不同产地续断中4种皂苷类成分的HPLC含量测定

目的用HPLC同时测定不同产地续断药材中川续断皂苷X、川续断皂苷Ⅵ、川续断皂苷XⅢ、α-常春藤皂苷4种皂苷类成分的含量。方法采用Agilent Eclipse XDB C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈(A)-0.05%甲酸溶液(B),梯度洗脱(0~8 min,8%~25%A;8~36 min,25%~85%A,36~45 min,85%A,45.1 min,8%A;45.1~50min,8%A),柱温30℃,流速1.0 ml/min,载气为氮气,体积流量2.0 L/min,漂移管温度80℃,增益5。结果川续断皂苷X、川续断皂苷Ⅵ、川续断皂苷XⅢ、α-常春藤皂苷在102~3 060、121.5~3 645、41.5~1 245、27~810 ng范围内的线性关系良好。平均回收率分别为100.77%、102.08%、100.95%、99.73%,RSD均小于3%。结论该测定方法准确度、灵敏度高,分离效果理想,可为完善续断质量标准评价提供依据。     

黄芪皂苷甲对妊娠高血压大鼠模型的治疗作用及其对胎盘中血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的:研究黄芪皂苷甲对妊娠高血压大鼠模型的治疗作用及对其胎盘中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响.方法:采用寒冷刺激诱导的方法建立妊娠高血压大鼠动物模型,给予不同剂量浓度的黄芪皂苷甲一段时间后,通过对照试验观察其对动物模型妊娠高血压的治疗作用;同时采用Western blot方法检测黄芪皂苷甲对动物模型胎盘中VEGF表达的影响.结果:黄芪皂苷甲可有效改善妊娠高血压大鼠模型的相关症状指标,同时使动物模型胎盘中VEGF的表达有所增高.结论:黄芪皂苷甲可以通过促进胎盘组织中VEGF的表达对妊娠高血压大鼠模型起到治疗作用.     

黄芪总皂苷氯化钠注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛的疗效

目的分析与探讨黄芪总皂苷氯化钠注射液对于冠心病心绞痛的治疗效果与安全性。方法选取本院2009年6月至2011年6月期间收治的66例冠心病心绞痛患者,随机分为2组,观察组33例,对照组33例,观察组给予黄芪总皂苷氯化钠注射液进行静脉滴注,剂量为每次100ml,每天1次,同时给予补心气口服液模拟剂进行治疗,剂量为每次10ml,每天3次。对照组给予盐酸川萼嗪氯化钠注射液进行静脉滴注,每次100ml,每天1次,同时给予补心气口服液模拟剂进行治疗,剂量与观察组相同,治疗两周后对比两组患者的临床疗效与安全性。结果通过2周的治疗后,观察组患者的显效率为27.2%,总进步率为79.2%,对照组显效率为28.0%,总进步率为70.4%,组间差异性无统计学意义。心电图疗效显示,观察组显效率为25.2%,对照组为18.3%,差异性无统计学意义。两组患者在治疗后,症状均有明显改善。结论采用黄芪总皂苷氯化钠注射液对冠心病心绞痛进行治疗安全有效,值得在临床上进行推广与应用。     

黄芪不同炮制品中微量元素的含量测定

应用等离子体发射光谱法对黄芪不同炮制品进行了３２种微量元素的含量测定，并对微量元素的含量进行了比较。结果表明，黄芪不同炮制品的微量元素的种类与含量均有不同程度的改变，此实验结果为黄芪炮制机理的研究提供了一定的科学依据。     

