静注免疫球蛋白及地塞米松治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜临床观察

探讨大剂量地塞米松及静注免疫球蛋白治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ＩＴＰ）的疗效及其对血液粘稠度的影响。以ＤＥＸ、ＩＶＩＧ、ＩＶＩＧ加ＤＥＸ治疗ＩＴＰ患儿,观察其血小板数变化,并于治疗前后各抽取静脉血一次。结果显示：１。平均血小板计数升至正常时间：单纯ＤＥＸ治疗组为７天,单纯ＩＶＩＧ组及ＩＶＩＧ加ＤＥＸ组为４天;平均计数峰值;单纯ＩＶＩＧ组及ＩＶＩＧ加ＤＥＸ组高于ＤＥＸ缄,但单纯ＩＶＩＧ组与ＩＶＩＧ加     

静注免疫球蛋白及地塞米松对特发性血小板减少性紫癜患儿免疫功能的影响

探讨大剂量地塞米松 (DEX)及静注免疫球蛋白 (IVIG)治疗 ,对特发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP)患儿外周血 T淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白的影响 ,在以DEX、IVIG治疗 ITP患儿 ,治疗前后各抽血一次 ;以 APAAP法测定 T淋巴细胞亚群 ,以单向琼脂免疫扩散法测定免疫球蛋白。结果表明 1.ITP患儿外周血 CD4+ 降低 ,CD8+增高 CD4+ /CD8+ ,显著降低。单纯 DEX组治疗后 ,CD4+、CD8+均显著降低 ,CD4+ /CD8+升高 ,Ig A、Ig G、Ig M降低 ;单纯 IVIG组治疗后 ,CD8+显著降低 ,CD4+ /CD8+升高 ,Ig G显著升高。2 .单纯 DEX组治疗后 ITP患儿外周血白细胞计数显著高于治疗前 ,单纯 IVIG组与 IVIG加 DEX组治疗前后无显著差异。治疗过程中院内交叉感染率单纯 DEX组为 31.43% ,单纯 IVIG治疗组为 2 5 % ,IVIG加 DEX组为2 8.5 7%。因此 ,本文认为 ITP患儿外周血 T淋巴细胞亚群表达异常 ,IVIG及 DEX治疗均干扰了 ITP患儿机体的免疫状态     

静注免疫球蛋白及地塞米松对待发性血小板减少性紫癜患儿？…

探讨大剂量地塞米松及静注免疫球蛋白治疗,对特发性血小板减少性紫癜患儿外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及免疫球蛋白的影响,在以ＤＥＸ、ＩＶＩＧ治疗ＩＴＰ患儿,治疗前后各抽血一次;以ＡＰＡＡＰ法测定Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群,以单向琼脂免疫扩散法测定免疫球蛋白。结果表明１．ＩＴＰ患儿外周血ＣＤ４＾＋降低,ＣＤ８＾＋增高ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋,显著降低。单纯ＤＥＸ组治疗后,ＣＤ４＾＋、ＣＤ８＾＋均显著降低,ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾     

抗-D免疫球蛋白治疗儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜研究进展

抗-D免疫球蛋白的临床应用是特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的治疗方法。研究表明抗-D免疫球蛋白治疗儿童ITP有效、安全、经济、使用方便,可以替代IVIG作为一线治疗药物。2011年,美国血液病协会在以证据为基础的免疫性血小板减少症的实践指南中建议Rh阳性、脾未切除的患者使用抗-D免疫球蛋白作为一线治疗药物。现就抗-D免疫球蛋白的作用机制、治疗和不良反应进行综述。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜125例临床疗效分析

本文总结了常用的五种治疗ＩＴＰ方案,探讨适合我国国情及小儿ＩＴＰ特点的治疗方法,Ⅰ组口服氨肽,素。Ⅱ组在Ⅰ组在的基础上加氢化考的松静点后改强的松口服。Ⅲ组在Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的基础上加用ＩＶＩｇ。Ⅳ组则在Ⅰ组基础上单用ⅣＩｇ。Ⅴ组在Ⅰ、Ⅱ组基础上加长春新碱静注。结果：五组治疗总有效率分别为１００％、８１．７％、７５％、６０％、５０％。统计学处理后Ⅰ组疗效优于Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,而Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组之间疗效无显著差异。结     

儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床观察

观察了８０例特发性血小板减小性紫癜（ＩＴＰ）,治疗前血小板数均值为１９×１０９／Ｌ并伴有明显出血症状。选择口服醋酸泼尼松组１９例,剂量为１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,疗程６—８周。静脉丙种球蛋白组２８例,剂量为０．２５—０．４０／ｋｇ,时间为２—５天,用前给地塞米松３—５ｍｇ预防过敏反应。免疫抑制组１１例为西艾克３ｍｇ／ｍ２／周或ＶＣＲ１．５ｍｇ／ｍ２／周,静脉缓慢滴注,用４—６次。切牌组１９例均选择激素无效或依赖者。醋酸泼尼松组显效率为５７．９％,无效率为１０．５％,总有效率为８９．５％。静脉丙种球蛋白组２８例,完全反应率为７１．４％,总有效率为８９．３％。切脾组显效率为８４％,总有效率为８９．５％。长春新碱总有效率为６３．６％。醋酸泼尼松仍作为首选药物。静脉丙种球蛋白费用昂贵,只能作为急救药物,适于急重症ＩＴＰ,采用小剂量静脉丙种球蛋白仍可获得满意的疗效,并可减少病人负担。切脾应掌握适应症,选择年龄大于４岁和病程半年以上为宜,因年龄太小易出现凶险感染。长春新碱类药物适于难治性ＩＴＰ或年幼儿不能切脾的重症ＩＴＰ。     

儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜病毒感染的临床分析

目的探讨儿童ITP病毒感染情况及其治疗与病情转归。方法(1)统计患儿发病的诱因,部分患儿检测EB病毒、巨细胞病毒、微小病毒B19、单纯疱疹病毒、支原体、自身抗体。分析病毒感染与ITP预后关系。(2)分析难治性与慢性TIP预后与治疗的关系。结果(1)病情严重程度与预后无关。(2)有特殊病毒感染诱因者共22例,其中12例(54.5%)为难治性或转为慢性;无特殊病毒感染诱因者共77例,其中19例(24.7%)为难治性或慢性,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。(3)难治性ITP转慢性的12例治疗效果均欠佳。(4)慢性ITP有特殊病毒感染者6例,其中好转的4例均多次短期大剂量应用丙种球蛋白,此4例中的3例同时或之前应用抗病毒药物,2例应用肾上腺皮质激素冲击。无特殊病毒感染史者13例,治疗好转6例,无效6例,均未应用大剂量丙种球蛋白。结论由特殊病毒感染引起的儿童ITP预后欠佳,加强联合大剂量丙种球蛋白、抗病毒的力度可改善预后。     

儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜治疗进展

特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)是儿童期常见的一种免疫介导的血小板减少所的致出血性疾患.该文总结了近年来有关ITP国内外治疗进展,并比较各种药物的优缺点和切脾治疗有效性的预测方法,以期促进对ITP治疗的认识和进一步研究.     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜70例临床分析

本文对７０例小儿ＩＴＰ进行临床资料和实验室分析，并探索外周血小板与骨髓巨核细胞变化的关系，发现急性ＩＴＰ中、重度者血小板与骨髓巨核细胞数呈正相关，慢性ＩＴＰ巨核细胞数明显多于急性ＩＴＰ，而形态无显著差异。     

PULSED HIGH-DOSE DEXAMETHASONE THERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA

The effectiveness of pulsed high-dose oral dexamethasone therapy in children with refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is evaluated. Thirteen children with severe chronic ITP were enrolled in the study from an outpatient pediatric hematology clinic (ages 2-14 years), 5 boys and 7 girls. They did not maintain a response to other forms of therapy (IVIg, Anti-D, conventional steroids, danazol) and one girl relapsed after splenectomy. Dexamethasone was administered orally at a dosage of 40 mg/M2/day (maximum 40 mg/day) for 4 consecutive days. The cycle was repeated once a month for 6 months. The immediate response to therapy was excellent as the mean platelet count at day 1 was 15 &#50 10 9 /L, while mean platelet count at day 4 was 158 &#50 10 9 /L. At the end of 6 cycles 3 patients maintained a platelet count of >150 &#50 10 9 /L and 4 patients showed partial response. At the end of the first year and second year (12 and 24 months after onset of treatment) 3 patients still had complete response, 3 patients had partial response, and 7 patients were failures. Six of the failures underwent splenectomy and one was shifted to dapsone, had no response, and refused splenectomy. Side effects were tolerable. They included bloating, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, anxiety, and depression, and transient glucosuria; however, they were not severe enough to discontinue the cycles. Mean duration of illness prior to start of dexamethasone was not significantly different in between responders and nonresponders. Dexamethasone given orally in high doses is an effective drug in achieving short-term platelet responses. Long-term remission is obtained in nearly half the patients with well-established chronic ITP. Its effectiveness in almost half the patients, minimal side effects, and low cost indicate that this treatment should be considered in patients with chronic ITP who do not tolerate the disease well before considering splenectomy.     

IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA IN CHILDREN: RESULTS OF STEROID THERAPY AND SPLENECTOMY

This survey comprises a retrospective analysis of 132 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) treated at the Royal Children's Hospital from 1958 to 1966 inclusive. There was a high spontaneous remission rate in this disease in children. A comparison of the results of treatment with and without steroids suggests that steroids initially help to control the bleeding tendency and in some cases a temporary elevation in platelet count follows their use. However in the two groups there was no difference in the long-term remission rate or in the remission time. While only about half the splenectomized patients have achieved full remission with a normal platelet count, they were all symptomless without the use of long-term steroids.     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者血浆内皮素初探

探讨特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者血浆内皮素的变化。方法 :对 80例特发性血小板减少性紫癜患儿血浆内皮素进行放免分析测定。结果 :特发性血小板减少性紫癜血浆内皮素明显升高 ,不同程度的出血组间及急性期与恢复期存在着显著差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :血浆内皮素在特发性血小板减少性紫癜患儿中明显增高 ,同出血程重的轻度呈正相关系 ,并随着疾病的恢复而降低     

CLINICAL COURSE OF CHILDREN WITH IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA TREATED WITH INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN G OR MEGADOSE METHYLPREDNISOLONE OR OBSERVED WITHOUT THERAPY

The authors compared the prognosis in 50 children with acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who received intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG), megadose methylprednisolone (MDMP), or no therapy. Twenty-six children were observed with no therapy, 12 children received IVIG, and 12 children received MDMP. The percentage of the patients whose platelet counts increased at a level of > 20 &#50 10 9 /L and > 50 &#50 10 9 /L at 3 days after starting therapy was significantly higher in both IVIG and MDMP groups than in the no therapy group ( p < .01), but there was no significant difference at 10 and 30 days after initiation between the 3 groups ( p > .05 in each comparison). This result suggested that therapy does not increase the rate of recovery but shortens the duration of thrombocytopenia in the first days. Management decision in ITP is made on clinical condition rather than on platelet count and no treatment options is to be preferred even in the face of mucosal bleeding. If the patient has extensive bleeding and the decision is to treat, both IVIG and MDMP are equally effective in providing a safe platelet level early on.     

IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT OF IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA IN CHILDREN

ABSTRACT. Eleven children with symptomatic idiopathic thrombocytopenia were treated with immunosuppressive agents. Ten children received cyclophosphamide; I was given azathioprine. Only I child produced a full response, and 6 subsequently needed splenectomy which was curative. It is concluded that immunosuppressive treatment is ineffective in childhood thrombocytopenia and that splenectomy remains the treatment of choice for the rare case which fails to settle spontaneously or respond to corticosteroids.     

溶血—尿毒综合征诊断治疗探讨(附7例报告)

溶血—尿毒综合征诊断治疗探讨（附７例报告）刘昱，陈琦，郭松传，陈凤民河南省人民医院儿科溶血—尿毒综合征是由微血管性溶血性贫血，血小板减少和急性肾功能衰竭三个典型的临床特征所组成的综合征。常伴有早期胃肠炎及出血。在临床上成为急性肾衰的病因。并往往因病情...     

自在昆明召开的全国小儿血液研究学术会议(第七次、1995)──三、足月新生儿凝血因子水平的研究

自在昆明召开的全国小儿血液研究学术会议（第七次、１９９５）──三、足月新生儿凝血因子水平的研究孔宏伟，孙琼，楼金吐浙江医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿凝血各项与成人相比有其独特的地方，激活的部分凝血活酶时间（ＡＳＰＴＴ），凝血酶原时间（ＰＴ），凝血酶时间（...     

自在昆明召开的全国小儿血液研究学术会议(第七次、1995)──二、应用PCR—RE分析系统研究血友病甲患儿的基因缺陷

自在昆明召开的全国小儿血液研究学术会议（第七次、１９９５）──二、应用ＰＣＲ—ＲＥ分析系统研究血友病甲患儿的基因缺陷杜玲珍，高雁翎，王德芬上海第二医科大学附属瑞金医院儿科血友病甲是一种常见的出血性疾病，占所有出血性疾病的５％，系凝血因子ＦⅧ缺乏所致。...