脐带因素与胎儿的生长发育的关系

目的探讨脐带血临床指标评价胎儿生长发育情况的临床应用价值。方法选取我院出生的新生儿96例,根据胎龄以及出生体重百分位数的关系将所有新生儿分为小于胎龄儿(SGA)组、适于胎龄儿(SGA)组以及大于胎龄儿(AGA)组,测量新生儿的出生体重、身长、头围、胎盘重量以及体质指数(BMI),并分析与胎儿生长发育的关系。结果 LGA组新生儿脐带血瘦素、IGF-Ⅰ以及GH水平明显高于AGA组和SGA组新生儿,随着新生儿体重的增加,新生儿的身长、头围、胎盘重量以及BMI也会随着增加.新生儿脐带血瘦素、IGF-Ⅰ以及GH水平与体重、身长、头围、胎盘重量以及BMI均呈正相关。结论瘦素、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)以及生长激素(GH)在胎儿生长发育过程中发挥着重要的调节作用,作为评价胎儿生长发育状况及营养状态具有重要的临床应用价值。     

脐血瘦素水平与新生儿体格发育关系的研究

[目的]探讨新生儿出生时脐带血瘦素水平与新生儿体格发育指标的关系,评价脐血瘦素水平对胎儿生长发育的调节作用。[方法]选择2006年包钢三院产科出生的足月分娩的胎龄为37~42周发育正常的新生儿88例,根据新生儿体重分为大于胎龄儿组(LGA组)、适于胎龄儿组(AGA组)、小于胎龄儿组(SGA组)。于新生儿娩出后立即采集脐静脉血标本,用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法测定LEP的含量。[结果]新生儿脐带血瘦素水平与出生体重、身长、胎盘重量、体重指数均有相关性。[结论]脐血瘦素水平与新生儿出生体重,身长,体重指数,胎盘重量有关,对新生儿体格生长发育指标的增长速度具有调节作用。     

母血脐血胰岛素、糖脂水平测定及其意义

【目的】　测定小于胎龄儿 (SGA)、适于胎龄儿 (AGA)、大于胎龄儿 (LGA)母血脐血胰岛素 (INS)、糖脂水平并分析其相关因素 ,探讨不同宫内环境下胎儿INS、糖脂水平变化及意义。　【方法】　均选取无明显产科并发症的剖宫产母亲及其新生儿 ,其中SGA 2 0例 ,AGA 2 7例 ,LGA 2 1例。采用ELISA法测定INS ,葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血糖 (Glu) ,大型生化仪测定甘油三脂 (TG)和胆固醇 (CHOL)。　【结果】　①LGA组母血脐血INS水平明显高于SGA组和AGA组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,SGA组与AGA组母血脐血之间INS水平差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;LGA组母血TG水平明显高于SGA、AGA组 (P <0 .0 5 )。SGA组脐血TG水平明显高于AGA和LGA(P <0 .0 5 ) ,三组母血脐血血糖、CHOL差别无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。②母血与脐血INS、TG、CHOL、血糖水平之间无相关性 ;母血INS水平与胎儿的体格发育指标无相关性。③SGA组母亲孕前体块指数 (BMI)明显低于AGA组及LGA组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,后两者之间差别无统计学意义。LGA组母亲孕期体重增加明显高于SGA组及AGA组 (P <0 .0 5 )。母亲孕前BMI、孕期体重增加、身高与胎儿出生体重呈正相关。。　【结论】　不同的宫内环境引起胎儿内分泌及代谢的改变 ,SGA儿的TG水平明显升高及LGA儿的高胰岛素血症可能     

新生儿脐血瘦素水平及其相关因素的探讨

【目的】　探讨脐血瘦素水平与胎儿宫内生长发育相关性。　【方法】　采用放免检测新生儿脐血瘦素水平 ,采用Ponderal指数〔PI=10 0×体重 (g) /身长 (cm) 3 〕估测新生儿营养状态 ,采用weststrate公式〔F % =0 .8848×SFT4+0 .0 2 2〕估测新生儿体脂含量。　【结果】　 3 7例适于胎龄儿 (AGA)脐血瘦素水平为 ( 10 .5 7± 3 .0 3 ) μg/L ,不同性别AGA脐血瘦素水平无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 13例大于胎龄儿 (LGA)脐血瘦素水平为 ( 13 .15± 3 .5 1) μg/L ,显著高于AGA(P =0 .0 14 ) ;15例小于胎龄儿 (SGA)脐血瘦素水平为 ( 8.0 5± 2 .69) μg/L ,显著低于AGA(P =0 .0 0 72 )。脐血瘦素水平与新生儿出生体重 (BW )相关系数r=0 .65 (P <0 .0 1) ,与新生儿体脂含量 (F % )相关系数r =0 .2 8(P <0 .0 5 ) ,与新生儿Ponderal指数 (PI)相关系数r =0 .62 (P <0 .0 1)。　【结论】　脐血瘦素水平是胎儿宫内生长发育状态的敏感指标 ,脐血瘦素可能是胎儿宫内生长发育的调节因子。     