黄芪总皂苷对H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤抑制作用及机制

目的 探讨黄芪总皂苷对小鼠肝癌H₂₂肿瘤生长及免疫功能影响。方法 建立小鼠肝癌H₂₂移植瘤模型,小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、黄芪总皂苷高、中、低剂量组;称重法检测小鼠抑瘤率、脾脏指数、胸腺指数;噻唑蓝法检测小鼠淋巴细胞增殖能力及T淋巴细胞转化能力,酶联免疫法检测小鼠血清中白细胞介素-2（IL-2）含量。结果 与对照组比较,模型组小鼠体重[（24.90±2.82）g]明显减轻,胸腺、脾脏指数[分别为（1.47±0.45）、（3.97±0.05）mg/g]明显下降,淋巴细胞增殖能力（0.10±0.02）及转化能力[（1.08±0.03）%]明显降低,血清IL-2含量[（87.59±28.60）pg/mL]明显下降（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,黄芪总皂苷各剂量组小鼠肿瘤生长均明显受到抑制,黄芪总皂苷低、中、高剂量组小鼠胸腺与脾脏指数[分别为（2.18±0.34/）、（2.47±0.54/）、（2.51±0.46/） 与（5.42±0.84）、（6.13±0.71）、（6.46±0.85）mg/g]升高,淋巴细胞增殖能力[分别为（0.17±0.01）、（0.18±0.03）、（0.19±0.01）] 和T淋巴细胞转化能力[分别为（1.14±0.07）、（1.15±0.06）、（1.20±0.07）%]增强,血清IL-2含量[分别为（117.67±30.28）、（121.80±34.04）、（124.93±37.10）pg/mL]升高。结论 黄芪总皂苷可抑制小鼠肝癌H₂₂肿瘤细胞的增殖,其机制可能与增强机体的免疫功能有关。     

蒙古黄芪中的异黄酮类成分对成骨细胞增殖、分化的影响

目的研究蒙古黄芪中的异黄酮类成分及其对成骨细胞增殖、分化的影响,为黄芪抗骨质疏松提供实验依据。方法利用柱层析法结合现代光谱技术从蒙古黄芪获得单体化合物并进行结构鉴定,采用MTT法观察化合物对成骨细胞增殖的作用,通过测定碱性磷酸酶活性评价化合物对成骨细胞分化的影响。结果从蒙古黄芪的95%乙醇提取物中获得4个异黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为(1)芒柄花素,(2)毛蕊异黄酮,(3)芒柄花素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷,(4)毛蕊异黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷,所有化合物均能够明显促进成骨细胞增殖及增强碱性磷酸酶活性。结论从蒙古黄芪中分离得到的异黄酮类成分能够明显促进成骨细胞增殖、分化,为黄芪抗骨质疏松活性提供了依据。     

不同灭菌法对续断中川续断皂苷Ⅵ含量的影响

目的考察在保证灭菌效率的前提下,不同灭菌法对续断中川续断皂苷Ⅵ含量的影响。方法分别采用不同方法灭菌后采用高效液相色谱法测定川续断皂苷Ⅵ灭菌前后的含量。结果水洗灭菌后川续断皂苷Ⅵ含量下降最多,为8.2%,而化学灭菌为4.6%、热灭菌为3.8%、辐射灭菌为2.1%。结论辐照灭菌最适合续断灭菌。     

UPLC法测定保健品中五种人参皂苷的含量

目的:建立人参类保健品中五种人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1、Rc、Rd的超高效液相色谱分析方法。方法:样品经甲醇提取,大孔树脂柱净化,进行色谱分析。色谱条件:ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1×50 mm,1.7μm);乙腈-水流动相体系;紫外检测,检测波长为203 nm;柱温30℃;流速为0.50 ml/min。结果:五种人参皂苷在20 min内得到良好分离,方法的线性范围为39.6μg/ml～500.0μg/ml,线性相关系数为0.9995～0.9997。最小检出量为0.8 ng～2.5 ng,回收率为78.6%～94.4%,相对标准偏差2.4%～6.4%。结论:本法具有简单、快速、准确、可靠的特点,能够满足日常分析检测的需要,为人参类保健食品的质量控制提供了简便方法。     

建立黄芪药材中黄酮类成分HPLC指纹图谱的方法

目的就建立黄芪药材中黄酮类成分HPLC指纹图谱的方法进行探讨。方法采用HPLC法建立黄芪中黄酮类成分指纹图谱。结果对照品在0.0834-1.5012μg范围内与峰面积值呈良好的线性关系。回收率、平均回收率、RSD都较高。除了样品2(山西大同)和样品10(陕西旬邑)外,其它各批的相似度均大于O.94。结论本文所选用的方法回收率好、操作简便,同时专属性较强,可以对黄芪药材中黄酮类成分的质量更好地控制。     

