to evaluate the midterm results of this new percutaneous technique by ultrasound follow-up. One hundred one postcatheterization pseudoaneurysms in 100 patients were treated by direct injection of human thrombin (mean dose 200 IU, range 50–750 IU) under ultrasound guidance. Patient demographics, clinical data and ultrasonographic morphology of the pseudoaneurysms were analyzed. Midterm (mean 99 days, range 25–210 days) ultrasonographic follow-up was performed in 57 of 82 called patients (69.5%). Ninety-six of 101 pseudoaneurysms thrombosed completely after the first procedure. Of the remaining 5 pseudoaneurysms, 3 were treated successfully after the second attempt, and 2 patients underwent surgical repair; thus, the primary success rate was 95% (96 of 101), and the overall success rate was 98% (99 of 101). No changes in distal pulses or other adverse events were noted immediately or 1 day after the procedure. Ultrasound follow-up revealed complete disappearance of the pseudoaneurysm in 70% (40 of 57), presence of small, residual groin hematoma in 26% (15 of 57), and partial reperfusion of the pseudoaneurysm in 3.5% (2 of 57). Human thrombin injection under ultrasound guidance is a very effective and safe method of therapy. Failure (immediate and late) of the technique as well as procedure-related complications are very rare. In our institution, sonographically guided human thrombin injection has become the treatment of choice for postcatheterization pseudoaneurysms. Electronic Publication     

经纤维支气管镜引导肺内留置导管注药治疗高龄肺脓肿的应用价值

目的探讨肺内留置导管注药治疗高龄肺脓肿的应用价值。方法60例诊断肺脓肿的高龄患者,随机分为三组,内科常规治疗联合肺内留置导管介入治疗组18例,联合纤支镜下间断局部注药组22例,单纯内科治疗组20例;肺内留置导管组应用纤支镜导入法,留置导管,用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦0.75g加生理盐水10mI自导管注入,2~3次/d。结果肺内留置导管治疗组:治愈16例(88·9%),有效2例(11.1%),总有效率100%;纤支镜下间断注药组:治愈19例(86·4%),有效2例(9.1%),无效1例,总有效率95.5%;内科常规治疗组:治愈9例(45.0%),有效4例(20.0%),无效4例,总有效率65.0%,其中死亡3例;肺内留置导管组与纤支镜下间断注药组,两组疗效无显著性差异(P>0·05),而肺内留置导管组及纤支镜间断注药组,疗效明显优于内科常规治疗组(P<0.01);肺内留置导管组体温均恢复正常,较纤支镜间断注药组明显缩短,两组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论纤支镜下肺内留置导管治疗高龄肺脓肿可缩短疗程,减少医疗费用,安全性好,可提高治愈率,并发症少。     

舒理康胶囊预防急性高原反应的现场实验结果

目的:现场验证舒理康胶囊的抗缺氧功效,探寻新的预防急性高原反应药物。方法:随机选择150名空运进驻日喀则(海拔3900m)的新兵,将他们分为3组,分别服用空白胶囊(对照组)、舒理康胶囊(舒理康组)和红景天胶囊(红景天组)。在进入高原前2天开始服用,连续服用至进入高原后的第5天止。在受试者进入高原后,每日傍晚由专人对受试者的急性高原反应症状进行调查和评分。结果:在前3天的评分中,舒理康组的评分都是最低,且评分为0分(无高原反应)的百分比分别是34%、60%和76%;对照组分别是28%、48%和76%;红景天组分别是24%、40%和66%。评分(1~4)分(基本无高原反应)的情况与0分基本相同。在>10分(中度以上急性高原反应)的项目中,舒理康组未发生1例,而其它两组分别有2例、1例。结论:舒理康胶囊可以减轻缺氧症状的严重程度,降低急性高原反应的发病率,具有预防高原反应的功效。     

高寒牧区柯尔克孜羊同期发情和人工授精试验

为了提高柯尔克孜羊的繁殖率,本试验选择处于繁殖季节的600只柯尔克孜羊,随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组母羊采用一次PG方法处理;对照组为母羊自然发情,不做任何处理。观察第一情期的发情情况和发情后卵巢状态,统计同期发情率、受胎率和产羔率。结果显示:试验组同期发情率60%(120/200)显著高于对照组20%(80/400),差异显著(P0.05)。试验和对照组处理后发情羊的卵巢状态相同,试验组和对照组受胎率分别为75%和78.7%,差异均不显著(P0.05),产羔率分别为94.4%和95.2%,差异均不显著(P0.05)结论:通过在高寒牧区使用一次PG法对处于繁殖季节的柯尔克孜羊进行处理不仅达到促进母羊发情同期化程度、集中进行人工授精的目的,而且取得了预期的同期发情率、受胎率及产羔率,值得广泛推广。     

Double-injection method for sequentially measuring cerebral blood flow with N-isopropyl-(123I)p-iodoamphetamine

We investigated the accuracy of a double-injection method for sequentially measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) with N-isopropyl-(123I)p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) in simulation studies based on patient data and in clinical studies. The unidirectional clearance of IMP from the blood to the brain (K1; nearly equal to CBF) in the first and second sessions was calculated by means of a microsphere model. The K1 values in the first session (K1I) were calculated from Cb(5)/Int_CaI, where Cb(5) and Int_CaI are values for brain radioactivity 5 min after the first injection and for arterial blood radioactivity obtained by 5-min continuous sampling. The K1 values in the second session (K1II) were calculated by means of the following four methods. Method 1: [Cb(tz + 5) - Cb(tz)]/[Int_CaII - Ca(tz) x 5], where Cb(tz+5) and Cb(tz) are the brain radioactivity levels 5 min after the second injection and at the time the second session was started (tz), respectively. Int_CaII and Ca(tz) are the arterial blood radioactivity levels obtained by 5-min continuous sampling after the second injection and at tz, respectively. Method 2: [Cb(tz + 5) - Cb(tz)]/[Int_CaI x R], where R is the injection dose ratio. Method 3: [Cb(tz + 5) - Cb(tz) x exp(- K1I x 5/lambda)]/Int_CaII, where lambda is the population averaged partition coefficient. Method 4: same as Method 3 except that K1I was replaced by K1II obtained by means of Method 2. Theoretically, Method 4 appeared to be the best of the four methods. The change in K1 during the second session obtained by Method 1 or 2 largely depended on R and tz, whereas Method 3 or 4 yielded a more reliable estimate than Method 1 or 2, without largely depending on R and tz. Since Method 2 was somewhat superior to other methods in terms of noninvasiveness and simplicity, it also had the potential for routine clinical use. The reproducibility of two sequential measurements of K1 was investigated with clinical data obtained without any intervention. The response of CBF to acetazolamide challenge was also assessed by the above four methods. The knowledge gained by this study may assist in selecting a method for sequentially measuring CBF with a double injection of IMP.