脐血LEP、PA、IgG与胎儿宫内生长发育关系的研究

[目的]分析脐血瘦素(LEP)、血清前白蛋白(PA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)水平与胎儿宫内生长发育的关系。探讨LEP、PA、IgG检测的临床应用价值。[方法]选择包钢三院分娩的胎龄为37～42周发育正常的新生儿88例,根据体重分为大于胎龄儿组(LGA组)、适于胎龄儿组(AGA组)、小于胎龄儿组(SGA组)。于新生儿娩出后立即采集脐静脉血标本,并将标本离心,提取上层血清,于-20℃冰箱保存。用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法测定LEP的含量,用免疫比浊法测定PA、IgG的含量。SPSS11.0软件统计包进行统计分析,数据采用t检验、方差分析、直线相关分析进行处理。[结果]LGA、AGA、SGA3组之间身长、体重、PI指数、胎盘重量均有统计学差异;3组新生儿脐血中LEP、PA、IgG均有统计学差异,脐血中LEP、PA、IgG与新生儿出生时身长、体重、PI、胎盘重量4个生长参数均存在显著正相关性;不同性别新生儿脐血瘦素水平无统计学差异;3组新生儿脐血中PA与IgG均呈显著正相关。[结论]出生时身长、体重、PI指数、胎盘重量等生长参数均可评价胎儿宫内生长发育。LEP对胎儿宫内生长发育有促进作用,可作为评价胎儿发育的一个参考指标。胎盘组织和胎儿均是LEP的来源。IgG可以从免疫功能和抗御疾病能力方面评价新生儿宫内发育状况。PA是敏感的评价新生儿营养水平的蛋白质-能量指标。     

脐血血清促代谢因子水平与胎儿生长发育的关系

目的 探讨脐血血清促代谢因子(betatrophin)水平与胎儿生长发育的关系,为胎儿保健提供依据。方法 2018年1-7月选择瑞安市人民医院妇幼分院出生的大于胎龄儿(LGA)、适于胎龄儿(AGA)和小于胎龄儿(SGA)各30例。检测脐血、母血和羊水betatrophin水平,分析脐血血清betatrophin水平与胎儿生长发育各指标、糖脂代谢指标、瘦素和脂联素等的相关性。结果 LGA、AGA、SGA的脐血血清betatrophin水平分别为(1 009.210±98.761)、(929.487±80.949)、(910.590±105.518)ng/L,差异有统计学意义(F=8.986,P＜0.001);三组新生儿血脂各指标水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);相关分析显示脐血betatrophin水平与新生儿出生体重、重量指数(PI)、胎龄,脐血瘦素、甘油三酯水平呈正相关(r=0.537、0.502、0.250、0.422、0.832,P＜0.05),与脐血脂联素水平呈负相关(r=-0.257、P＜0.05),与母血和羊水betatrophin水平,孕前和分娩时体重量、孕前体重指数(BMI)、孕期体重指数增加量(ΔBMI),胎盘重量,脐血和产妇血糖(PG)、胰岛素(INS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)无相关性(P>0.05);多元线性回归分析显示血betatrophin是新生儿出生体重独立影响因素(P＜0.05)。结论 Betatrophin参与胎儿生长发育调节,脐血betatrophin水平可反映胎儿的生长发育状况。     