贵州不同产地红土茯苓中薯蓣皂苷元的含量测定

目的:测定贵州不同产地的红土茯苓中指标性成分薯蓣皂苷元。方法:采用RP-HPLC法测定红土茯苓中薯蓣皂苷元的含量,色谱条件为依利特Hypersil ODS2色谱柱(5μm,4.6×250mm),流动相甲醇—0.2%磷酸(76∶24),流速1.0ml/min;检测波长203nm,柱温30℃,薯蓣皂苷元理论塔板数不得低于5000。结果:在此色谱条件下,薯蓣皂苷元在0.010525～2.105μg范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系;平均加样回收率(n=9)为100.4%(RSD=1.85%),贵州不同产地的红土茯苓中薯蓣皂苷元的含量在0.0024%～0.0035%之间。结论:RP-HPLC法简单易行,专属性强,准确度高,重复性好,可作为红土茯苓药材内在质量控制方法。     

黄芪甲苷对博莱霉素诱导的大鼠肺纤维化的治疗作用研究

目的探讨黄芪甲苷对博莱霉素诱导的大鼠肺纤维化的治疗作用。方法 24只SD大鼠随机分入4组:正常对照组、博莱霉素组,黄芪甲苷早期干预组和晚期干预组,于实验d1经气道注入博莱霉素(5mg/kg)或生理盐水后,早期和晚期干预组分别于实验d2和d14开始给予黄芪甲苷(1ml/只)治疗,并于d28处死大鼠,收集肺组织标本。利用Masson染色以及Ashcroft评分评估肺组织纤维化程度,碱水解法测定肺组织羟脯氨酸含量,ELISA法测定肺致纤维化因子TGF-β1和TNF-α表达水平。结果博莱霉素可显著诱导大鼠肺组织纤维化,黄芪甲苷早期干预可明显改善肺纤维化程度,降低肺组织羟脯氨酸含量,下调致纤维化因子TGF-β1和TNF-α的表达水平(P﹤0.05),而黄芪甲苷晚期干预并不能有效改善博莱霉素诱导的肺纤维化。结论黄芪甲苷可能对进展期肺纤维化没有治疗作用。     

黄芪颗粒对哮喘病儿外周血淋巴细胞及细胞因子的影响

目的:主要研究黄芪颗粒对急性发作期哮喘病儿临床疗效、外周血淋巴细胞及细胞因子水平的影响。方法:将急性发作期哮喘病儿随机分成治疗组和对照组,治疗组哮喘病儿在给予常规治疗的基础上加服黄芪颗粒,对照组采用单纯西药治疗。检测治疗前、后病儿外周血CD4、CD8、白细胞介素4(IL-4)和白细胞介素12(IL-12)水平。结果:治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组。治疗后治疗组与对照组比较CD4+上升,CD8+下降,CD4+/CD8+升高(P<0.05);治疗后治疗组IL-4较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),IL-12明显上升(P>0.05),与对照组比较IL-4、IL-8差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:黄芪颗粒能有效调节哮喘患儿T细胞亚群和细胞因子,较好的辅助治疗小儿哮喘。     

当归总糖 还原糖和多糖的含量测定方法探讨

目的:测定当归中总糖、还原糖及多糖含量。方法:采用可见分光光度法,经3,5—二硝基水杨(DNS)显色测定当归中的总糖、还原糖及多糖的含量。结果:实验结果测得当归中总糖、还原糖及多糖含量分别为38.28%、12.55%、25.73%,精密度、回收率试验结果理想。结论:该方法简便、快速、准确,灵敏度高。     

The effect of alkalization on the bioactive and flavor related components in commercial cocoa powder

The influence of alkalization on the bioactive components, volatile flavor compounds, and flavor related components in cocoa powder was studied. It indicated that the content of both methylxanthines and flavan-3-ols reduced as the degree of alkalization increased. Higher degree of alkalization decreased the total polyphenols content. More than 80 volatile compounds in the cocoa mass after alkalization were found in our study. Acetic acid, which was the predominated acid in cocoa powders before alkalization, was greatly decreased by 67.15%, while d-limonene was increased to 31.4% after heavy alkalization. Less nitrogen-containing heterocyclics were found after alkalization treatment, suggesting that interactions may occurred between polyphenols and aroma compounds pyrazines in cocoa powders. Amino acids analysis indicated that saccharide binding was preferred on hydrophobic amino acids. Under varying alkalizing conditions, fructose content reduced significantly except for the one with the addition of glucose. Results showed that the polyphenols, theobromine, caffeine, amino acids as well as the volatile compounds changed through alkalization, leading to unique flavor and color to the end products.     

不同产地板蓝根中有机酸和腺苷类成分分析研究

目的探索研究板蓝根药材质量控制标准。方法采用薄层色谱法对板蓝根中有机酸成分进行定性鉴别，用高效液相色谱法测定板蓝根腺苷类成分的含量。结果两种方法均操作简单，重复性好，准确可靠。结论可利用此方法控制板蓝根药材的质量。     

Effect of different hydrolysates of whey protein on hepatic glutathione content in mice

This study was designed to compare the effects of diets prepared with enzymatic hydrolysate of a whey protein concentrate (WPC) by pancreatin, protamex (Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark), and alcalase proteases on the hepatic glutathione content in mice. The undenatured WPC was produced in a pilot plant by membrane technology (microfiltration/diafiltration) after separation of the casein clot through a conventional process. All three hydrolysates with 20% degree of hydrolysis showed an amino acid profile similar to WPC. Male A/J mice were fed on diets containing 20% WPC or hydrolysates. Commercial casein was used as a reference protein in the biological assays. The glutathione content was determined after liver extraction through high-performance capillary electrophoresis. WPC and its pancreatin and protamex hydrolysates showed higher ability to stimulate liver glutathione synthesis than alcalase hydrolysate. This difference was probably related to an amino acid sequence in the peptides that were formed during hydrolysis of whey proteins. Commercial casein and WPC alcalase hydrolysate produced lower stimulation of liver glutathione synthesis (7.09 and 5.66 micromol/g of wet weight) compared with WPC and pancreatin and protamex hydrolysates (8.72, 8.71, and 8.45 micromol/g of wet weight, respectively). These results indicate that the hydrolysates obtained by treatment with pancreatin and protamex are good sources of peptides with activity to stimulate glutathione synthesis.     

小葱不同部位4种微量元素含量测定

方法:硝酸∶高氯酸(4+1)消解,火焰原子吸收光谱法对小葱葱须、葱白、葱叶中4种微量元素进行测定。结果:小葱中Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu元素含量丰富且不同部位含量存在差异,Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu含量分别为:小葱须630.6 mg/kg、116.2 mg/kg、210.3 mg/kg、28.40 mg/kg;小葱白214.0 mg/kg、41.00 mg/kg、236.4 mg/kg、22.00 mg/kg;小葱叶282.0 mg/kg、104.7 mg/kg、331.2 mg/kg、18.10 mg/kg。RSD≤1.586%,回收率在96%～108%之间,结果满意。     

Effect of maturity stage on the content of ash components in raw and preserved grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds

The grains of grass pea cultivar krab of dry matter content at the level of 26–40 g/100 g were used in the production of preserves by freezing and canning in air tight containers. The content of ash and its alkalinity and of potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, total phosphorus, and phytic phosphorus was determined in raw and blanched material, in frozen products stored for six months and then cooked to consumption consistency, and in sterilized canned products after the same storage period. With the increasing degree of maturity the content of all the above constituents calculated per 100 g fresh matter, increased. Blanching considerably reduced the level of ash and its alkalinity, of potassium, and of phytic phosphorus. The cooking of frozen seeds and the sterilization in salty brine caused a reduction of the components analysed except for the content of ash, its alkalinity, and of calcium. In comparison with canned sterilized preserves in cooked frozen grains a higher content of all the mineral components was determined.     

Effect of maturity stage on the content of ash components in raw and preserved grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seeds

The grains of grass pea cultivar krab of dry matter content at the level of 26-40 g/100 g were used in the production of preserves by freezing and canning in air tight containers. The content of ash and its alkalinity and of potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, total phosphorus, and phytic phosphorus was determined in raw and blanched material, in frozen products stored for six months and then cooked to consumption consistency, and in sterilized canned products after the same storage period. With the increasing degree of maturity the content of all the above constituents calculated per 100 g fresh matter, increased. Blanching considerably reduced the level of ash and its alkalinity, of potassium, and of phytic phosphorus. The cooking of frozen seeds and the sterilization in salty brine caused a reduction of the components analysed except for the content of ash, its alkalinity, and of calcium. In comparison with canned sterilized preserves in cooked frozen grains a higher content of all the mineral components was determined.