表皮生长因子、抗心磷脂抗体与胎儿生长发育的关系

【目的】测定母血、脐血表皮生长因子(epidermal growthfactor,EGF)与脐血抗心磷脂抗体(anticardiolip-in antibodies,ACA)水平与胎儿生长发育的关系。【方法】收集小于胎龄儿(small for gestational age,SGA)组(18例)、适于胎龄儿(appropriate for gestational age,AGA)组(20例)、大于胎龄儿(large for gestational age,LGA)组(17例)的脐血5ml及其母产后第2d肘静脉血2ml,酶联免疫法测EGF、ACA-IgG和ACA-Ig M。【结果】①SGA组脐血EGF含量显著高于AGA组、LGA组(P<0.05),胎儿出生体重与胎儿自身EGF水平呈现明显负相关(r=-0.573,P<0.001),胎儿出生身长与胎儿自身EGF水平呈现负相关(r=-0.343,P<0.05);②SGA组母血EGF含量明显低于AGA组、LGA组,胎儿出生体重与母亲血EGF水平呈现正相关(r=0.391,P<0.05),胎儿出生身长与母亲血EGF水平无相关(r=0.264,P>0.05);③母血与脐血EGF水平差异无显著性(P>0.05);④新生儿ACA-IgG阳性与宫内生长迟缓(intrauterine growth retardation,I UGR)、胎膜早破、宫内窘迫的发生有关。【结论】胎儿体重与母血和胎儿EGF水平变化有关,胎儿身长与胎儿EGF水平变化有关,证实EGF对胎儿的调节作用;脐血ACA-IgG与I UGR的发生有关。     

新生儿瘦素水平动态变化与胰岛素样生长因子—Ⅰ、胰岛素及生长激素关系研究

目的:探讨新生儿期血清瘦素、胰岛素样生长因子—Ⅰ(IGF-I)、胰岛素、生长激素水平变化及其对新生儿生长发育的影响。方法:采用放射免疫法检测100例正常足月人工喂养新生儿脐静脉和静脉血瘦素、IGF-I、胰岛素和生长激素水平,并按采血时间分为初生脐血组、早期新生儿组(生后4~6天)和晚期新生儿组(生后25~28天),采用新生儿体重、身长和R I指数评估新生儿生长发育情况。结果:脐血瘦素水平与IGF-I、胰岛素、生长激素水平和出生体重呈正相关,r值分别为0.45、0.374、0.56和0.646(P均<0.01);早期新生儿组血清瘦素水平(0.45±0.38)μg/L显著低于初生脐血组(8.51±5.64)μg/L,其下降值与此期间IGF-I的下降值呈显著正相关(r=0.28),而与胰岛素、生长激素和新生儿体重的下降值无关:晚期新生儿瘦素水平(1.83±0.73)μg/L回升,高于早期新生儿水平(P<0.01),其增长值与血清IGF-I、胰岛素、生长激素以及体重的增长值呈显著正相关,r值分别为0.45、0.384、0.289、0.484(P<0.01~0.05)。结论:新生儿期血清瘦素水平的动态变化与体重、血清IGF-I、胰岛素和生长激素水平有一定相关性,提示瘦素对新生儿期生长发育和能量代谢方面发挥重要作用;瘦素可能通过营养物质—胰岛素—IGF-1—生长激素内分泌轴共同调控新生儿生长发育。     

脐血瘦素、IGF—Ⅰ、脂联素与胎儿宫内发育迟缓的意义

目的探讨脐血瘦素、IGF—Ⅰ和脂联素与胎儿宫内生长迟缓的关系。方法选择2006年10月至2007年10月在我院新生儿47例,宫内生长迟缓（小于胎龄儿,SGA）组16例,适于胎龄儿（AGA）组31例为正常对照组。采用放射免疫分析法对新生儿脐血瘦素、IGF—Ⅰ及脂联素进行检测分析;测量新生儿体质量、身长、头围、足长及胎盘重量,计算体重指数（BMI）。结果（1）宫内生长迟缓组脐血瘦素、IGF-Ⅰ及脂联素水平水平明显低于正常对照组（P均〈0．01）。（2）脐血脂联素水平与出生体质量、胎盘重量、BMI水平均呈正相关（P均〈0．05）。（3）脐血瘦素及IGF-Ⅰ水平分别与新生儿出生体质量、身长、头围、足长、BMI及胎盘重量呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论脐血瘦素、IGF—Ⅰ及脂联素水平与胎儿生长发育及营养状态密切相关,脐血瘦素素、IGF—Ⅰ或脂联素水平降低可能是胎儿宫内生长迟缓发生的原因之一。     

母血及脐血视黄醇结合蛋白4水平与胎儿生长发育的关系

目的探讨新生儿母血及脐血中视黄醇结合蛋白4 (RBP4)水平与胎儿生长发育的关系,同时对相关的因素进行分析。方法选取2016年2月-2017年11月在医院分娩90例足月正常孕妇作为研究对象,依据新生儿体质量分为大于胎龄儿(LGA)组和适于胎龄儿(AGA)组,检测母血、脐血中RBP4水平,同时检测胰岛素水平,记录孕周、体质指数(BMI)、新生儿出生体质量等指标。结果 LGA组脐血中RBP4、胰岛素水平均高于AGA组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05);多元回归分析显示孕妇BMI、脐血RBP4、胰岛素水平与新生儿出生体质量密切相关(R=0. 646,R~2=0. 417,P=0. 015)。结论脐带血中RBP4水平与胎儿的生长发育关系密切。     

促酰化蛋白对宫内生长受限新生儿生长发育影响的研究

目的研究促酰化蛋白(ASP)对胎儿宫内生长受限(FGR)新生儿生长发育的影响。方法选择我院2014年3月至2019年1月收治180例产妇为研究对象,根据出生体质量均分为LGA组、AGA组、FGR组,比较三组的脐血ASP及血脂水平,分析脐血ASP与新生儿生长发育指标的相关性。结果①脐血ASP水平、游离脂肪酸水平、甘油三脂水平LGA组>AGA组>FGR组。②脐血ASP水平与LGA新生儿出生体质量、SF4均呈正相关,与AGA新生儿SF4呈正相关,与FGR新生儿出生体质量、腹围、SF4均呈正相关。结论ASP可能通过脂代谢影响胎儿的体脂分布,脐血ASP可成为评价FGR新生儿生长发育的有效指标。     

大于胎龄儿脐血脂联素水平测定及意义

目的探讨血脂联素水平与大于胎龄儿的关系。方法选取大于胎龄儿（LGA）和适于胎龄儿（AGA）各30人。应用酶联免疫吸附法测定脐血和母血脂联素浓度,用免疫比浊法测定血脂水平;并分析脐血脂联素水平与母血脂联素、新生儿性别、出生体质量、体质指数（BMI）、胎盘重量和血脂水平的相关性。结果大于胎龄儿脐血浆脂联素水平低于适于胎龄儿,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;2组新生儿血脂水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。大于胎龄儿血浆脂联素水平与新生儿出生体质量、BMI、胎盘重量、脐血甘油三酯水平均呈显著负相关（r分别为-0.848,-0.785,-0.835,P〈0.001）。大于胎龄儿男婴和女婴脐血浆脂联素、血脂各成分水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论血脂联素水平的变化与大于胎龄儿的发生有关,测定脐血脂联素水平有助于判断大于胎龄儿的发展趋势。     

胎儿生长受限孕妇血清及脐血瘦素水平检测的临床意义

目的:检测胎儿生长受限(FGR)患者产前及产后和胎儿脐血的瘦素水平,以探讨瘦素与FGR的关系。方法:采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定30例FGR患者和40例正常妊娠妇女产前及产后1周血清和胎儿脐血的瘦素水平以及30例健康未孕妇女瘦素水平,并对结果进行相关性分析。结果:①FGR组产前瘦素水平为(23.23±6.75)μg/L,正常妊娠组产前瘦素水平(24.58±5.69)μg/L,两组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);两组瘦素水平与脐血瘦素水平均无相关性(r=0.237、r=0.199,P均>0.05);两组瘦素水平与新生儿体重均无相关性(r=0.157、r=0.196,P均>0.05)。②FGR组产后瘦素水平为(7.73±2.96)μg/L,与正常妊娠组产后瘦素水平(7.92±2.54)μg/L比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05),两组分别与健康未孕组瘦素水平(7.44±2.48)μg/L比较,也均无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。③FGR组脐血瘦素水平为(5.84±2.68)μg/L,明显低于正常妊娠组脐血瘦素水平(9.37±3.51)μg/L,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);两组脐血瘦素水平与新生儿体重均呈正相关(r=0.412、r=0.392,P均<0.05)。结论:检测母体血清瘦素水平不能作为预测胎儿出生体重的指标,且母体血清瘦素水平与FGR的发生无关;脐血瘦素水平下降可能与FGR的发生有关,且与新生儿出生体重有关。     

巨大儿脐血、母血脂联素水平及相关因素的研究

目的:探讨脐血、母血脂联素水平与巨大儿发生的关系,并分析其相关因素。方法:应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定新生儿脐血及产妇血清脂联素水平,分析新生儿脐血脂联素与母血脂联素水平、出生体重、出生身长、体重指数(BMI)、宫高、胸围、腹围的相关性。结果:巨大儿脐血脂联素水平高于正常体重儿,差异有显著性(P0.05);两组新生儿脐血脂联素水平与出生体质量、出生身长、BMI、胸围、腹围、孕周呈正相关(P0.05);产妇血清脂联素水平明显低于新生儿脐血血清脂联素水平(P0.01),但与脐血脂联素无相关性;巨大儿母血血清脂联素水平与产妇体重、BMI、孕周及宫高、腹围之和相关(P0.05)。结论:脐血脂联素水平与巨大儿的发生有关,产妇脂联素水平、体重、BMI、孕周及宫高、腹围之和是产前诊断巨大胎儿的相关因素。     

Hyperadiponectinemia in newborns: relationship with leptin levels and birth weight

OBJECTIVE: Adiponectin is the only adipose-specific hormone that, despite its exclusive production by adipose tissue, is reduced in obesity and is inversely correlated with leptin levels in adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adiponectin concentration in umbilical cord blood at different gestational ages and to investigate its possible associations with leptin levels and birth weight. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Umbilical cord blood was obtained from 132 newborns (male = 65, female = 67, gestational age: 35 to 42 weeks). The anthropometric variables of the newborns studied were birth weight, birth length, body weight/body length, and ponderal index. Adiponectin, insulin, and leptin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay methods. RESULTS: Adiponectin levels in males were not different from those in females (24.10 +/- 0.81 vs. 25.62 +/- 0.84 micro g/mL, p = 0.280). Adiponectin concentrations were positively correlated with birth weight (p < 0.05), birth length (p < 0.05), body weight/body length (p < 0.05), gestational age (p < 0.01), and leptin levels (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION: These findings indicate that adiponectin is present in umbilical cord blood after 35 to 42 weeks of gestation, with higher levels than those usually found in adults, no gender differences, and a positive correlation with birth weight and leptin. These results suggest that not only could neonatal hyperadiponectinemia be associated with the increase of adiponectin production by fetal adipose tissue but also with a possible reduction in an unknown mechanism related to the suppression of adiponectin observed in adults.     

Birth Weight and Early Postnatal Outcomes: Association with the Cord Blood Lipidome

Being born small or large for gestational age (SGA and LGA, respectively), combined with suboptimal early postnatal outcomes, can entail future metabolic alterations. The exact mechanisms underlying such risks are not fully understood. Lipids are a highly diverse class of molecules that perform multiple structural and metabolic functions. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism underlies the onset and progression of many disorders leading to pathological states. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the relationships between birth weight, early postnatal outcomes, and cord blood serum lipidomes. We performed a non-targeted lipidomics-based approach to ascertain differences in cord blood lipid species among SGA, LGA, and appropriate-for-GA (AGA) newborns. Moreover, we longitudinally assessed (at birth and at ages of 4 and 12 months) weight and length, body composition (DXA), and clinical parameters. We disclosed distinct cord blood lipidome patterns in SGA, LGA, and AGA newborns; target lipid species distinctly modulated in each SGA, AGA, and LGA individual were associated with parameters related to growth and glucose homeostasis. The distinct lipidome patterns observed in SGA, AGA, and LGA newborns may play a role in adipose tissue remodeling and future metabolic risks. Maternal dietary interventions may potentially provide long-term benefits for the metabolic health of the offspring.     

Influence of Dietary Behaviors on Dyslipidemia in Pregnant Women and Its Effects on Physical Development of Fetuses and Infants: A Bidirectional Cohort Study

Background: Gestational diabetes can alter the trajectory of fetal development, but there are few studies on the effects of abnormal lipid metabolism on physical development of infants. We aimed to explore the prevalence of maternal dyslipidemia, its influencing factors and effects on the physical development of fetuses and infants, as well as the role of leptin in this process. Methods: Questionnaire surveys and main outcome measures were administered among 338 pairs of pregnant women and newborns. Results: The detection rate of maternal dyslipidemia was 31.5%. The median levels of TG (triglyceride) and TG/HDL (high-density lipoprotein) ratio were higher in large-for-gestational-age (LGA) newborns. Birth weight was positively related to infants’ height and weight at six months and one year old (p < 0.05). Leptin was positively related to TG levels of pregnant women and newborns’ birth weight (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that having greater than or equal to four meals a day (OR = 6.552, 95%CI = 1.014–42.338) and liking to eat lightly flavored food during pregnancy (OR = 1.887, 95%CI = 1.048–3.395) were independent risk factors of maternal dyslipidemia. Conclusions: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was relatively high in pregnant women and was affected by dietary behaviors. Abnormal lipid levels during pregnancy could affect weight and length at birth, which might be associated with increasing leptin levels in cord blood, and then the weight of infants would be influenced by birth weight.